肝脏去唾液酸糖蛋白受体特异性RNA适配子的SELEX筛选与鉴定

目的获得能够特异性高亲和力结合肝脏特异性去唾液酸糖蛋白受体（asialoglycoprotein receptor,ASGPR）的RNA适配子,为开发诊断和治疗肝脏疾病的靶向性试剂和药物奠定基础。方法合成一个长度为115nt含有25个随机序列的单链DNA随机文库,通过体外转录构建出单链RNA适配子随机文库,以肝脏ASGPR大亚基为靶蛋白,采用SELEX（systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment）技术筛选具有高亲和力的AsGPR特异性RNA适配子;通过膜结合测定实验、凝胶阻滞实验鉴定筛选适配子对靶蛋白的特异性和亲和力。结果经过12轮筛选获得了具有高亲和力的肝脏ASGPR特异性RNA适配子。结论成功地筛选出了具有离亲和力的肝脏ASGPR特异性RNA适配子库。     

非天然氨基酸突变的小鼠RANKL蛋白原核表达及抗血清制备

目的:研究非天然氨基酸突变的小鼠RANKL(m RANKL)蛋白的原核表达,并以表达的蛋白制备抗m RANKL蛋白的抗血清。方法:从小鼠的骨髓中提取总RNA,经PCR扩增m RANKL的胞外段,逆转录合成目的 DNA片段。将目的基因中编码第234位酪氨酸的密码子(TAT)突变成可编码非天然氨基酸p-硝基苯丙氨酸(p NO2Phe)的琥珀密码子(TAG),构建p ET28a-p NO2Phe234m RANKL重组表达载体,与p EVOL质粒共转化至表达菌E.coli BL-21(DE3),诱导表达并纯化。以纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠,制备小鼠抗m RANKL抗血清。采用ELISA测定抗血清效价,用Western Blot测定其特异性。结果:RT-PCR扩增出750bp的RANKL基因,并成功构建了p ET28a-p NO2Phe234m RANKL重组表达载体;p-硝基苯丙氨酸突变的m RANKL蛋白获得成功表达和纯化;以纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠,获得抗m RANKL抗血清,ELISA检测效价为1:6400,Western Blot结果显示该抗血清既可与p-硝基苯丙氨酸突变的m RANKL结合,也可与野生型m RANKL结合。结论:原核表达并纯化了p-硝基苯丙氨酸突变的m RANKL,制备了小鼠抗m RANKL的抗血清,为进一步研究阻断RANKL-RANK通路的新方法奠定了基础。     

靶向磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖1的DNA适配体筛选

目的:筛选获得特异性结合磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖1(GPC1)的单链DNA适配体。方法:合成全长81 nt,中间含39个随机序列的单链寡核苷酸(ss DNA)文库,运用指数富集配基系统进化(SELEX)技术筛选获得GPC1适配体;酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)实验确定候选适配体与GPC1蛋白的亲和力,流式细胞术确定候选适配体与2种GPC1高表达细胞系(胰腺癌Panc-1细胞和工具细胞Luc-ZR-75-1~(GPC1))的结合特异性。结果:经过10轮SELEX筛选获得#9适配体,ELISA分析其亲和力为44±0.69 nmol/L,流式细胞术结果表明其与胰腺癌Panc-1细胞和Luc-ZR-75-1~(GPC1)细胞的阳性结合率分别为44.69%和51.44%。结论:筛选获得与GPC1蛋白有较高亲和力、与表达GPC1细胞系特异结合的ss DNA适配体。     

OPG-HSP65重组蛋白的原核表达及其生物学活性研究

PCR扩增OPG-HSP65基因,构建原核重组表达载体pET-28a－OPG-HSP65,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导表达产生包涵体形式的目的蛋白。对重组蛋白进行Western blot检测表明,重组蛋白能与抗His-Tag单克隆抗体及鼠抗人OPG单克隆抗体特异性结合。对重组蛋白进行尿素洗涤纯化,进而透析、复性。经破骨细胞生长抑制实验和抑炎实验表明,重组蛋白能减少破骨细胞生成及减轻迟发型超敏反应小鼠模型炎症反应。     

小鼠破骨细胞诱导及成纤维生长因子受体表达检测

目的:检测成纤维生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptors,FGFRs)在小鼠破骨细胞中的表达情况,为探讨FGFRs时破骨细胞的直接调控作用奠定基础.方法:采用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony stimulating factor,M-CSF)和破骨细胞分化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand,RANKL)诱导小鼠骨髓单核细胞分化为破骨细胞.提取细胞总RNA后经逆转录获得小鼠破骨细胞cDNA,根据FGFRs基因编码区序列设计的引物进行PCR扩增并对PCR扩增产物进行测序.为进一步验证转录水平的结果,提取细胞总蛋白电泳后进行免疫印迹实验.结果:诱导5d后可见TRAP( )多核细胞出现,小鼠破骨细胞在转录水平和翻译水平均只可检测到FGFR1和FGFR3基因的表达产物.结论:M=CSF和RANKL可成功诱导出小鼠破骨细胞,FGFR1和FGFR3基因在小鼠破骨细胞中均有表达.     

Vasorin蛋白特异单链DNA适配体的筛选与鉴定

目的:筛选能特异识别vasorin(VASN)蛋白的单链DNA(ss DNA)适配体并对其进行鉴定。方法:利用SPRSELEX技术筛选VASN蛋白特异ss DNA适配体,通过基因克隆测序、MEME在线软件和RNA structure软件分析富集文库序列并挑选出候选适配体序列,利用EMSA、ELISA、流式细胞术对候选适配体进行特异性与亲和力鉴定。结果:经过5轮SELEX筛选,获得了与VASN蛋白特异结合的ss DNA适配体富集文库,合成候选适配体,经EMSA和ELISA检测分析,证实适配体V4-2能与VASN蛋白特异结合,而不与无关对照牛血清白蛋白结合,其平衡解离常数为281.3±103.7 nmol/L;流式细胞术证实V4-2能够特异识别高表达VASN蛋白的Hep G2细胞。结论:筛选获得特异识别VASN蛋白的ss DNA适配体V4-2。     

RANKL在成釉细胞瘤骨吸收机制中的作用

目的:检测RANKL在成釉细胞瘤(ameloblastoma,AM)组织中的表达情况及探讨RANKL在AM骨吸收机制中的作用.方法:通过免疫组化方法检测RANKL在AM组织中的表达情况;通过建立AM细胞/新生大鼠骨细胞共培养体系,观察AM细胞诱导破骨细胞形成的活性,再以OPG(RANKL的抑制剂)进行干预,观察OPG对AM细胞诱导破骨细胞形成活性的影响.结果:RANKL在AM组织中有恒定的表达;AM细胞能够诱导新生大鼠骨细胞分化为成熟的破骨细胞,但此活性可被OPG明显抑制.结论:AM细胞诱导破骨细胞形成可能是AM骨吸收过程中局部破骨细胞形成的重要来源和机制,而RANKL在此过程中发挥重要作用.     

CpG ODN 对破骨细胞分化调控作用的研究进展

CpG ODN(CpG oligodeoxynucleotides)是一类可模拟细菌DNA免疫活性效应的寡脱氧核苷酸,其生物学功能受自身结构特征影响。特定序列的CpG ODN可通过与破骨细胞前体、前破骨细胞、成骨细胞表面的TLR9结合,调节RANKL、M-CSF、TNF-a、IL-12、TREM-2等细胞因子的表达水平,促进或抑制破骨细胞的形成与分化。本文就CpG ODN对破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)分化调控作用的研究进展加以综述。     

紫草素抑制破骨细胞分化及改善去卵巢诱导的小鼠骨质疏松

目的:研究紫草素对破骨细胞体外分化的影响,并探讨其对去卵巢(ovariectomized,OVX)诱导的骨质疏松模型小鼠的骨保护作用。方法:体外细胞生物学实验,采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度紫草素对C57BL/6J小鼠骨髓源性单核巨噬细胞的毒性;采用RANKL和M-CSF诱导单核巨噬细胞破骨分化模型,给予不同浓度的紫草素干预后,经TRAP染色对破骨细胞进行形态学观察,并通过Real-Time PCR技术检测破骨细胞特异性基因TRAP、c-Fos和NFATc1的表达。动物体内实验,随机将15只小鼠平均分为假手术组、OVX组、治疗组。造模成功后治疗组给予紫草素干预,假手术组和OVX组以等体积生理盐水处理。连续处理30天后取胫骨,用Micro CT扫描重建观察胫骨近端骨丢失状况。结果:(1)高于250 nmol/L的紫草素显著抑制小鼠单核巨噬细胞生长(P0.01)。(2)不同浓度的紫草素干预能显著抑制体外破骨细胞形成(P0.01)。(3)不同浓度的紫草素干预能显著抑制TRAP,c-Fos和NFATc1等参与破骨细胞分化的重要基因表达(P0.01)。(4)紫草素干预能显著改善去卵巢诱导的骨质疏松模型小鼠的骨丢失(P0.05)。结论:紫草素能在体外抑制破骨细胞分化并在体内改善去卵巢诱导的小鼠骨质疏松。     

重组可溶性核因子κB受体活化因子体外抑制甲状旁腺激素诱导的破骨细胞生成

新近发现的核因子κB受体活化因子配基（receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL）,核因子κB受体活化因子（receptor activator ofnuclear factor-κB,RANK）／护骨素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）细胞因子系统提高了对破骨细胞生物学和骨稳态分子水平的认识。RANKL与RANK之间的相互作用决定了破骨细胞的分化。本研究通过体外实验评价可溶性RANK （soluble RANK,sRANK）是否可作为RANKL的拈抗剂下调破骨细胞生成和骨吸收陷窝的形成。构建sRANK的原核表达载体,转化入大肠杆菌表达菌株Origami B（DE3）,成功表达了重组蛋白,亲和层析进行纯化。重组sRANK以剂量依赖方式抑制由甲状旁腺激素（parathyroid hormone,PTH）诱导的破骨细胞生成和骨吸收陷窝形成。RT-PCR实验证实,sRANK可显著抑制PTH刺激的小鼠骨髓细胞碳酸苷酶Ⅱ和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶mRNA的表达。结果表明,sRANK具有抗骨吸收功能,可能成为一种治疗以骨吸收加强为特征的骨疾病的新方法。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细