乳铁蛋白肽基因的合成及其在动物乳腺中的表达

根据已发表的编码牛乳铁蛋白肽(LfcinB)25个氨基酸的mRNA序列,设计了4条用于合成牛乳铁蛋白肽全基因的引物,用重叠延伸PCR法合成149 bp的牛乳铁蛋白肽基因(包括牛乳铁蛋白信号肽序列、上下游酶切位点和终止密码子),并将此基因克隆到载体pI-B,获得了乳腺特异性表达质粒pI-BL,该质粒经生理盐水稀释后直接注入稳定泌乳期奶山羊和奶牛乳腺组织(注射量为400μg),以琼脂板溶圈法检测奶样抑菌活性。结果显示,注射后3~48 h,奶样有明显抑菌活性,其中3~9 h抑菌活性最高。     

组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体乳腺表达载体构建及在转基因鼠中表达的研究

通过PCR方法从羊肝总DNA中获得了羊β-乳球蛋白(BLG)基因第一和第二内含子,以羊β-乳球蛋白基因(BLG)5′区5kb为调控序列,构建了乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)载体。对540枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经PCR和Southern blot检测,获得6只整合有人La-tPA的转基因小鼠,整合率为32%。同时研究了转基因在小鼠体内的表达。Northern blot分析表明,在一些转基因鼠乳腺中表达出La-tPA。在基因鼠乳汁中检测出La-tPA的表达达6μg/mL。这为未来利用转基因动物生产La-tPA提供依据。     

小鼠β-酪蛋白基因序列调控人t-PA突变体基因在小鼠乳腺的表达

为验证克隆的小鼠β－酪蛋白基因序列调控外源基因表达的能力,将人人t-PA突变体基因的信号肽－前肽编码序列用小鼠β－酪蛋白的信号肽编码序列替换,人t-PA突变体成熟肽cDNA融合到小鼠β－酪蛋白基因的第2外显子中,从而构建成旨在应用小鼠β－酪蛋白基因序列调控人t-PA突变体基因在小鼠乳腺中表达的载体。融合基因经显微注射到小鼠的受精卵中,285枚注射的受精卵移植到13只受体小鼠,经PCR和Southern杂交鉴定,42只出生小鼠中有12只为转基因阳性鼠。7只转基因阳性鼠乳汁中表达人t-PA突变体,最高表达水平为3．6593μg/ml,证明小鼠β－酪蛋白基因序列能够调控人t-PA突变体基因在转基因小鼠的乳汁中表达出具有生物活性的人t-PA突变体,为进一步制备了人t-PA突变体基因敲入小鼠模型提供了理论和实验依据。     

RT-PCR测定组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)在转基因鼠乳腺表达的研究

利用所构建的乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体（Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ）载体．对５４０枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经ＰＣＰ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,获得６只整合有人Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ转基因小鼠．为了精确研究转基因在小鼠体内的表达,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＰ方法测定转基因鼠在泌乳期１～２０ｄＬａ－ｔＰＡ基因的转录,结果表明,在转基因鼠乳腺的Ｌａ－ｔＰＡｍＲＮＡ水平在１０～１５ｄ最高,在２０ｄ时降为最低．外源基因在转基因小鼠乳腺的表达规律研究为未来利用转基因动物生产Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ提供依据     

通过染色体外同源重组建立乳腺中表达外源基因的转基因小鼠

为研究染色体外重组方法在创建转基因动物中的应用,选取牛asl酪蛋白基因的5′及3′侧翼区和氯霉素乙酰化酶编码区,构建了两个具有3 kb相互重叠的融合基因.将这两个DNA片段末端脱磷酸后,以摩尔比1:1的比例混合,通过显微注射导入小鼠受精原核,最后获得了11个品系的转基因小鼠.对其中10个品系的小鼠的整合分析表明,所注射的两个DNA片段均发生了染色体外同源重组,而且除了 1个品系的小鼠丢失了大约1kb的序列外,其余品系小鼠的重组产物与预想的结构符合.在当代和后代的转基因小鼠乳汁中均可测到氯霉素乙酰化酶的活性.这表明融合基因在转基因小鼠乳腺中得到表达和分泌,也说明显微共注射两个相互重叠的基因片段是建立转基因动物的一个可行途径.     

抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因小鼠乳腺生物反应器的制备与验证

目的:构建抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因动物乳腺特异性表达载体并制备和验证抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因小鼠乳腺生物反应器模型。方法:利用PCR法扩增出抗人p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26的重链基因H和轻链基因L,然后分别将嵌合抗体重链基因H和嵌合抗体轻链基因L连接到乳腺特异性表达质粒pBC1,从而构建抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因动物乳腺特异性表达载体pBC1-H和pBC1-L。分别将抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26乳腺特异表达载体pBC1-H和pBC1-L线性化,然后使用原核显微共注射法获得8只转基因FVB小鼠,通过鼠尾直接PCR鉴定其转基因阳性。通过RT-PCR、荧光定量PCR鉴定转基因小鼠乳腺组织中抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26的mRNA表达。使用小鼠乳汁采集器收集其乳汁并通过Western blot和夹心ELISA等实验鉴定抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26是否获得表达。结果:经测序验证,抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26的嵌合重链基因H和嵌合轻链基因L分别与乳腺特异表达质粒pBC1正确正向连接。鼠尾直接PCR结果显示所获8只转基因FVB小鼠均为转基因双阳性小鼠,且抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26的重链基因H和轻链基因L在它们的后代中稳定遗传,它们的后代中转基因小鼠双阳性率约为30%; RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR的结果显示,转基因双阳性小鼠及其双阳性后代的乳腺组织中存在抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26的mRNA表达; Western blot和ELISA等实验结果显示,转基因双阳性小鼠乳汁中存在抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26的蛋白质表达,而且抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26与羊抗人κ链抗体和羊抗人Ig G Fc-HRP抗体均能特异性结合。结论:成功构建抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因动物乳腺特异性表达载体pBC1-H和pBC1-L和制备了抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因小鼠乳腺生物反应器模型,为今后抗p185~(erbB2)人鼠嵌合抗体ChAb26转基因牛乳腺生物反应器的研究奠定了理论和技术基础。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β-乳球蛋白基因(BLG)作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工具,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,经PCR和Southern\|Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG-tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汁中检测到tPA的活性,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合在小鼠基因组中的牛BLGtPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

利用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽简称LfcinBD,获得的表达产物具有较强的抗菌活性.将人工设计的用化学合成法合成的以酵母偏爱密码子编码的LfcinBD基因片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得的重组质粒pPIC9K-LfcinBD通过限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ酶切线性化,电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115宿主菌,G418抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子.经PCR检测,LfcinBD基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定整合.阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达LfcinBD,诱导表达5 d,每24 h取上清1 mL,进行抑菌试验.结果表明,抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽衍生肽基因已整合到酵母细胞基因组中并获得表达,经0.5%甲醇在30℃诱导48 h可产生较强抗菌活性的抗菌肽,而且对氨苄青霉素抗性的大肠杆菌亦有较强的抑菌作用.     

人促血小板生成素在转基因小鼠乳腺中定位表达的研究

通过转基因动物乳腺生物反应器大规模生产药用蛋白质已成为现代生物技术新的生长点之一。为研制表达人促血小板生成素的哺乳动物生物反应器的转基因小鼠模型,本论文以小鼠乳清酸蛋白（mWAP)基因5‘端调控区和牛α-sl-酪蛋白基因3‘端调控区作为调节元件构建了用于表达人促血小板生盛开纱的乳腺组织特异性表达载体pWAPTPO(Fig.l)。通过常规显微注射的方法把mWAP启动子指导的hTPO表达载体导入小鼠受精卵,获得出生小鼠16只,经PCR检测,有6只为转基因阳性（Fig.2)。G0代小鼠中转基因整合率为37.5%(6/16),用ELISA方法在G0代转基因雌鼠的乳汁中检测了促血小板生成素的表达,表达量在0.8μg/mL以上（Tablel)。这些结果表明我们已建立了乳腺表达hTPO的转基因小鼠模型,为以后大型家畜乳腺生物反应器的研制提供了科学依据。     

乳腺注射法表达人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂的研究

目的 :构建tPA乳腺定位表达载体 ,使其在牛乳汁中高效表达 ,观察目的基因表达的规律及其影响因素 ,为建立新型牛乳腺生物反应器提供理论基础。方法 :RT-PCR法克隆目的基因 ,通过酶切、连接、分离、纯化等方法构建含tPA-cDNA的乳腺定位表达载体 ;采用乳腺注射法将融合基因转入小鼠及牛的乳腺组织中。结果 :乳腺注射外源基因后 ,tPA可在小鼠和牛的乳汁中表达。结论 :乳腺注射法可使目的基因在乳腺组织中稳定地表达较长的时间 ,其表达量与显微注射法没有明显的差异 ,表明外源基因的表达不受转基因方法的影响。但tPA在牛乳汁中的表达量明显高于小鼠的表达量 ,提示不同动物的乳蛋白调控系统有一定的差异 ,可能受着不同的因素或调控系统的影响。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β－乳球蛋白基因（BLG）作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工龄,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,以PCR和Southern-Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG－tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汗中检测到tPA r itd ntg ,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合的小鼠基因组中的牛BLG－tPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

Increased milk yield in transgenic mice expressing insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates many of the actions of growth hormone. Overexpression of IGF-1 was reported to have endocrine and paracrine/autocrine effects on somatic growth in transgenic mice. To study the paracrine/autocrine effects of IGF-1 in mammary gland, transgenic mice were produced by pronuclear microinjection of a construct containing a bovine alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) promoter linked to an ovine IGF-1 cNDA. This alpha-LA promoter has previously been shown to direct expression of a human factor VIII gene specifically to the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Three transgenic mouse lines were established as a result of microinjection of 398 embryos. Transgene expression was found in mammary gland at day 1 of lactation from these three lines. Progeny test were carried out by mating two transgenic males/one transgenic female to two nontransgenic females/one nontransgenic male. Mice from one line (line 1225) were all nonexpressors and the other (line 1372) failed to produce offspring. Milk yield was analyzed in the line 1137 that produced 10 mice, of which three were transgenic females and three nontransgenic females. All of the three transgenic females showed integration of the transgene and expressed transgene IGF-1 mRNA in the mammary gland. Milk yields from days 5, 10, and 15 of lactation were significant greater in transgenic expressors than in their nontransgenic littermates. Specifically, there is 17.9% increase in total milk yield from these three days for transgenics compared with nontransgenics. These results demonstrate that local overexpression of IGF-1 in transgenic mice is capable to stimulating milk yield during the first lactation.     

Analysis of tissue-specific expression of human type II collagen cDNA driven by different sizes of the upstream region of the beta-casein promoter

To investigate the ability of 1.8 kb or 3.1 kb bovine beta-casein promoter sequences for the expression regulation of transgene in vivo, transgenic mice were produced with human type II collagen gene fused to 1.8 kb and 3.1 kb of bovine beta-casein promoter by DNA microinjection. Five and three transgenic founder mice were produced using transgene constructs with 1.8 kb and 3.1 kb of bovine beta-casein promoters respectively. Founder mice were outbred with the wild type to produce F1 and F2 progenies. Total RNAs were extracted from four tissues (mammary gland, liver, kidney, and muscle) of female F1 transgenic mice of each transgenic line following parturition. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression level of transgene was variable among the transgenic lines, but transgenic mice containing 1.8 kb of promoter sequences exhibited more leaky expression of transgene in other tissues compared to those with 3.1 kb promoter. Moreover, Western blot analysis of transgenic mouse milk showed that human type II collagen proteins secreted into the milk of lactating transgenic mice contained 1.8 kb and 3.1 kb of bovine beta-casein promoter. These results suggest that promoter sequences of 3.1 kb bovine beta-casein gene can be used for induction of mammary gland-specific expression of transgenes in transgenic animals.     

Increased Milk Yield in Transgenic Mice Expressing Insulin-like Growth Factor 1

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates many of the actions of growth hormone. Overexpression of IGF-1 was reported to have endocrine and paracrine/autocrine effects on somatic growth in transgenic mice. To study the paracrine/autocrine effects of IGF-1 in mammary gland, transgenic mice were produced by pronuclear microinjection of a construct containing a bovine α-lactalbumin (α-LA) promoter linked to an ovine IGF-1 cNDA. This α-LA promoter has previously been shown to direct expression of a human factor VIII gene specifically to the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Three transgenic mouse lines were established as a result of microinjection of 398 embryos. Transgene expression was found in mammary gland at day 1 of lactation from these three lines. Progeny test were carried out by mating two transgenic males/one transgenic female to two nontransgenic females/one nontransgenic male. Mice from one line (line 1225) were all nonexpressors and the other (line 1372) failed to produce offspring. Milk yield was analyzed in the line 1137 that produced 10 mice, of which three were transgenic females and three nontransgenic females. All of the three transgenic females showed integration of the transgene and expressed transgene IGF-1 mRNA in the mammary gland. Milk yields from days 5, 10, and 15 of lactation were significant greater in transgenic expressors than in their nontransgenic littermates. Specifically, there is 17.9% increase in total milk yield from these three days for transgenics compared with nontransgenics. These results demonstrate that local overexpression of IGF-1 in transgenic mice is capable to stimulating milk yield during the first lactation.     

乳腺特异高表达人促红细胞生成素转基因奶山羊的制备

目的制备乳腺特异性高表达人促红细胞生成素（hEPO）转基因奶山羊。方法采用牛β-乳球蛋白基因（BLG）调控元件和hEPO全长编码序列基因组DNA构建真核表达载体,应用受精卵原核注射的方法制备hEPO转基因山羊。结果在原核注射获得的188头羔羊中,经Southern blot法检测有4头羊含有hEPO基因,其中3头为母羊,1头公羊于出生后20d死亡;3头转基因母羊hEPO基因的拷贝数分别为1、10、2;Western blot检测结果显示转基因羊乳中的hEPO分子质量为32kDa;MTT法检测结果表明,在泌乳10d的3只转基因羊乳汁中,每毫升乳汁中hEPO活性分别达到1.17×10^2IU、1.90×10^4IU、1.91×10^4IU。结论牛BLG能够调控hEPO基因在山羊乳腺中高表达,为实现其他药用蛋白在山羊乳腺中表达奠定了基础。     

心脏特异性高表达hAPE1基因小鼠的构建与鉴定

本研究拟建立心脏特异性表达hAPE1转基因小鼠,为研究hAPE1基因功能及其突变与心脏发育和心血管疾病的关系提供工具动物。将人APE1(human APE1,hAPE1)基因插入到心脏特异性启动子α-肌球蛋白重链(α-MHC)下游,构建了心肌细胞特异性表达hAPE1的转基因表达载体,显微注射法导入C57BL/6J小鼠受精卵中,经胚胎移植获得转基因首建者小鼠,建立hAPE1转基因小鼠,PCR鉴定转基因小鼠基因型,Western blotting鉴定h APE1蛋白在心脏中的表达并筛选高表达的转基因品系。研究表明,将含有心肌细胞特异性α-MHC启动子和hAPE1基因的转基因载体进行显微注射于小鼠胚胎中,接着将胚胎移植入假孕母鼠的输卵管中发育,建立了心脏组织特异性高表达hAPE1转基因小鼠品系,获得子代小鼠40只。PCR检测发现有15只小鼠在其基因组上整合有hAPE1基因,Western blotting检测hAPE1在这些小鼠心脏中高度特异性表达。本研究成功获得了在小鼠心肌细胞中特异性表达hAPE1的转基因小鼠,为研究基因在心脏发育与相关疾病中的功能提供了有利的工具。     

表达人尿激酶原突变体的重组山羊乳腺特异性表达慢病毒载体的构建

目的：构建山羊乳腺特异性表达尿激酶原突变体的重组慢病毒载体,证明其表达的有效性。方法：将劳氏肉瘤病毒增强子／启动子、复制缺陷型人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的5′端长重复序列（LTR）、HIV-1ψ包装信号、HIVRev反应元件、山羊β-酪蛋白调控序列、尿激酶原M13cDNA、AU3／3′LTR、牛生长激素（BGH）基因poly（A）依次连接,构建乳腺特异性表达的慢病毒载体,通过体外转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、中国仓鼠卵巢细胞及泌乳山羊乳腺注射证明其表达有效性。结果：酶切鉴定证实山羊乳腺特异性表达载体构建正确;将该载体转染细胞,采用溶圈法和Western印迹检测证实了其表达的有效性;慢病毒载体注射到泌乳山羊的乳腺,在乳汁中也检测到了尿激酶原的表达。结论：为在转基因动物乳腺中表达尿激酶原突变体奠定了基础。