应用一步PCR法检测并鉴定马疱疹病毒1型和4型

聚合酶链反应（PCR）可作为一种快速检测并鉴别马疱疹病毒1型（EHV－1）和马疱疹病毒4型（EHV－4）的诊断方法。PCR引物是根据编码EHV－1和EHV－4的糖蛋白B（ gB)基因上的共有的核苷酸序列或型特有的核苷酸序列设计的。利用这两种病毒的型特异性混合引物,在一步PCR反应中检测并鉴别EHV－1和EHV－4,而同一疱疹病毒科的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV－1）、伪狂犬病毒（PRV）、马立克氏病病毒（MDV）均无特异性扩增。应用建立的PCR方法检测了普氏野马流产胎儿病科,实验结果表明,这种PCR方法是一种直接检测并鉴定EHV－1和EHV－4的快速、敏感的诊断方法,同时,它可在一步PCR反应中直接鉴别这两种病毒,可用于病料中EHV－1和EHV－4检测的初步筛选。     

季节性流感病毒H1N1实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立一种快速定量检测季节性流感病毒H1N1核酸的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法及试剂盒。方法选择季节性流感病毒H1N1的保守基因NP基因作为检测靶目标,应用Clustal W软件进行序列同源性比对分析,筛选出季节性流感病毒H1N1特异性的保守序列作为引物候选区域,然后应用Primer Express及PrimerPremier 5.0软件包对候选引物进行进一步配对及筛选,得到最优特异性检测引物。同时,由病毒全长cDNA扩增出NP基因,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测NP基因的扩增情况并对目的条带进行切胶回收及纯化,对回收后的NP全长基因进行核酸浓度测定,并换算成拷贝数,作为定量标准品。结果应用ABI公司的Power SYBR Green PCR MasterMix及StepOne实时荧光定量PCR仪,该检测系统灵敏度可达102 copies/μL,不同梯度标准品间线性关系（R2）达0.999,斜率为-0.3433,扩增效率为95.572%,所有标准品均在83.2℃出现尖且窄的特异性熔解峰。结论利用该检测系统可以快速定量检测季节性流感病毒H1N1,灵敏度高,可用作基础及临床实验室对季节性流感病毒H1N1感染的辅助诊断方法和临床效果的监测手段,对实验操作者要求相对较低,具有实际的应用价值。     

口蹄疫病毒RT-LAMP检测方法的建立

利用逆转录环介导等温核酸扩增技术(RT-LAMP),建立了口蹄疫病毒快速检测方法,同时评价了该方法的灵敏性和特异性。结果表明,根据口蹄疫病毒多聚蛋白基因保守区段设计的LAMP引物能够在65℃下,1 h内实现目标核酸区段的大量扩增,检测结果可直接用肉眼判断。该检测体系具有极高的特异性,只能检测到目标病毒,与其他类似病毒如猪水泡病病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒等无交叉反应,可检测到10-5稀释度的目标病毒核酸量,比普通RT-PCR的灵敏性高100倍,比荧光PCR高10倍。     

埃博拉病毒莱斯顿亚型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

本研究的目的为建立一种灵敏、快速、定量检测埃博拉病毒莱斯顿亚型核酸的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法及试剂盒。首先选择埃博拉病毒莱斯顿亚型的保守基因NP基因作为检测靶目标,筛选出保守序列并设计合成一对特异性引物。然后将连有NP全长基因的重组质粒作为定量标准品,将10倍系列稀释的重组质粒进行荧光定量PCR扩增,绘制标准曲线,并进行重复性、灵敏度及特异性检测。结果显示建立的埃博拉病毒莱斯顿亚型荧光定量PCR检测方法,其灵敏度可达102拷贝/μL,不同梯度标准品间线性关系(R2)达0.997,斜率为-0.3101,扩增效率为110.145%,所有标准品均在79.94℃出现尖且窄的特异性熔解峰。利用该检测系统可以快速定量检测埃博拉病毒莱斯顿亚型核酸,灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于基础及临床实验室对埃博拉病毒莱斯顿亚型感染的快速诊断和临床效果的监测,具有实际的应用价值。     

荧光定量PCR检测人巨细胞病毒的方法学建立

目的建立人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）的TaqMan MGB探针荧光定量PCR（FQ—PCR）检测方法。方法选取HCMV MIE exon4为PCR扩增靶序列,经TA克隆构建重组质粒作为定量标准品,经FQ—PCR反应条件的优化及方法学评价,再将其应用于临床检测。结果FQ—PCR最适循环参数为：95℃ 5 min;95℃ 20 s,60℃ 60 s（40 cycles）,20μl最适反应体系为：2．0mmol／L Mg^2＋、0．5μmol／L引物、1．5μmol／L探针、200μmol／L dNTP、2110×buffer、1．0 U Taq酶、2．0μl DNA模板。检测批内CV（变异系数）值为1．32％,批间CV值为1．96％;特异性较好;线性范围为10^2-10^8copies／μl。结论成功地建立了检测HCMV的FQ—PCR法,完全适用于临床检测。     

红鲫C1HD近交系RAPD标记的建立

目的建立红鲫C1HD近交系的RAPD标记。方法从80条随机引物中筛选出20条扩增效果和多态性较好的引物,对8尾红鲫C1HD近交系和8尾普通红鲫基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增。结果S333引物扩增出一条特异性条带,大小约为2.1 kb。结论S333引物扩增出的特异性条带可以作为区分普通红鲫与红鲫C1HD近交系的分子遗传标记。     

10种冬青属植物遗传多样性RAPD和AFLPs分析

采用RAPD和AFLP技术,对10种冬青属植物基因组进行DNA片段扩增,以研究该属种间遗传多样性.结果表明:在RAPD分析中,通过对100种10个碱基随机引物的筛选,发现11种引物能得到多态性较高扩增产物,11种引物共扩增出301条多态性条带,多态率为98.63%.在AFLP分析中,3对选择性引物组合均扩增出了丰富的多态性片段.利用RAPD和AFLP技术分析,结果按UPGMA类平均法进行聚类,聚类结果显示冬青和代茶冬青,木姜冬青和浙江冬青以及光枝刺缘冬青与毛枝三花冬青之间的亲缘关系最近.     

16份石榴RAPD扩增产物的两种电泳方法检测及其序列特征

本实验以16个石榴品种为实验材料,筛选出10个重复性及多态性均较好的引物进行RAPD分析。分别采用琼脂糖凝胶以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)电泳检测方法对PCR扩增结果进行检测并对其结果进行比较,结果显示,两种电泳方式均能得到较为清晰的扩增条带,且两种电泳方式获得的条带总数及多态性条带数均有所不同,琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法共检测出76条带,其中有43条为多态性谱带,多态性比率为56.4%;而在PAGE电泳方法共检测出123条谱带,多态性谱带数为87条,多态性比率为70.95%。PAGE电泳方法检测出的条带数约为琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测出条带数的1.5倍。基于两种电泳方法所得RAPD标记的多态性位点,利用NYSYS软件计算遗传相似系数,并构建遗传关系聚类图,分析结果显示,石榴遗传多样性丰富,两种电泳方法所得聚类结果大致相同,可以利用RAPD分子标记及两种电泳检测方法对不同数量的石榴进行分子水平的品种鉴定和遗传多样性的分析。同时通过对来自几个引物随机挑选的17个片段进行克隆,测序结果显示17个片段都是对应引物的RAPD扩增产物,其中有3条是编码蛋白的基因片段,表明了RAPD不仅扩增基因组上的非编码蛋白序列,同时也可以扩增编码蛋白的基因片段,这为更好地认识RAPD技术的实质以及促进石榴产业的发展提供了理论依据。     

大麻性别的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用随机扩增多态性DNA（random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术获得与大麻性别连锁的分子标记,将10株雄性大麻或10株雌性麻的单个DNA样品等量混合分别组成雄性或雌性DNA池（DNApool),以提供具有相同遗传背景的雄,雄性DNA样品。每个随机引物分别用三个不同的循环程序进行PCR扩增,在30个随机引物中,用引物S401扩增得到一条约2．5kb雄性多态性片段,对该片段进行了克隆和序列分析 ,并根据序列分析结果将上述RAPD分子标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的SCAR（Sequence characterized amplified regions)分子标记。     

基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒可视化基因芯片与荧光基因芯片的建立

根据GenBank中收录的基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒E蛋白基因序列,设计及筛选针对2种病毒的寡核苷酸探针及引物,制备基孔肯雅病毒与辛德毕斯病毒可视化基因芯片与荧光基因芯片,对芯片的灵敏性、特异性进行了验证,并将可视化基因芯片、荧光基因芯片进行灵敏性比较.结果显示,制备的两种基因芯片都能检测到基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒特异性杂交信号.可视化基因芯片、荧光基因芯片检测两种病毒质粒的灵敏度达到9.1×103 copies/mL, 6.8×101 copies/mL和9.1×104 copies/mL, 6.8×103 copies/mL,与普通PCR比较差异显著. 荧光基因芯片灵敏度是PCR方法的10倍,可视化基因芯片是荧光基因芯片灵敏度的100倍. 模拟病毒检测过程特异性检验证明,可视化基因芯片都具有良好的特异性.本试验建立了基孔肯雅病毒与辛德毕斯病毒两种特异的可视化和荧光基因芯片检测方法,两种方法灵敏度高、特异性强,适用于基孔肯雅病毒与辛德毕斯病毒的流行病学调查和种特异性鉴定.     

Deletion of a large genomic segment in tobacco varieties that are resistant to potato virus Y (PVY)

Recessive alleles (va, va ¹ , va ² , etc) of the tobacco Va locus confer resistance to potato virus Y (PVY). To elucidate the mechanism underlying this resistance, we attempted to identify randomly amplified polymorphic (RAPD) markers that reveal polymorphism between two nearly isogenic lines (NILs) that differ in their susceptibility to PVY. Using each of 500 primers and 800 pairs of primers, we identified over 100 RAPD fragments that differed between the NILs. We applied these RAPD primers or primer combinations to an F₂ population obtained from a cross between the susceptible line BY4 and the resistant va ² -bearing NIL, F55. It was found that only 10 RAPD markers were polymorphic between resistant and susceptible plants. Unexpectedly, these markers were all linked to Va. All 10 RAPD markers were present in all 8 susceptible varieties tested. At least one RAPD marker was not detected in 8 out of 10 resistant varieties. Southern analysis revealed that the sequences of markers were not present in the genomes of resistant varieties, and the markers were found in individually distinct positions on the chromosomes of susceptible tobacco varieties. These results strongly suggest that the resistance conferred by va is due to deletions at the Va locus governing susceptibility to PVY. Received: 20 May 1999 / Accepted: 17 August 1999     

A method for detecting rash and fever illness‐associated viruses using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

In this study, a new multiplex RT‐PCR method for detecting various viral genes in patients with rash and fever illnesses (RFIs ) was constructed. New primer sets were designed for detection of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and 2), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The newly designed and previously reported primer sets were used to detect 13 types of RFI‐associated viruses by multiplex RT‐PCR assay systems. Moreover, to eliminate non‐specific PCR products, a double‐stranded specific DNase was used to digest double‐stranded DNA derived from the templates in clinical specimens. RFI‐associated viruses were detected in 77.0% of the patients (97/126 cases) by the presented method, multiple viruses being identified in 27.8% of the described cases (35/126 cases). Detected viruses and clinical diagnoses were compatible in 32.5% of the patients (41/126 cases). Sensitivity limits for these viruses were estimated to be 10¹–10³ copies/assay. Furthermore, non‐specific PCR products were eliminated by a double‐stranded specific DNase with no influence on sensitivity. These results suggest that this method can detect various RFI‐associated viruses in clinical specimens with high sensitivity and specificity.

     

R-ISSR marker as a useful tool for detection of new genomic loci in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arthrocnemum macrostachyum</Emphasis>

Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, is a perennial halophytic shrub typical of Mediterranean salt marshes. The present study aims to investigate some combinations of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers applied in real PCR. Thereby, the potential of R-ISSR markers to detect new genomic loci in 3 genotypes of A. macrostachyum grown in the Western coast of Syria was examined. Different combinations of RAPD and ISSR primers produced bands that were absent when single ISSR or RAPD primers were used. The results have demonstrated that ISSR primer (AG)₈TC gave more informative pattern when combined with different RAPD primers comparing to other tested primers. In contrast, the tested ISSR primer (GACA)₄ gave less informative pattern when used alone. These combinations were successfully applied in real PCR to detect new genomic variability in A. macrostachyum genotypes.     

Recombinant bovine interferon alpha causes only a temporary prolongation of the lifespan of the corpus luteum

Abstract

A method is described for developing a sheep‐ vs. goat‐specific DNA marker using sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) derived from a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker from sheep DNA samples. A sheep 645 bp DNA fragment that was absent in goat DNA was identified by analyzing pools of sheep and goat DNA with RAPD primers. This fragment was cloned and partially sequenced to design extended, strand‐specific 24‐mer oligonucleotide primers. Each primer contained the original 10 bases of the RAPD primer and the following 14 internal bases. The pair of primers resulted in the amplification of a single band of 645 bp when used to amplify sheep DNA, and in no amplification when used to amplify goat DNA. These SCAR primers successfully amplified the equivalent of DNA from one nucleated sheep cell in a sample of 5000 nucleated goat cells. This level of sensitivity is especially desirable for research involving the detection of interspecific chimerism.     

单纯疱疹病毒的PCR直接基因分型

本文利用ＰＣＲ技术建立一种对ＨＳＶ直接基因分型的方法。在ＨＳＶ－Ⅰ、Ⅱ两型的ＤＮＡ多聚酶基因上设计了一条两型共同的上游引物（ＨＤＰ－Ｂ）和两条型特异的下游引物（ＨＤＰ－１、ＨＤＰ－２）。三条引物共同组成一个扩增反应体系,在ＨＳＶ－Ⅰ产生５４３ｂｐ条带,ＨＳＶ－Ⅱ产生３７２ｂｐ条带,据此在基因水平上对ＨＳＶ进行分型。５株不同来源的ＨＳＶ（２株Ⅰ型,３株Ⅱ型）分型结果与病毒分离及血清学方法完全一致。该反应体系与其它来源的ＤＮＡ不产生特异反应,敏感性可达１ｆｇ。应用该法对１５１份临床可疑ＨＳＶ感染的标本进行检测并分型,结果与免疫学方法完全一致。     

Development of DNA markers for identifying chrysanthemum cultivars generated by ion-beam irradiation

Four chrysanthemum cultivars were generated through (carbon) ion-beam irradiation of the original ‘Jimba’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). The new cultivars had acquired a number of superior cultivation traits, while remaining identical to the commercially available ‘Jimba’ in appearance. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to detect the mutated region of each strain, thereby allowing clear identification at the molecular level. PCR assays were performed with 446 primer sets, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer sets (10-mer RAPD), arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR primers based on retrotransposon-like sequences and modified RAPD primers (15-mer RAPD). 15-mer RAPD primers generated a 1.49-fold increased band number at high annealing temperatures compared with the original 10-mer RAPD primers and could thus be effective for detection of polymorphic patterns. Our results provide information on the mutated regions of these ion-beam-irradiated chrysanthemum cultivars. Thus, specific DNA markers could be used to improve identification of new cultivars of chrysanthemum as well as other clonal cultivars of horticultural and agricultural crops.     

Evaluation of a Viral Microarray Based on Simultaneous Extraction and Amplification of Viral Nucleotide Acid for Detecting Human Herpesviruses and Enteroviruses

In this study, a viral microarray based assay was developed to detect the human herpesviruses and enteroviruses associated with central nervous system infections, including herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 (HSV1 and HSV2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16) and B 5(CB5). The DNA polymerase gene of human herpesviruses and 5’-untranslated region of enteroviruses were selected as the targets to design primers and probes. Human herpesviruses DNA and enteroviruses RNA were extracted simultaneously by using a guanidinium thiocyanate acid buffer, and were subsequently amplified through a biotinylated asymmetry multiplex RT-PCR with the specific primer of enteroviruses. In total, 90 blood samples and 49 cerebrospinal fluids samples with suspected systemic or neurological virus infections were investigated. Out of 139 samples, 66 were identified as positive. The specificities of this multiplex RT-PCR microarray assay were over 96% but the sensitivities were various from 100% for HSV1, HSV2, EV71 and CB5, 95.83% for CMV, 80% for EBV to 71.43% for CA16 in comparison with reference standards of TaqMan qPCR/qRT-PCR. The high Kappa values (&gt;0.90) from HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EV71 and CB5 were obtained, indicating almost perfect agreement in term of the 5 viruses detection. But lower Kappa values for EBV (0.63) and CA16 (0.74) displayed a moderate to substantial agreement. This study provides an innovation of simultaneous extraction, amplification, hybridization and detection of DNA viruses and RNA viruses with simplicity and specificity, and demonstrates a potential clinical utility for a variety of viruses’ detection.     

Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of New Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolin‐3‐ones and Their Ribonucleoside Derivatives

Several new pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolin‐3‐one ribonucleosides (5a–g) and their corresponding heterocycle moieties (3a–g) were synthesized and evaluated against vaccinia virus (VV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1). The derivatives 3c and 3d showed modest inhibitory activity against vaccinia virus reaching 70% at a concentration of 100 µM. All heterocyclic compounds (3a–f) showed a modest inhibition against HSV‐1, reaching the maximal inhibitory effect around 20–30%. The antiviral effects of most of the pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolin‐3‐one ribonucleosides (5a–f) on VV and HSV were not impressive.     

重组酶聚合酶扩增结合CRISPR-Cas12a快速检测十足目虹彩病毒1方法的建立

[背景] 十足目虹彩病毒1（Decapod Iridescent Virus 1,DIV1）可感染南美白对虾、中国对虾和日本对虾等,是危害对虾养殖业的主要病毒之一。当前高效、快速、简便地检测对虾是否感染DIV1是减少其发生和危害的重要途径。[目的] 将成簇的规律间隔短回文重复序列（Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats,CRISPR）及其相关蛋白12a （CRISPR Associated Protein 12a,Cas12a）,即CRISPR-Cas12a系统,与重组酶聚合酶扩增（Recombinase Polymerase Amplification,RPA）技术相结合,建立快速检测DIV1的方法（RPA-Cas12a）,并探讨该方法在实际样本检验中的应用价值。[方法] 通过提取DIV1 DNA,设计其RPA引物、crRNA及报告探针,优化并建立RPA结合CRISPR-Cas12a的快速检测方法,进一步分析该方法检测DIV1的灵敏度与特异性,并比较建立的方法与qPCR法的一致性。[结果] 建立的RPA-Cas12a快速检测方法可在40 min内实现对虾样本DNA中DIV1的检测,检测限为10 copies/reaction。用该方法分别对对虾白斑综合征病毒（White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV）、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒（Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus,IHHNV）、虾肝肠胞虫（Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei,EHP）及DIV1进行检测,结果仅DIV1发生特异性反应,而WSSV、IHHNV和EHP的检测结果均为阴性。采用RPA-Cas12a检测61份实际样本,结果均与qPCR检测法的阳性检出率一致。[结论] 建立的RPA-Cas12a方法检测十足目虹彩病毒1具有快速、简便、灵敏度高且特异性强的特点,为十足目虹彩病毒1的快速检测提供了新的工具。     

Characterization of fusarium wilt-resistant and fusarium wilt-susceptible somaclones of banana cultivar rastali (Musa AAB) by random amplified polymorphic DNA and retrotransposon markers

Two DNA fingerprinting techniques, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), were used to characterize somaclonal variants of banana. IRAP primers were designed on the basis of repetitive and genome-wide dispersed long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon families for assessing the somaclonal variation in 2Musa clones resistant and susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense race 4. RAPD markers successfully detected genetic variation within and between individuals of the clones. IRAP makers amplified either by a single primer or a combination of primers based on LTR orientation successfully amplified different retrotransposons dispersed in theMusa genome and detected new events of insertions. RAPD markers proved more polymorphic than IRAP markers. Somaclonal variation seems to be the result of numerous indels occurring genome-wide accompanied by the activation of retroelements, as a result of stress caused by micropropagation. It is concluded that characterization of the somaclonal variants requires more than one DNA marker system to detect variation in diverse components of the genome.