无籽罗汉果的组织培养和快速繁殖

以无籽罗汉果优良株系的幼嫩茎段为试验材料,经消毒处理后,剪成带一个腋芽的茎段,在MS＋6-BA0．5mg·L^-1＋NAA0．05mg.L^-1培养基上进行培养,获得无菌芽苗,再以无菌芽苗的单芽茎段为外植体,建立无籽罗汉果的组培快繁体系。结果表明,最佳继代增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA0．5mg·L^-1＋IBA0．2mg·^-1＋GA30．03mg·L^-1,30d的增殖系数为16．4;芽苗伸长的最适培养基为MS＋6-BA0．05mg.L^-1＋IBA0．1mg·L^-1＋GA30．1mg·L^-1;芽苗生根的最适培养基为1／2MS＋IBA0．5mg·L^-1：炼苗后,移入蛭石：珍珠岩：熟土=1：1：2（v／v／v）的基质中,成活率达98．1％。该体系的建立为无籽罗汉果规模化生产提供了技术平台。     

干扰素α-1b联合阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎疗效分析

目的：探讨干扰素α-1b联合阿德福韦酯（Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets,ADV）治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎（ChronichepatitisB,CHB）患者临床疗效。方法：随即将120例CHB患者分为3组：单用ADV组（A组）40例;单用IFNa-1b组（B组）40例;IFNα-1b和ADV联合治疗组（c组）40例,疗程48周。分别于治疗12周、24周和48周时查ALT复常率,HIhAg血清转换率,乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitisBvirus,HBV）DNA阴转率。其中各组中10人于治疗前及治疗48周行肝穿刺活检术,观察病理改变,根据炎症活动度（G）和纤维化程度（S）进行计分,同时采用纤维化半定量计分系统（sss）评分。结果：A组和B组ALT复常率,24周：X^2=4．80、7．92,48周：X^2=3．97、6．51,P均〈0．05;HBeAg转换率,24周：X^2=12.25、4．17,48周：X^2=-14．57、4．94。P均〈0．01;HBVDNA转阴率。24周：X2=-3．74、9．77,48周：X^2=6．98、11．95,P均〈0．05。c组24周和48周后ALT复常率分别为65．0％和87．5％,HBeAg转换率为35．0％和45．0％,HBVDNA阴转率为75．5％和92．5％,显著高于A组和B组。组织学肝纤维化各项评分结果联合治疗组均优于单药组,差异有统计学意Y,．（SSS：t=-23．26、48．98;G：t=-53．88、94．30;S：t=-60．00、82．05,P均〈0．01）。结论：IFN联合ADV治疗CHB患者可协同抑制HBV复制,显著提高抗HBV疗效,且无明显不良反应。是一种有效的治疗方法。     

小切口微创手术治疗新鲜跟腱断裂的临床价值

目的：探讨小切口微创手术治疗新鲜跟腱断裂的一晦床价值。方法：选取我院新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂患者50例,随机分为实验组和对照组各25例。实验组行小切口手术,对照组行常规切口手术。术后对患者进行随访,采用美国足踝协会（AOFAS）推荐的评分标准对患者术后功能恢复情况进行评价,观察并记录完全恢复患者例数、完全恢复时间、小腿最大周长差和术后并发症发生情况。结果：实验组AOFAS评分为（98．6±9．7）分,痊愈率96．00％,痊愈时间（20．2±3．2）周,两侧小腿最大周长差为（0．79＋0．68）cm,共有1例患者出现并发症,并发症发生率8％;而对照组的AOFAS评分为（91．4±11．5）分,痊愈率92．00％,痊愈时间（22．4±3．8）周,两侧小腿最大周长差为（0．91~0．76）cm;共有6例患者出现并发症,并发症的发生率为24％。两组患者的痊愈率、两侧小腿最大周长差比较差异无统计学意义（痊愈率：x2=-0．355,P=0．552;侧小腿最大周长差：t=O．588,P=0．559）;而与对照组比较,实验组AOFAS评分明显升高,完全恢复时间明显缩短,术后并发症的发生率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（AOFAS评：t=2．393,P=0．021;恢复时间：t=2．150,P=0．037;并发症发生率：xⅫ．153,P=0．042）。结论：小切口手术与常规切口手术治疗新鲜跟腱断裂的疗效相当,但小切口手术术后恢童时间曼短．并发症更少．临床价值相对更高．     

传统CA V 方案与金喜素联合顺铂治疗小细胞 肺癌疗效回顾对比分析

目的：分组比较传统CAV方案（环磷酰胺＋阿霉素＋长春新硷）和金喜素和顺铂方案对小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果。方法：通过分组对比分析164例小细胞肺癌患者连续三次应用传统CAV（环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新硷）方案和连续三次应用金喜素联合顺铂方案化疗,检测肿块横径与直径缩小程度。比较两个方案对小细胞肺癌的治疗作用。结果：金喜素联合顺铂方案对小细胞肺癌总有效率达56.5％,传统CAV方案总有效率41.8％,两组比较有明显统计学意义（x^2=18.4〉16．27,v=3,p〈0．001）,两组毒副反应比较无统计学意义（x^2=5.62〈9．49,v=4,p〉0．05）。结论：金喜素联合顺铂方案对小细胞肺癌较传统CAV方案有更明显的疗效,值得临床应用。     

大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的制备性分离

经系统分离得到大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的混合物后,取该混合物约1g,用少量的氯仿溶解,加入少量的层析用硅胶（100～200目）拌匀,减压使氯仿蒸干。将吸附有大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的硅胶装在已装好的硅胶层析柱的上端,然后进行洗脱。通过实验,得到了最佳分离大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的条件：硅胶与混合物的质量比=150：1;层析柱长与直径的比=23：1;洗脱剂比例：石油醚（60～90℃）：乙酸乙酯（V/V）=17：1;减压淋洗。     

Nd:YAG激光治疗特殊部位尖锐湿疣的疗效观察

目的：观察Nd：YAG激光治疗位于尿道口、阴道口、肛门及肛周的难治性尖锐湿疣的疗效。方法：将61例特殊部位的尖锐湿疣的患者随机分为实验组（31例）和对照组（30例）,实验组采用Nd：YAG激光机治疗,对照组采用普通CO2激光治疗机,随访半年观察两组的创面愈合情况、治愈率及复发率。结果：采用Nd：YAG激光治疗的实验组一次治愈率为80．64％,高于对照组的一次治愈率56．67％（x^2=4．087,P〈0．05）,但两组的总治愈率无显著性差异（x^2=1．198,P〉0．05）。实验组复发率为22．58％,低于对照组的复发率46．67％。两者有显著性差异（x^2=3．918,P〈0．05）。激光术后第5天实验组的愈合率45．16％高于对照组的愈合率20．00％,两者有显著性差异（x^2=4．380,P〈0．05）;第7天实验组的愈合率为87．09％高于对照组的愈合率60．00％,两者有显著性差别（x^2=4．469,P〈0．05）;第10天实验组的患者全部愈合,愈合率为100％,高于对照组的愈合率83．33％（P=0．024〈0．05）。结论：Nd：YAG激光治疗特殊部位尖锐湿疣效果好,创面愈合快,复发率低。     

忍冬藤挥发性成分研究

目的：研究忍冬藤中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取忍冬藤（Loruicera japonica Thunb）挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：鉴定出89个化学成分,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为芳樟醇（Linalool L）7．98％,丹皮酚（Paeonal）3．73％,苯甲醛（BenzaJ-dehyde）3．46％,壬醛（Nonanal（CAS））3．19％,3-乙烯基吡啶（Pyridine,3-Ethenyl）3．11％,正庚醛（N-Heptanal）2．56％,3-羟基-1-辛烯（1-Octen-3-ol（CAS））2．02％。结论：89个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究 Ⅰ.碱性蛋白酶高产菌的筛选及产酶条件初探

从成都佳丰食品厂等处采集的样品中平板分离初筛到124株碱性蛋白酶产生菌,进一步复筛出一株高产,且稳定的碱性蛋白酶产生菌株B．L．JF-ld,初步鉴定为地衣穿孢杆菌（Bacilluslicheniformis）。该菌的最适产酶条件为：培养基（％）为麦芽糖7．5,酵母膏3,NaCl0．5,K2HPO4·3H2O0．53,NaHPO4·2H2O0．03,Na2CO30．056,MnSO4l×10－4mol／L,pH8．7,通气量为（1：0．5）～（1：1）（v／v）,37℃发酵40h,酶活力单位高达7180U／ml。     

保健食品中红景天甙含量测定及其稳定性研究

测定保健食品中红景天甙的含量以控制产品质量。采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱;以乙腈-水（1：9）为流动相,流速为1.0mL／min,检测波长为280nm。结果表明红景天甙在0．4—4．0μg范围内呈线性关系,平均回收率（n=6）为98．96％（RSD=1.16％）。该方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于保健食品中红景天甙的质量控制。     

血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对冠脉介入治疗术后1年不良事件的预测价值

目的：探讨冠脉介入治疗（PCI）术后1年不良心血管事件与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（rtDL-C）水平变化的关系。方法：本研究收集2009年1月至2010年1月我科收治的435例冠心病且接受PCI治疗患者的一般资料、PCI术后1年随访临床终点,按HDL-C水平分为三组：HDL-C〉1．55mmol／L,HDL-C1．04—1．55mmol／L,I-IDL-C〈1．04／L,比较组间1年临床结果差异,并用多元回归方法分析PCI术后1年死亡的影响因素。结果：HDL-C水平的更低患者相对年轻（69_3±9．5VS65．5±9．2VS62．8±9．2,p=0．007）,同时合并吸烟（14．5％VS13．O％VS24．6％扩0．002）、糖尿痛（23．4％VS27．8％V836．6％,P=0．019）、LVEF〈30％（2．4％VS5．3％VS4．9％’p=0．020）,接受急诊PCI比例更高（4．8％VS6．5％VS7．0％d）=0．034）;且PCI术后1年死亡（2．4％VS2．4％VS6．3％,p=0．008）、再血管化（20．2％VS21．9％VS25．4％,p=0．022）、再次心源性入院（30．6％VS32．0％VS37．3％,p=0．013）、术后6m内心绞痛复发（20．2％VS20．1％VS22．5％,p=0．038）的比例均更高。结论：HDL-C〈1．04mmol／L是导致冠心病患者接受PC术后1年死亡的独立危险因素。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.