福建省武夷山自然保护区野生花卉种质资源初探

西方曾有人说过:“没有中国的花卉,便不成其为花园。”中国一向被誉为世界“园林之母”。野生花卉种质资源十分丰富。许多野生花卉以其美而不艳的自然风貌,香而不郁的芬芳气味,吸引着越来越多的花卉爱好者。随着城市绿化建设的发展,园艺技术的提高,野生花卉的引种驯化工作越来越受到人们的重视。我国幅员辽阔、不同的地区、不同的生态环境,生长着各种不同的植物种类,我国各地区如能就地引种野生花卉,广泛种植,既可丰富城市景观,又能突出地展示出各城市不同的特点和风韵。     

野生堇菜属植物引种栽培及开发利用研究进展

城市绿化建设蓬勃发展,近年来发展野生花卉已成为备受关注的内容。堇菜属(Viola L.)植物分布广泛,如对其就地引种,再加以人工驯化栽培,将其应用到城市绿化,不仅丰富了城市景观效果,还可带来可观的经济价值及社会效益。本文对堇菜属植物的生物学特性、资源现状、引种栽培以及堇菜属植物在园林园艺的应用等方面进行了简要的综述。提出目前对中国堇菜的引种驯化研究工作的重要性,对于堇菜属植物更需要加强其新品种的选育工作,更新在园林园艺上的应用方式,加快其推广应用进程。     

百花山野生花卉资源及园林应用

百花山野生花分资源丰富,有华北“天然植物园”之称。分析了百花山的植被状况,野生花卉的特点及园林应用,重点介绍了浅裂剪秋罗、金莲花、瞿麦、高乌头、翠雀、华北楼斗莱等20种观赏价值高的野生花卉资源特征、分布及其在园林中的应用,井介绍了4种野生花卉的繁育技术。以期引起园林工作者对野生花卉的重视,用野生花丰富园林植物的种类。     

中国野生观赏植物资源调查、评价及园林应用研究进展

野生观赏植物是植物种质资源的特殊类别,随着人居环境科学的发展,其美化和生态功能日益受到重视,相关研究文献迅猛增加。综述了我国野生观赏植物资源的调查、评价、引种、抗性生理和园林应用研究进展,包括重点调查的区域、植物类别、科属和观赏价值的分析,运用层次分析法、灰色关联度法、心理物理学法的评价成果分析,引种驯化、抗性生理和园林应用交叉研究的成果分析,以及基于园林视角研究野生植物群落的成果分析,并提出了野生观赏植物资源研究中有待解决的问题。     

广西元宝山自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源

元宝山有完整的亚热带气候垂直带谱自然景观、多种植被类型和丰富的植物资源。对元宝山自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源调查结果表明,本地区有珍稀野生花卉有71科131属170种,其中蕨类植物15科17属20种、裸子植物1科2属2种、被子植物55科112属148种。根据本区珍稀野生花卉的现状与特点,选出25种具有开发前景的珍稀野生花卉,提出园林配置方式,并对资源保护和开发利用提出建议。     

北京山区野生花卉资源及开发利用

本文论述了北京山区的野生花卉资源及其利用现状 ,分析了北京山区开发野生花卉的前景 ,指出北京山区在野生花卉的开发利用中应重点加强五个方面 (野生花卉的引种驯化、确定野生花卉的发展方向、保护性的开发利用野生花卉、加强野生花卉的生化毒性研究、加强野生花卉的育种 )工作 ,使之成为北京地区的主要产业之一。     

海南岛热带花卉资源研究与利用

海南岛以其特定的地理位置和独特的环境条件,拥有丰富的热带花卉种质资源,在我国热带花卉的引种驯化中有着重要地位。针对海南岛热带花卉种质资源研究与利用中存在的主要问题,指出了今后的发展方向。     

百花山野生植物资源分布情况及主要花卉园林应用评价

百花山自然保护区具有优越的地理位置和良好的气候条件,其中孕育着丰富的植物资源,是北京著名的野生花卉种质资源库.在调查分析其野生植物自然分布情况的同时,对其中的重要花卉的潜在园林利用价值作了简要评价,期望加大对百花山野生花卉资源的开发利用.     

墙内开花也要墙外香

我国是个拥有悠久历史和丰富花卉资源的文明古国,因此被西方人士誉为"(世界)园林之母"。英国园艺学者威尔逊在1899～1911年间几次到中国,在华西的四川、湖北、云南一带采集了1000种以上的野生观赏植物种苗。很快,这些中华珍稀野生花卉,就在欧美公私园林中栽培应用,成为西方公园、私家庭     

邯郸西部山区夏秋季野生花卉资源调查研究

通过对邯郸西部山区野生花卉资源的实地踏查,共统计记录了夏秋季开花的野生花卉40种。在此基础上,筛选出具有较高观赏价值,适于冀南及周边地区园林中试种推广的野生花卉17种,并根据该区野生植物资源现状,提出了保护和合理开发利用的建议。     

Response of wild bee diversity,abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter‐row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe

Agricultural intensification is a major driver of wild bee decline. Vineyards may be inhabited by plant and animal species, especially when the inter‐row space is vegetated with spontaneous vegetation or cover crops. Wild bees depend on floral resources and suitable nesting sites which may be found in vineyard inter‐rows or in viticultural landscapes. Inter‐row vegetation is managed by mulching, tillage, and/or herbicide application and results in habitat degradation when applied intensively. Here, we hypothesize that lower vegetation management intensities, higher floral resources, and landscape diversity affect wild bee diversity and abundance dependent on their functional traits. We sampled wild bees semi‐quantitatively in 63 vineyards representing different vegetation management intensities across Europe in 2016. A proxy for floral resource availability was based on visual flower cover estimations. Management intensity was assessed by vegetation cover (%) twice a year per vineyard. The Shannon Landscape Diversity Index was used as a proxy for landscape diversity within a 750 m radius around each vineyard center point. Wild bee communities were clustered by country. At the country level, between 20 and 64 wild bee species were identified. Increased floral resource availability and extensive vegetation management both affected wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards strongly positively. Increased landscape diversity had a small positive effect on wild bee diversity but compensated for the negative effect of low floral resource availability by increasing eusocial bee abundance. We conclude that wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards is efficiently promoted by increasing floral resources and reducing vegetation management frequency. High landscape diversity further compensates for low floral resources in vineyards and increases pollinating insect abundance in viticulture landscapes.     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源

对广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源调查结果表明,本区内有52科68属88种,其中蕨类植物11科11属13种;被子植物41科57属75种,并对其基本组成、多样性等进行分析。根据本区珍稀野生花卉的现状与特点,划分出生活类型,提出园林配置方式,对资源保护和开发利用提出建议。     

吉安市野生地被植物资源及其园林应用综合评价

通过对吉安市典型山地野生地被植物资源进行实地调查,在初步确定具有良好观赏价值的87种野生地被植物基础上,采用线性加权综合法数学模型对吉安市野生地被植物作了综合评价,重点推荐在吉安地区具有园林应用价值的野生地被植物5种,为野生地被植物的合理开发应用提供科学依据。     

Ecological meta‐networks integrate spatial and temporal dynamics of plant–bumble bee interactions

Bumble bees can forage on a large number of wild plants and crops. The survival of a colony depends on the availability of suitable food resources within foraging range and throughout their forage season. We studied the spatial and temporal use of floral resources by bumble bees in a set of 30 local plant communities and used these data to model colony survival under different combinations of patch size and bumble bee flight distance. Floral resources vary spatially and temporally at the landscape level, and bumble bees track these resources across the landscape during the season. The simulation model showed that different patterns of resources availability could affect the survival and distribution of bumble bee nests across the landscape. This model can be used to generate hypotheses explaining bumble bee richness and abundance that can be tested in real landscapes. Integrating the spatial and temporal dynamics of the flower resources used by bumble bees provides a new perspective that can be used to inform bumble bee conservation, particularly in the context of their widespread decline in recent decades.     

湖北后河国家级自然保护区野生花卉资源

后河国家级自然保护区位于鄂西南湘鄂边界山区,野生花卉资源丰富,有"三峡绿宝石"之美誉.笔者分析了保护区的野生花卉资源现状及其开发利用.重点介绍了各类花卉的生物特性和利用的方法.     

广西野生花卉资源的研究

记述了广西野生花卉资源的概况 ,5个基本特点和 6个主要类群。同时也对产地的自然环境作了简介 ,并对广西野生花卉的保护和开发提出了建议。广西野生花卉的 5个主要特点是 :花卉种类的丰富性、种质资源的珍贵性、生长基质的特殊性、草本性状的显著性和资源分布的不均性。其 6个主要类群是 :山茶科、杜鹃科、兰科、木兰科、百合科和苦苣苔科。     

Field margins, foraging distances and their impacts on nesting pollinator success

The areas of wild land around the edges of agricultural fields are a vital resource for many species. These include insect pollinators, to whom field margins provide both nest sites and important resources (especially when adjacent crops are not in flower). Nesting pollinators travel relatively short distances from the nest to forage: most species of bee are known to travel less than two kilometres away. In order to ensure that these pollinators have sufficient areas of wild land within reach of their nests, agricultural landscapes need to be designed to accommodate the limited travelling distances of nesting pollinators. We used a spatially-explicit modelling approach to consider whether increasing the width of wild strips of land within the agricultural landscape will enhance the amount of wild resources available to a nesting pollinator, and if it would impact differently on pollinators with differing foraging strategies. This was done both by creating field structures with a randomised geography, and by using landscape data based upon the British agricultural landscape. These models demonstrate that enhancing field margins should lead to an increase in the availability of forage to pollinators that nest within the landscape. With the exception of species that only forage within a very short range of their nest (less than 125 m), a given amount of field margin manipulation should enhance the proportion of land available to a pollinator for foraging regardless of the distance over which it normally travels to find food. A fixed amount of field edge manipulation should therefore be equally beneficial for both longer-distance nesting foragers such as honeybees, and short-distance foragers such as solitary bees.     

厦门地区冬季观果与观花植物及其园林应用分析

通过实地调查,对厦门地区冬季观果和观花园林植物进行统计,分析其生活型、观赏特征、色彩和应用频度。结果表明,厦门冬季具有观赏价值的观果植物有20科22属25种(含种下等级),观花植物有33科51属63种(含种下等级)。厦门冬季观果植物以常绿乔木、灌木为主,果色以红色系为主,高应用频率的观果植物优势不明显;观花植物以乔木为主,花色以红色系、黄色系为主,高应用频率的观花植物优势明显,开花呈衬式花相的种类占多数。厦门冬季观果与观花植物资源较为丰富,但冬季表现较好的观果种类较少,而一些表现较好的植物未普遍应用,植物景观营造不合理,针对此问题提出改善厦门冬季植物配置的建议。