贡嘎山森林生物量和生产力的研究

对贡嘎山苞槲柯、香桦林,铁杉、槭、桦杉,峨眉冷杉林Ⅰ,峨眉冷杉林Ⅱ和鳞皮冷杉林的生物量和生产力进行了研究。它们的生物量分别是220．082t·hm-2、568．008t·hm－2、544．519t·hm-2、282．558t·hm-2和279．819t·hm－2;它们的生产力分别是9．962t·hm-2·a-1、10．067t·hm－2·a－1、12．936t·hm-2·a-1、4．692t·hm-2·a-1和1．389t·hm-2·a－1。通过对贡嘎山森林生物量和生产力与生态因素的相关分析表明,年降水量是制约森林生物量和生产力的主导因子。     

中国杉木林生物生产力格局及其数学模型

 根据大量的样地材料,从宏观上阐明了杉木林生物生产力的地理分布格局和水热相关规律,建立的生产力地理分布模型客观地反映了杉木高产林区的地理分布规律。根据限制因子作用律建立了杉木林生物生产力水热优化模型,模型显示杉木林生长最适宜的水热组合环境为：年均气温16～17℃,年降水量1700～1900mm,温暖指数145—150℃月,潜在蒸散量920～930mm,这时杉木林乔木层的生产力达17～18t·hm-2·a-1,全林生产力达21～22t·hm-2·a-1。     

西双版纳原始热带湿性季节雨林生物量及净初级生产

应用生物量回归模型和生产力方程,研究了西双版纳原始热带湿性季节雨林生物量及净初级生产量（NPP）。雨林总生物量为692．590t·hm-2,总生物量分配为：乔木层占98．66％、灌木层占0．76％、木质藤本层占0．50％、草本层占0．09％,生物量主要集中于乔木层。雨林年平均NPP为25．764t·hm-2·a－1,其中各层次的NPP分别为（t·hm-2·a－1）：乔木层23．972（占总NPP的93．04％）、灌木层0．749（占2．91％）、木质藤本层0．431（占1．67％）和草本层0．612（占2．38％）。乔木层NPP分配为（t·hm－2·a-1）：凋落量11．566、叶虫食量0．694和生物量增量11．712。结果表明：西双版纳虽地处热带北缘,当地原始热带湿性季节雨林同样具有典型热带雨林一样高的生物量和NPP。     

鼎湖山南亚热带森林细根生产力与周转

 报道了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林和针阔叶混交林群落0～40cm土层中细根(≤2mm和2～5mm)的现存量、死亡量、生产力和周转率,并比较了用“连续钻取土芯法”和“埋无根土柱法”来估算表层土(0～20cm)细根生产力的差异。结果表明：在0～40cm土层中,季风常绿阔叶林≤2mm和2～5mm细根现存量分别为6.59t·hm-2和4.81t·hm-2,死根比率各为29.9％和22.9％;针阔叶混交林≤2mm和2～5mm细根现存量分别为5.35t·hm-2和4.24t·hm-2,死根比率各为34.4％和24.0％。细根现存量的季节性变化不显著。季风常绿阔叶林细根年分解量、年死亡量和年净生产力分别为0.90,1.59,2.65t·hm-2·a-1 (≤2mm)和0.41,0.63,1.25t·hm-2·a-1(2～5mm),针阔叶混交林的相应数值各为0.80,1.4l,2.42t·hm-2·a-1(≤2mm)和0.37,0.62,1.21t·hm-2·a-1(2～5mm)。季风常绿阔叶林细根年周转率为0.57 (≤2mm)和0.34次·a-1(2～5mm),针阔叶混交林分别为0.69(≤2mm)和0.38次·a-1(2～5mm)。     

暖温带落叶阔叶林碳循环的初步估算

 森林生态系统碳循环过程与大气中二氧化碳含量有密切的关系,直接影响着大气成分的组成,进而对全球气候变化有重要影响。以我国暖温带落叶阔叶林生态系统近10年的定位研究为基础,初步建立了该类生态系统碳循环数值模式。结果表明：暖温带落叶阔叶林典型生态系统每年从外界主要是大气中吸收的碳是10.3 t·hm-2·a-1,植物呼吸释放到大气中的碳通量为5.5 t·hm-2·a-1。森林植物干物质积存的碳量为4.8 t·hm-2·a-1,通过凋落物分解释放到大气中的碳通量为2.46 t·hm-2·a-1。森林同化的碳绝大部分以活生物呼吸和凋落物分解的形式释放到大气中去了,存留在活生物体和凋落物中的很少。通过对碳现存量的研究发现,所研究的森林生态系统碳现存量为165.05 t·hm-2,其中活生物体碳现存量为61.2 t·hm-2,死生物体碳现存量为104.05 t·hm-2 (包括土壤中碳),土壤碳现存量为96 t·hm-2。土壤碳储量占总碳储量的58%,土壤是该地区森林生态系统主要的碳库,森林生态系统土壤中碳储量的变化必然引起整个区域碳储量整体动态的变化。     

秦岭巴山冷杉林粗死木质残体研究

 对秦岭巴山冷杉林粗死木质残体的研究表明：1)林内粗死木质残体的现存量为15.848t·hm-2,平均死亡增枯量1.877t·hm-2·a-1,平均分解量1.310t·hm-2·a-1,周转时间约为12.09年;2)粗死木质残体在碳素和养分的保持方面具有一定作用,在野生动植物生境构成中的作用较大。     

湖南会同红栲-青冈-刨花楠群落生物生产力的研究

用回归分析方法 ,对我国亚热带湖南会同红栲 青冈 刨花楠群落的生物生产力进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,林分总生物量为 45 1.0 2t·hm-2 ,其中乔木层、灌木层和藤本生物量分别为 42 6 .76、17.76和 1.80t·hm-2 ,枯枝落叶层现存量为 4.70t·hm-2 ,乔木层净生产量和平均生产量分别为 34.46t·hm-2 ·年 -1、13 .32t·hm-2 ·年 -1.     

任豆林的生物量和光能利用率

 本文研究了粤北石灰岩地区以任豆(Zenia insignis)为主的自然林(萌生34年)的生产能力,并与任豆人工林(6年生)作对照。结果表明,在1992年7月调查时,自然林和人工林的现存生物量分别是125.38和10.34t·hm-2;平均增长量为3.69和1.72t·hm-2·a-1;木材蓄积量为86.35和9.93m3·hm-2;其乔木层总生产力为84284和21510kJ·m-2·a-1;对光合有效辐射能的利用效率为5.43％和1.39％。反映了任豆自然林现存生物量和生产力比鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林(同龄萌生林,在1991年11月调查)现存生物量196t·hm-2低,而比热带和亚热带半干早区森林植物量分别107和98.7t·hm-2高。任豆人工林因盖度和叶面积指数比自然林低,故总生产力和光能利用率也比较低,说明任豆人工林尚有较高的生产潜力。     

南亚热带鹤山主要人工林生态系统C、N累积及分配格局的模拟研究

 以南亚热带鹤山的马占相思（Acacia mangium）、湿地松（Pinus elliotii）和荷木（Schima uperba）3种代表性人工林生态系统为对象,利用气象、水文、土壤及植物等方面的资料对CENTURY模型进行了参数化,模拟了3种人工林生态系统1985～2100年的C、N累积动态及其分配格局变化,并利用实测资料对模拟结果进行了独立样本的双尾t检验,模拟值与实测值之间没有显著差异（p=0.995）。模拟结果表明,马占相思林的净初级生产力（NPP）呈指数函数形式下降,约在20龄（2005年）时趋于稳定;荷木林的NPP持续缓慢增加;湿地松林的NPP基本维持恒定;20龄以前3种林分的年均NPP分别为12.2 t·hm-2·a-1、6.7 t·hm-2·a-1和2.5 t·hm-2·a-1。马占相思林生物量呈对数函数形式增加,20龄后增加很少;荷木林与湿地松林的生物量呈直线增加,约在2050年时,荷木林的NPP和生物量将超过马占相思林;2100年时马占相思、荷木与湿地松林的生物量将分别达到252.7 t·hm-2、352.4t·hm-2和226.3t·hm-2。荷木林具有更大C累积潜力。3种人工林生态系统的N累积动态与其生物量累积动态相似,但马占相思林生态系统的N累积量远高于荷木林与湿地松林,至2100年时它们的N累积量将分别达到7.2t·hm-2、1.9t·hm-2和2.2t·hm-2。3种林分的C、N随着林分的发育将更多地分配到茎、枝和根部。马占相思林的叶C、N累积量约在2005年后分别下降1.85t·hm-2和0.20t·hm-2,荷木林的叶C、N累积则分别增加0.09t·hm-2和0.05 t·hm-2,湿地松林叶C、N累积分别增加0.57t·hm-2和0.02 t·hm-2,这一模拟结果显示了马占相思林冠层萎缩的内在原因。外来树种组成的马占相思林先锋群落冠层衰退过早,阳生性灌木的大量入侵和定居可能会滞缓地带性森林植被的恢复进程。因此认为我国南亚热带地区进行地带性森林植被恢复时,先锋森林群落的构建应以荷木等本地树种为主。     

西双版纳热带季节雨林生态系统氮的生物地球化学循环研究

 用小流域集水区和物质平衡方法,于1999年对西双版纳热带季节雨林生态系统的氮素循环进行了初步研究。西双版纳季节雨林生态系统的氮库总储量为6 481.2 kg·hm-2,其中活体生物量、凋落物层和土壤（0～30 cm）中的氮储量分别为970.9、37.7、5 481.2 kg·hm-2。土壤中的氮占生态系统氮总储量的84.4%,活体生物量占15.0%,凋落物层仅占0.6%。结果表明季节雨林的氮主要分布在土壤中,而在生物量中只占很少部分。大气降水、林内穿透水、树干流及地表径流的氮含量分别为0.565、0.828、0.983和1.042 mg·dm-3,氮通量则分别为8.89、10.97、3.57、5.95 kg·hm-2·a-1。大气降水输入氮8.89 kg·hm-2·a-1,径流输出氮5.95 kg·hm-2·a-1, 收支平衡（输入—输出）为2.94 kg·hm-2·a-1。氮的生物循环：吸收为149.86 kg·hm-2·a-1,存留为69.30 kg·hm-2·a-1,归还为80.56 kg·hm-2·a-1,循环系数为0.54。结果表明未受干扰的季节雨林生态系统处于氮积累的状态,有利于该生态系统的稳定与持续发展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.