禹州漏芦醇提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的影响

探讨禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。以CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,同时测定肝匀浆中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的水平。将肝大叶HE染色,观察各组小鼠的肝组织病理改变。结果表明,同模型组比较,禹州漏芦乙醇提取物各剂量组均能降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST及MDA活性,升高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD的活性,并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤。禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好保肝作用,其作用可能与清除体内自由基和抗氧化的作用有关。     

玄参提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤保护作用的研究

采用四氯化碳(CCl4)腹腔注射构建小鼠急性肝损伤模型;利用生物活性跟踪法,以小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性为检测指标,从玄参根提取物筛选保肝活性的物质。结果表明乙酸乙酯萃取部位保肝效果最好,能够显著降低血清ALT和AST活性(P0.01),其次为正丁醇相。对活性较好的乙酸乙酯部位进一步通过硅胶柱层析分离,结果表明段F02和段F03能显著降低血清ALT和AST活性(P0.05或P0.01),降低肝脏MDA含量(P0.05或P0.01),增强肝脏SOD活力(P0.05或P0.01),提示玄参提取物可能通过抑制脂质过氧化发挥保肝作用。     

茵陈保肝活性部位的初步筛选研究

目的:筛选茵陈发挥保肝作用的有效部位.方法:用系统溶剂分离法将茵陈分离成极性不同的组分.采用四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤模型,按赖氏法测定小鼠血清中AST,ALT的活性.结果:茵陈的三氯甲烷提取物能明显降低CCl4引起的AST,ALT增高.结论:茵陈三氯甲烷提取部位为其发挥保肝作用的有效部位.     

水杨柳根D_(101)树脂提取物保肝降酶作用的实验研究

目的研究水杨柳根D_(101)树脂提取物(HRE)对肝损伤模型动物的保护作用。方法取小鼠行连续灌胃给予50%白酒30天制造酒精性肝损伤模型,于小鼠腹腔注射CCl_4制造急性肝损伤模型,每周2次于大鼠腹腔连续注射CCl_430天制造慢性肝损伤模型,然后分别测定各动物血清ALT和AST水平。结果在酒精性和CCl_4慢性肝损伤动物模型中,HRE高、中剂量组(小鼠为2.7g/kg,1.8g/kg;大鼠为3.9g/kg,2.6g/kg)均能显著降低血清ALT和AST水平(P0.01或P0.05);在CCl_4急性肝损模型小鼠中,HRE高、中剂量组(2.7g/kg,1.8g/kg)也能显著降低血清ALT和AST水平(P0.01或P0.05)。结论水杨柳根的D_(101)树脂提取物的主要成分为黄酮、多糖和皂苷,具有保肝降酶作用,且随剂量增加而增强。     

百里香精油对硫代乙酰胺诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

为探究百里精油抗氧化能力及其潜在的保肝作用,通过测定百里香精油对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力,确定百里香精油的体外抗氧化能力。同时建立硫代乙酰胺(TAA)急性小鼠肝损伤模型,通过测定小鼠的肝脏指数,血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和肝脏中苯二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性来评价百里香精油的保肝效果。结果表明,百里香精油具有良好的体外抗氧化活性及对硫代乙酰胺诱导的肝损伤小鼠的保护效果,其中高剂量精油对小鼠肝损伤的保护效果显著(P0.01)。本文旨在为百里香精油作为天然植物源保肝药物的研究与开发奠定理论基础。     

甘草酸二铵改善Con A致小鼠肝损伤的作用研究北大核心CSCD

探讨甘草酸二铵(Diammonium glycyrrhi zinate,DG)对刀豆蛋白(Concanavalin A,Con A)致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及机制。连续给予ICR小鼠各保肝药的临床等效量7天后,再以Con A造成小鼠肝损伤。生化法检测血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量;HE染色观察肝组织病理学特征;通过药物代谢物与转氨酶异常大鼠血清共孵育,检测DG对转氨酶活性的直接作用;免疫组化、Western blot检测肝组织中凋亡蛋白和炎性细胞因子的水平,探讨DG的保肝机制。结果显示,58. 5 mg/kg DG能够改善Con A所致小鼠肝脏病理损伤,降低小鼠血清中AST、ALT水平,而对AST、ALT的活性没有直接抑制作用;并且DG可以抑制肝细胞凋亡(下调cleaved Caspase-3、cleaved PARP以及BAX/BCL-2的表达)和炎性反应(降低TGF-β1、COX-2、IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ等炎性因子水平)。综上所述,DG可改善Con A致小鼠急性肝损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制细胞凋亡和炎症反应有关。     

甘草酸二铵改善Con A致小鼠肝损伤的作用研究

探讨甘草酸二铵(Diammonium glycyrrhi zinate,DG)对刀豆蛋白(Concanavalin A,Con A)致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及机制。连续给予ICR小鼠各保肝药的临床等效量7天后,再以Con A造成小鼠肝损伤。生化法检测血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量;HE染色观察肝组织病理学特征;通过药物代谢物与转氨酶异常大鼠血清共孵育,检测DG对转氨酶活性的直接作用;免疫组化、Western blot检测肝组织中凋亡蛋白和炎性细胞因子的水平,探讨DG的保肝机制。结果显示,58. 5 mg/kg DG能够改善Con A所致小鼠肝脏病理损伤,降低小鼠血清中AST、ALT水平,而对AST、ALT的活性没有直接抑制作用;并且DG可以抑制肝细胞凋亡(下调cleaved Caspase-3、cleaved PARP以及BAX/BCL-2的表达)和炎性反应(降低TGF-β1、COX-2、IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ等炎性因子水平)。综上所述,DG可改善Con A致小鼠急性肝损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制细胞凋亡和炎症反应有关。     

冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对化学性肝损伤的辅助保护作用

为明确冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对急性肝损伤小鼠谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝细胞变性及坏死程度的影响,采用四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,将动物随机分成5组,分别是空白对照组、模型组、冬虫夏草菌丝提取物低剂量组（1.11g/kg BW）、中剂量组（3.33g/kg BW）、高剂量组（10.00g/kg BW）,检测血清ALT、AST值,并取肝脏作病理切片,观察肝脏的病理损伤情况。冬虫夏草菌丝提取物高剂量组能明显降低CCl4急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT值,减轻肝细胞坏死程度,表明冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对化学性肝损伤有辅助保护功能。     

蟛蜞菊内酯对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究中药活性物质蟛蜞菊内酯的保肝作用及其机制。方法:采用小鼠腹腔注射CCl4制作肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)指标,进行肝脏的组织病理学检查,观察蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4所致肝损伤的保护作用。结果:蟛蜞菊内酯能明显降低肝损伤小鼠的血清ALT、AST和肝组织匀浆中MDA含量,SOD活力增强,明显减轻肝组织变性。结论蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4引起的肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

蓑衣莲酮硫酸酯对对乙酰氨基酚诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

蓑衣莲酮硫酸酯(Auriculatone sulphate,AS)是天然保肝活性化合物蓑衣莲酮的前药。为评估AS的保肝作用,课题采用小鼠腹腔注射300 mg/kg的对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)复制小鼠急性肝损伤模型,通过静脉注射给予25 mg/kg的AS,测定给药后小鼠血清中的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量变化,从肝损伤水平初步了解AS对肝脏的保护作用;通过测定肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化,了解AS对氧化损伤的保护作用;通过小鼠肝组织的病理学检查,直观评价AS通过静脉注射给药后对肝脏的保护作用。研究结果显示,静脉注射AS能够显著降低血清中ALT、AST和LDH的水平,使其趋近于正常水平(P0.001)。与模型组相比,AS不但可以显著降低肝脏中MDA的水平(P0.001),而且显著增加GSH水平和SOD的活性(P0.001)。病理学检查显示,AS能显著改善APAP对肝组织的破坏,使肝组织的结构趋近于正常。综上,静脉注射AS可有效保护小鼠免受APAP诱导小鼠急性肝损伤,其保护作用可能与抑制肝脏氧化损伤有关。     

Hepatoprotective effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone against alcoholic liver injury through activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammation responses

The present study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Acute alcoholic liver injury model was established in mice, and they were administrated with PQQ to investigate its hepatoprotective effect. Our results shows that PQQ can significantly ameliorate acute alcoholic liver injury by decreasing the hepatic marker enzymes, including serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and increasing the levels of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. And PQQ can also significantly reduce the content of hepatic triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, PQQ attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative damage by activating NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling pathway, and inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Our findings have elucidated the liver protection mechanism of PQQ, which would encourage the further exploitation of PQQ as a hepatoprotective functional food.     

Protective effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on mouse models of carbon tetrachloride- induced chronic and acute liver failure

Inflammation and oxidation are two important factors in the pathogenesis of liver. Ephedra pachyclada (EP) is a traditional medical herb that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. During this study, anti-oxidant activities of the EP extract was measured in vitro by 2,2′- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-Carotene bleaching assays. Then, we examined possible in vivo hepatoprotective effects of EP extract on mouse models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced chronic and acute liver failure. To produce mouse models of chronic and acute liver injuries, male SW1 mice were interaperitoneally injected with 1 ml/kg body weight (bw) CCl₄ biweekly for 42 days and a single dose of 2 ml/kg bw, respectively. In the experimental groups, mouse models were treated with low (140 mg/kg bw) and high (1400 mg/kg bw) doses of the EP extract. Olive oil and water treated mice were considered as controls during model derivation and EP extract treatment respectively. The results showed the antioxidant activity of EP extract and a significant reduction of all parameters of CCl₄-induced liver injury such as relative liver weight, necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in mouse models of acute and chronic liver injury treated with EP extract. Therefore, EP induces its hepatoprotective effects probably by suppressing oxidative stress and inhibit inflammation in the liver and is able to protect the liver against CCl₄-induced acute and chronic injuries.     

Anti-trichomonal, biochemical and toxicological activities of methanolic extract and some carbazole alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii growing in Nigeria

The methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaf was screened for toxicological and biochemical effects on rats because of the folkloric uses as an anti-dysentery and anti-diabetes. The extract was moderately toxic (LD(50)=316.23 mg/kg body weight) to rats and had appreciable effect on the liver and kidney at higher doses leading to liver inflammation. It had little or no effect on haematology and relative organ weight of lungs, heart and spleen. Acute doses (500 mg/kg) reduced significantly serum globulin, albumin, urea, glucose, total protein, aspartate transaminase (AST), and increased cholesterol and alanine transaminase (ALT) indicating hepatic injury. However, chronic administration for 14 days gave a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the serum cholesterol, glucose, urea, bilirubin, ALT and AST showing that the plant has hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective effects after prolonged use. The activity demonstrated by some of the isolated carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives against Trichomonas gallinae confirmed that the anti-trichomonal activity of the leaf may be due to its carbazole alkaloids. The order of activity was C(18)>C(23)>C(13). Girinimbine and girinimbilol with IC(50) values of 1.08 and 1.20 microg/ml were the most active. Acetylation of girinimbilol and mahanimbilol improved their activities to 0.60 and 1.08 microg/ml.     

黄根醇提物对小鼠实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究

以黄根醇提物为实验药物,对其进行了最大耐受量试验(MTD)和小鼠实验性急性肝损伤的研究,结果表明黄根醇提物最大耐受量为2080g生药/kg,并能显著降低CCL4、D-GalN所致的小鼠血清中ALT、AST升高(P<0.01);亦能明显降低BCG和LPS致免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST及肝组织中的MDA的水平(P<0.01),增加肝组织中SOD的活性和GSH的水平(P<0.01)。该实验属首次报道。     

铁棍山药多糖对四氯化碳诱导的急性小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

为了研究铁棍山药(D.oppositacv.Tiegun)多糖对四氯化碳诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,取72只昆明小鼠随机分为对照组,四氯化碳(CCl4)模型组,阳性对照(联苯双酯)组,铁棍山药多糖低、中、高剂量组,每组12只,灌胃处理后使用CCl4制备急性肝损伤小鼠模型,观察各组形态学变化,同时测定生化指标。实验结果显示,经铁棍山药多糖处理的小鼠的肝损伤程度明显轻于模型组,铁棍山药多糖能降低小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。本研究结果表明,铁棍山药多糖对CCl4所诱导的小鼠肝损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

Hautriwaic acid as one of the hepatoprotective constituent of Dodonaea viscosa

It is widely known that hepatitis and its complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma are one of the major health problems of the world especially since no specific treatment is available. In the present study we investigated the hepatoprotective potential of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Dodonaea viscosa and its ethyl acetate, aqueous, butanol and n-hexane fractions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced hepatoxicity in rats. Hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) that occur after CCl₄ injury, and by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The methanolic extract reduced the serum enzyme level (ALT, AST, and ALP) down to control levels despite CCl₄ treatment. It also reduced the CCl₄-induced damaged area to 0% as assessed by histopathology. The CD68+ macrophages were also reduced in number around the central vein area by the methanolic extract. These hepatoprotective effects were better than the positive control silymarin. Similar hepatoprotective activities were found with the ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the methanolic extract. The butanol and n-hexane fractions showed elevated levels of ALT, AST and ALP as compared to the positive control silymarin. Histopathology showed ∼30% damage to the liver cells with the butanol and n-hexane fractions which still showed some protective activity compared to the CCl₄ treated control. HPLC fingerprinting suggested that hautriwaic acid present in the methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions may be responsible for this hepatoprotective activity of Dodonaea viscosa which was confirmed by in vivo experiments.     

Cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective attributes of methanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius L.

Background

To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential and invitro cytotoxicity studies of whole plant methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius L. Methanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw were assessed for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring activity levels of SGOT (Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), SGPT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), TP (Total protein), TB (Total bilirubin) and SOD (Superoxide dismutase), CAT (Catalase), MDA (Malondialdehyde). The cytotoxicity of the same extract on HepG2 cell lines were also assessed using MTT assay method at the concentration of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μg/ml.

Results

Pretreatment of animals with whole plant methanol extracts of Rumex vesicarius L. significantly reduced the liver damage and the symptoms of liver injury by restoration of architecture of liver. The biochemical parameters in serum also improved in treated groups compared to the control and standard (silymarin) groups. Histopathological investigation further corroborated these biochemical observations. The cytotoxicity results indicated that the plant extract which were inhibitory to the proliferation of HepG2 cell line with IC50 value of 563.33 ± 0.8 μg/ml were not cytotoxic and appears to be safe.

Conclusions

Rumex vesicarius L. whole plant methanol extract exhibit hepatoprotective activity. However the cytotoxicity in HepG2 is inexplicable and warrants further study.     

Suppression of acute hepatic injury by a synthetic prostacyclin agonist through hepatocyte growth factor expression

Previous studies have demonstrated that mice disrupted with the cyclooxygenase-2 gene showed much more severe liver damage compared with wild-type mice after liver injury, and prostaglandins (PGs) such as PGE(1/2) and PGI(2) have decreased hepatic injury, but the mechanisms by which prostaglandins exhibit protective action on the liver have yet to be addressed. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the protective action of PGI(2) using the synthetic IP receptor agonist ONO-1301. In primary cultures of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells, ONO-1301 did not show protective action directly on hepatocytes, whereas it stimulated expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in nonparenchymal liver cells. In mice, peroral administration of ONO-1301 increased hepatic gene expression and protein levels of HGF. Injections of CCl4 induced acute liver injury in mice, but the onset of acute liver injury was strongly suppressed by administration of ONO-1301. The increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by CCl4 were suppressed by 10 mg/kg ONO-1301 to 39.4 and 33.6%, respectively. When neutralizing antibody against HGF was administered with ONO-1301 and CCl4, the decreases by ONO-1301 in serum ALT and AST, apoptotic liver cells, and expansion of necrotic areas in liver tissue were strongly reversed by neutralization of endogenous HGF. These results indicate that ONO-1301 increases expression of HGF and that hepatoprotective action of ONO-1301 in CCl4-induced liver injury may be attributable to its activity to induce expression of HGF, at least in part. The potential for involvement of HGF-Met-mediated signaling in the hepatotrophic action of endogenous prostaglandins generated by injury-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 induction is considerable.     

Effect of Cassia fistula Linn. leaf extract on diethylnitrosamine induced hepatic injury in rats

The hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Cassia fistula Linn. leaf extract on liver injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was investigated. Wistar rats weighing 200+/-10g were administered a single dose of DEN (200mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and left for 30 days. For hepatoprotective studies, ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) of C. fistula Linn. (500mg/kg b.w., p.o.) was administered daily for 30 days. AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, gamma-GT and bilirubin were estimated in serum and liver tissue. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), SOD and CAT were also estimated in liver tissue as markers of oxidative stress. DEN induced hepatotoxicity in all the treated animals were evident by elevated serum ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin levels and a simultaneous fall in their levels in the liver tissue after 30 days. Induction of oxidative stress in the liver was evidenced by increased LPO and fall in the activities of SOD and CAT. ELE administration for 30 days prevented the DEN induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. In conclusion, it was observed that ELE of C. fistula Linn. protects the liver against DEN induced hepatic injury in rats.     

Hepatoprotective effect of total flavonoids from Laggera alata against carbon tetrachloride-induced injury in primary cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes and in rats with hepatic damage

Summary The hepatoprotective activities of total flavonoids of Laggera alata (TFLA) were evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced injury in primary cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes and in rats with hepatic damage. In vitro, TFLA at a concentration range of 1–100 g/ml improved cell viability and inhibited cellular leakage of two enzymes, hepatocyte aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), caused by CCl₄. In vivo, oral treatment with TFLA at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of AST, ALT, total protein, and albumin in serum and the hydroxyproline and sialic acid levels in liver. Histopathological examinations revealed that liver damage were improved when treated with TFLA. Meanwhile, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals scavenging activities of TFLA were also determinated. To understand the exact components of TFLA responsible for the hepatoprotective effect, nine flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified from TFLA. In conclusion, the present investigation was the first to verify the hepatoprotective effect of L. alata in vitro and in vivo. The hepatoprotective action of TFLA is likely related to its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Neutralizing reactive oxygen species by nonenzymatic mechanisms and enhancing the activity of original natural hepatic-antioxidant enzymes may be the main mechanisms of TFLA against CCl₄-induced injury.