中国特有濒危植物白豆杉生长地的土壤性状分析

白豆杉(Pseudotaxus chienii)是我国特有珍稀濒危植物, 其生长地的土壤表现出明显的异质性。为此, 对分布在浙江龙门顶、广西大明山、湖南张家界、江西三清山及福建武夷山的白豆杉种群的生长地进行了土壤取样和成分分析。共测定了包括水分、pH 值、有机质、全N、P 等在内的19 个土壤因子, 并对其展开主成分和聚类分析。结果显示, 白豆杉生长地的土壤呈酸性; 除Zn 和Si 外, 其他因子在各个生长地的含量变异不大。确定pH 值、有机质、电导率、土壤新鲜水含量、土壤干燥水含量、K、Si 和P 为影响白豆杉生长的土壤因子。浙江龙门顶、福建武夷山、广西大明山和湖南张家界的土壤相似性高, 而江西三清山的土壤与它们相差较远。这些结果为进一步探究白豆杉对异质性土壤的适应性奠定了基础。     

白豆杉的叶绿体基因组结构与系统进化分析

以红豆杉科单种属植物白豆杉(Pseudotaxus chienii(W.C.Cheng)W.C.Cheng)为材料,进行叶绿体全基因组测序,并对其基因含量、结构及重复序列进行分析.结果显示:白豆杉叶绿体基因组不包含典型的反向重复区,基因组全长为130427 bp,共编码116个基因,包含83个蛋白编码基因、4个rRNA...     

从化学成分探讨白豆杉属的系统位置

白豆杉属Pseudotaxus隶属红豆杉科Taxaceae。该属仅一种,即白豆杉Pseudotaxus chienii(Cheng)Cheng,是我国特有单种属植物之一。关于白豆杉属的系统位置,多年来一直有不同的看法。笔者通过对白豆杉化学成分的研究结果与文献报道的红豆杉科各属植物中存在的生物碱、萜类、黄酮,木脂素、葸醌、甾体、芳香族化合物、精油及其它类成分对照分析,发现除一些基本的次生代谢产物,如甾体、芳香族化合物等有些相似外,其他成分的差别很大,白豆杉属植物中未发现在红豆杉属各种植物中广泛分布的紫杉烷和双共酮类化合物。又结合国外学者在植物的花粉形态、种子蛋白和针叶过氧化酶谱,以及一些特征成分,如双黄酮化合物在各属代表种中的分布等方面的研究结果和观点,对白豆杉属的系统位置进行了初步探讨,认为将其从红豆杉族中分出,单独成立白豆杉族Pseudotaxeae较为合适。     

白豆杉叶精油成分的研究与化学分类

白豆杉属Pseudotaxus Cheng属裸子植物红豆杉科Taxaceae。 该属仅有一种,即白 豆杉Pseudotaxus chienii(Cheng)Cheng。 关于红豆杉科在松柏类植物中应该占据什么 地位问题,一直持有不同意见。为此,作者从化学角度对红豆杉科各属有关植物化学成份进 行研究。我们曾报道白豆杉枝干中的一重要特征成份—铁杉树脂醇(tsugalacton,tsugare- sinol)(马忠武等1982)。为了获得更多的化学证据,我们又从白豆杉叶的精油中分离了38个 成份,鉴定了其中的33个成份。就其组成比看,其特点是柠檬烯、α-蒎烯和δ-3-蒈烯的总含 量占整个精油成份的1／3以上。这一精油成份的组成特征与红豆杉科榧属植物香榧Torreya grandis cv．‘Merrillii’ 树叶精油成份的组成特征(何关福等1986)是一致的。     

采用生态位模拟预测濒危植物白豆杉5个时期的适宜分布区

采用生态位模拟研究不同时期植物分布区变迁模式,有利于了解植物对气候变化的响应,从而更好地在全球气候背景下保护生物多样性。本研究以中国特有濒危裸子植物白豆杉(Pseudotaxus chienii)为对象,根据野外调查及标本记录确定34个野生分布点,结合5个时期(末次间冰期、末次盛冰期、中全新世、现在和未来) 19个生物气候因子,运用生态位模型对5个时期白豆杉的潜在分布区进行重建。结果表明:白豆杉在5个时期的地理分布均与降水有密切关系,其中最干月份雨量是影响该物种分布最重要的气候因子,说明白豆杉适应潮湿气候和较短的旱季;在末次间冰期,白豆杉在中国东南呈大面积分布;在末次盛冰期,白豆杉分布区往浙江、福建和贵州东部扩张,江西、湖南等中部地区最适分布区面积减小;中全新世其适宜分布区面积比末次盛冰期有所减少,相比于末次间冰期其生境片段化更为严重;在未来气候变暖条件下,白豆杉适宜分布区减少,该物种往高海拔山地收缩,低海拔(约600 m以下)的适宜区基本消失。本文通过生态位模拟对白豆杉5个时期分布区进行重建,探究气候变化对其分布区变迁的影响,可以为保护濒危植物白豆杉提供有效依据。     

白豆杉的核型和性染色体的研究

白豆杉pseudotaxus chienii(Cheng)Cheng是我国裸子植物特有属之一,雌雄异常,根尖 细胞染色体分析表明：雌株有一对异形性染色体,异配性别,属ZW型;雄株是同配性别,属ZZ型,雌株的型为2n=2x=24=22m(2SAT ZW) 2T,雄株的核型为2n=2x=24=22m(2SAT ZZ) 2T。Giemsa C-带,显示,Z染色体长短臂均具端带,W染色体不显带。     

贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种［Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var. lanceolata(Feng) Silba］。文中提供4幅参照图片。     

中国红豆杉属及其近缘植物的遗传变异和亲缘关系分析

采用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳技术,对中国产红豆杉属Taxus 3种1变种以及白豆杉Pseudotaxus chienii共12个居群的遗传多样性进行了检测。对7个酶系统9个酶位点的分析结果表明,红豆杉属和 白豆杉的种内遗传多样性水平较高,各类群的多态位点比率(P)为44.4％～77.8％,等位基因平均数 (A)为1．6～2．1,平均期望杂合度(He)和实际观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.065～0.152和0.068～0.111。 根据对等位酶实验结果的分析,结果表明除云南红豆杉T．yunnanensis与红豆杉属其它几个种的遗传 一致度稍低(I=0.727～0.804)外,红豆杉属的其它几个种的遗传一致度较高(0.906～0.995),体现其 亲缘关系很近。笔者建议将红豆杉属的这几个种合并为一个种,并根据地理分布及不同生境发生的变 异在种下设地理宗。同时根据等位酶的实验分析结果,白豆杉和红豆杉属各种的比较有显著差异,支持白豆杉作为单独属Pseudotaxus的处理。     

白豆杉的化学成分分析

白豆杉(pseudotaxus chienii)为我国特有植物,属于红豆杉科(Taxaceae)白豆杉属(pseudotaxus)。本文对白豆杉树皮的化学成分以及就该种植物中是否含有紫杉醇(Taxol)进行分析研究。 并从石油醚提取物中已鉴定出2个化合物,为铁杉树脂醇(Tsugalactone)和1．1．3一三苯基丙烷 (1.1.3-triphenylpropane)。     

贵州茂兰的广翅目昆虫：（广翅目：齿蛉科）

本文记述了贵州茂兰自然保护区的广翅目昆虫2个属3个种,其中包括1新种。模式标本存北京农业大学昆虫标本室。1.花边星齿蛉Protohermes costalos(Walker) 观察标本:1,贵州茂兰板寨(560-570 m),1990-V-14。 分布:贵州、云南、四川、甘肃、北京、安微、浙江、江西、湖南、福建、广东、广西、台湾;印度、锡金、不丹、越南。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.