3β,20α-羟基甾体脱氢酶的动力学性质

3β,20α-羟基甾体脱氢酶(3β,20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,3β,20α-HSD)是从胎羊血中分离得到的。分子量为35kD。该酶以NADPH为辅酶,有两种底物。以孕酮为底物时,Km=30.8μmol/L,Vmax=0.7nmol min~(-1)(nmol enzyme)~(-1);以5α-二氢睾酮(5α-Dihydrotestosterone,5α-DHT)为底物时,Km=74μmol/L,Vmax=1.3nmol min~(-1)(nmol enzyme)~(-1)。5α-DHT竞争性抑制20α-还原活性,Ki=102μmol/L。16α-溴代乙酰氧基(16α-Bromo acetoxyprogesterone,16α-BAP)是3β,20α-HSD不可逆竞争性抑制剂,t_(1/2)=75min。对3β和20α还原活性的抑制常数Ki分别为23μmol/L和58μmol/L。     

蝴蝶兰F3′5′H基因转化OT杂种百合Robina的研究

为了定向育种获得蓝色百合,该研究以百合Robina为蓝色基因最佳受体,以其花丝诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织和再生小植株小鳞片作为转化材料,利用农杆菌介导法,将蝴蝶兰F3′5′H基因导入百合Robina中。结果表明:以小鳞片为转化材料,预培养3d,OD_(600)为0.8,侵染10min,共培养3d,加入100μmol/L AS稳定转化率最高为12.78%;而以胚性愈伤为转化材料,预培养2d,OD_(600)为0.8,侵染10min,共培养3d,加入100μmol/L AS稳定转化率最高为12.22%。2种转化材料的最适潮霉素筛选浓度均为20mg/L。对抗性植株分别进行PCR和反转录PCR检测,获得9个阳性株系,Southern印记分析进一步确定了6株转基因百合中携带蓝色基因F3′5′H,为后续进一步获得蓝色百合奠定了基础。     

6-羟基烟酸3-单加氧酶(NicC)催化反应机理研究

恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)KT2440中的6-羟基烟酸(6HNA)3-单加氧酶(NicC)是烟酸代谢过程中的关键酶。NicC通过在吡啶环上加羟基对吡啶环进行活化,从而使吡啶环可在双加氧酶催化下开环,最终被完全降解。通过去除NicC的N端稀有密码子增加了NicC的表达量,进一步利用Ni-Sepharose重力柱对NicC进行了纯化。通过实验发现,NicC的最适反应温度为30～40℃,最适反应pH为8.0。Cd~(2+)对NicC的酶活有明显的抑制作用。当NADH的浓度为0.25mmol/L时,底物6HNA所对应的NicC的最大酶活为14.1U/mg,K_m值为51.8μmol/L;当6HNA的浓度为0.25mmol/L时,底物NADH所对应的NicC的最大酶活为10.79U/mg,K_m值为15.0μmol/L。通过HPLC和LC-MS分析表明,NicC可以在NADH和氧气的参与下催化6HNA转化生成2,5-二羟基吡啶(2,5-DHP)和甲酸,还可以将对羟基苯甲酸转化生成对苯二酚。同位素标记实验表明,产物2,5-DHP中的氧原子来源于参与反应的氧气。为研究吡啶类化合物微生物代谢提供了理论基础。     

静息细胞转化生产3-羟基丙酸的条件优化

本文研究了静息细胞生物转化生产3-羟基丙酸的反应体系。考察了以甘油为底物,利用静息细胞转化生产3一羟基丙酸的相关因素,确定了最佳的转化条件：细胞浓度20g／L,甘油浓度20g／L,辅酶VB12浓度10mg／L,NAD＋浓度0．15mmol／L,温度35℃,反应体系为0．05mol／LpH7．0Tris—HCl缓冲液。在上述条件下反应6h后,3-羟基丙酸的产量达到为3．17g／L,底物转化率为28．33％。由上述结果可知,采用静息细胞转化法为3-HP的生物合成提供了一种可能的方法。     

紫色马铃薯类黄酮3，′5′-羟化酶基因（StF3′5′H）的克隆及分析

类黄酮3′,5′羟-化酶（ flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase, F3′5′H）是植物花青素生物合成途径中的一个关键酶,紫色土豆（ Solanum tueb or sum） F3′5′H基因的克隆将为花青素合成调控和花青素代谢工程研究提供优质基因资源。研究采用RACE技术克隆了紫色土豆F3′5′H基因的cDNA全长序列,用生物信息学方法对其核苷酸和蛋白质序列进行了分析,并用半定量PCR 技术分析了F3′5′H基因在不同组织中的表达情况,同时研究了赤霉素和蔗糖处理后F3′5′H基因表达与花青素积累之间的相关性。研究结果表明,克隆的紫色土豆F3′5′H的cDNA全长为1854 bp,包含一个1530 bp的完整ORF,共编码509个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,StF3′5′H基因推测编码的氨基酸序列与其它植物的F3′5′H蛋白的相似性很高。 StF3′5′H基因的表达具有组织特异性,在紫色土豆根、茎和叶柄中都有表达,其中在叶柄中表达最强,而在块茎、叶轴和叶片中几乎检测不到StF3′5′H基因的表达。赤霉素和蔗糖能促进紫色土豆StF3′5′H基因的表达,进而促进花青素的积累。     

鹤望兰类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶基因SrF3′5′H的克隆及表达分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE方法从鹤望兰黄色花萼中克隆到类黄酮生物合成途径关键基因SrF3′5′H。该cDNA全长1 766 bp,具有完整的开放阅读框（ORF）,共1 509个碱基,编码503个氨基酸。氨基酸同源性分析表明,SrF3′5′H编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的其他植物的F3′5′H蛋白具有很高的同源性。系统进化树分析显示,鹤望兰SrF3′5′H与非洲紫罗兰蛋白亲缘关系较近。应用半定量PCR分析表明,SrF3′5′H在始花期转录水平达到最高,且在蓝色花瓣中表达最高,在黄色花萼中几乎没有表达。     

重组大肠杆菌生物转化甘油生产3-羟基丙酸

目的:以甘油为底物构建高效的3-羟基丙酸生产菌株。方法:以自身携带乙醛脱氢酶的E.coli BL21(DE3)plysS作为宿主,异源表达源自Klebsiella pneumoniae的甘油脱水酶基因dhaB。结果:重组菌E.coli HP获得的甘油脱水酶比活力在1.0mmol/L IPTG的诱导下达到了77.2 U/mg,摇瓶条件下,3-HP的最大产量为5.44 g/L,摩尔转化率为53%,该产量比目前报道的最高水平(4.4 g/L)提高了23.6%。结论:重组菌株E.coli HP实现了甘油向3-羟基丙酸(3-HP)的高效生物转化。     

棕色棉F3'H-羟化酶基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

根据葡萄的类黄酮3′-羟化酶(F3'H)基因全长cDNA序列Blast所得棉花的EST序列设计引物,以开花后16 d(DPA16)的新彩棉5号(xC-5)纤维为材料,利用RACE和RT-PCR技术分离得到了2个类黄酮3′-羟化酶基因cDNA序列,此2个序列编码区完全相同,仅在3'UTR区存在片段长短的差异,推测可能是基因转录后加工方式不同所造成.克隆所获得的棉花F3'H基因编码区全长1 533 bp,编码510个氨基酸,氨基酸序列分析预测表明,该基因所编码蛋白含有一个跨膜结构域,是一种分泌蛋白,定位于内质网上,并含有一段与细胞色素P450功能区相匹配的保守功能域;序列比对结果表明,棉花F3'H基因与其他多个物种的F3'H基因在氨基酸序列上有较高的同源性;聚类分析结果表明,棉花F3'H蛋白与双子叶植物大豆的F3'H亲缘关系较为接近,而与单子叶植物高梁等作物则较远.     

3-羟基丙酸高产菌株的筛选及诱变选育

【目的】3-羟基丙酸是一种重要的化学平台化合物,期望得到一株能够高产3-羟基丙酸的菌株。【方法】从土壤及粪便筛选并对得到的菌株进行鉴定和复合诱变。【结果】得到了一株能够利用丙酸发酵生产3-羟基丙酸的酵母Y-11,经生理生化鉴定及18S rDNA序列分析确定其为Candida sp.(假丝酵母)。以Y-11为出发菌株,经紫外-亚硝基胍-60Coγ复合诱变得到了突变性状稳定且可遗传的高产菌株5-13B,其3-羟基丙酸的产量为11.78 g/L,是出发菌株的2.46倍。【结论】对出发菌株和突变株的发酵特性进行了比较,结果表明突变株的3-羟基丙酸产量、对底物丙酸的转化率、产物3-羟基丙酸的积累性能及丙酸的耐受性均优于出发菌株。     

羰基还原酶不对称还原（R）-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯

选择R-羰基还原酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶双酶,协同催化（R）-6-氰基5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原制备阿托伐他汀关键手性合成子6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。转化条件优化结果显示：在不添加外源性辅酶NADP（H）、菌体用量15．0g/L、147．0g/L（R）-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯、128．2g／L葡萄糖,30℃、pH6．5条件下反应6h后,底物转化率达到100％,产物d．e．值大于99．5％。     

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DHH超家族核酸酶Saci0542的酶学特征研究

【目的】以嗜酸嗜热硫化叶菌Sulfolobus acidocaldarius的DHH超家族核酸酶（Saci0542）为例,研究其核酸外切酶活性特点,为阐明其在DNA代谢中的具体功能提供生化基础。【方法】将嗜酸嗜热硫化叶菌DHH超家族核酸酶Saci0542基因在大肠杆菌中重组表达,经亲和层析纯化得到电泳纯的重组蛋白;利用荧光标记的寡核苷酸作为底物,用尿素变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,鉴定Saci0542的酶学特征。【结果】重组表达的DHH超家族核酸酶Saci0542具有典型的单链核酸特异性的3’-5’外切酶活性。进一步酶学特征表征结果如下:酶活性依赖于二价金属离子Mn²⁺,而Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺等二价金属离子对活性没有明显的促进作用;Saci0542在pH5.5–10的广泛范围内均表现出较高酶活性;高于200 mmol/L的NaCl强烈抑制酶活性;最适反应温度为50–55℃;末端磷酸基团抑制3’-5’外切酶活性。【结论】本研究证实,Saci0542是一种Mn²⁺依赖型3’-...     

Comparison of full-length genomics sequences between dengue virus serotype 3, parental strain,and its derivatives,and B-cell epitopes prediction from envelope region

Biological markers are normally used to evaluate the candidate of live-attenuated dengue vaccines. D3V 16562 Vero 23 and D3V 16562 Vero 33 which were derivatives of D3V 16562, parental strain, showed the similar biological data. We used molecular techniques and computational tools to evaluate these derivatives. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the derivatives were compared to their parent. The secondary structures of untranslated regions and B-cell epitopes were predicted. The results showed that nucleotide substitutions mostly occurred in NS5 and NS5 of V2 was unusual because of amino acid change at 3349 (tryptophan →stop codon). The nucleotide substitutions in 5''UTR, prM, E, NS1, NS2A, NS3, and 3''UTR were 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, and 2, respectively. The secondary structure of 5''UTR of V2 was different from P and V1. The secondary structure of 3''UTR of V2 was similar to P and certainly distinct from V1. Furthermore, B-cell epitopes prediction revealed that there were 21 epitopes of envelope and the interesting epitope was at position 297-309 because it was in domain III in which the neutralizing antibody is induced. For this study, the attenuation of derivatives was caused by the nucleotide substitutions in 5''UTR, 3''UTR, and NS5 regions. The genotypic data and B-cell epitope make the derivatives attractive for the chimeric and peptide DENV vaccine development.     

基于工程化毕赤酵母一锅法合成硫酸软骨素A北大核心CSCD

硫酸软骨素(chondroitin sulfate,CS)是一种线性多糖,广泛应用于医疗和保健等领域。相比于传统动物组织提取法,微生物合成硫酸软骨素具有可控、易规模化放大等优势。为实现硫酸软骨素A(CSA)的高效合成,本研究首先通过整合软骨素合酶编码基因kfoC、kfoA以及UDP-葡萄糖脱氢酶编码基因tuaD至毕赤酵母GS115基因组中,构建了以甘油为唯一碳源发酵生产软骨素的毕赤酵母工程菌株。通过进一步优化软骨素合成途径,软骨素分批补料发酵水平达到2.6 g/L。在进一步整合表达软骨素-4-O-磺基转移酶的基础上,本研究通过向生产软骨素毕赤酵母工程菌株破碎液中添加3′-磷酸腺苷-5′-磷酰硫酸和软骨素-4-O-磺基转移酶,成功建立了CSA的一锅法生物合成体系。通过优化,最终实现0-40%不同磺酸化水平CSA的可控合成。本研究中CSA的一锅法生物合成体系操作简便、易放大,更适用于工业化大规模生产。本研究结果也为肝素等其他糖胺聚糖的合成提供了思路。     

The excision of AP sites by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I

The 3' AP endonucleases (class I) are said to hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond 3' to AP sites yielding 3'-OH and 5'-phosphate ends; on the other hand, the resulting 3' terminal AP site is not removed by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of the Klenow fragment [1]. We show that AP sites in DNA are easily removed by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of the Klenow fragment and that they are excised as deoxyribose-5-phosphate. It is suggested that the 3' AP endonucleases are perhaps not the hydrolases they are supposed to be.     

Mutant Huntingtin induces activation of the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (BNip3)

Huntington''s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal death in the basal ganglia and cortex. Although increasing evidence supports a pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the death of patients'' neurons, the molecular bases for mitochondrial impairment have not been elucidated. We provide the first evidence of an abnormal activation of the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNip3) in cells expressing mutant Huntingtin. In this study, we show an abnormal accumulation and dimerization of BNip3 in the mitochondria extracted from human HD muscle cells, HD model cell cultures and brain tissues from HD model mice. Importantly, we have shown that blocking BNip3 expression and dimerization restores normal mitochondrial potential in human HD muscle cells. Our data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in HD and point to BNip3 as a new potential target for neuroprotective therapy in HD.     

慢病毒介导的小鼠PINK1基因RNAi载体的构建及在NIH3T3细胞中的筛选

目的:构建筛选靶向特异PINK1-siRNA慢病毒表达载体,感染小鼠胚胎细胞(NIH3T3)验证该病毒载体的敲减效率,为研究帕金森病的发病机制奠定基础。方法:构建2对靶向小鼠PINK1-siRNA序列(KD1和KD2),将这2对序列连接在GV118上,将重组载体和病毒包装的辅助质粒共转染293 T细胞,获得慢病毒颗粒,再将该病毒颗粒转染入NIH3T3细胞,用qRT-PCR验证细胞内PINK1 mRNA表达水平以验证敲减效果。结果:筛选出可以用于后续实验的高效靶向KD2序列,并成功转染到小鼠NIH3T3细胞中,在感染复数(MOI)为50时,KD2的沉默效果最好,敲减率达到66.4%。结论:成功构建了高效靶向小鼠PINK1-siRNA慢病毒载体,其可稳定转染小鼠NIH3T3细胞,可高效抑制PINK1 mRNA的表达。为下一步利用其感染神经细胞或注入动物脑内,进一步研究PINK1基因在帕金森病发病过程中的作用环节和机制提供了分子生物学的技术基础。     

SOX6 基因3'UTR 区野生型和突变型重组质粒的构建与鉴定

目的:构建含单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点rs1065024的SOX6基因3'UTR双荧光素酶报告基因载体,并用生物信息学软件预测与rs1065024位点区域相结合的mi RNA,为进一步研究此SNP位点的功能及mi RNA与SOX6基因3'UTR区之间的关系奠定基础。方法:提取人全血基因组DNA,以基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增含SNP位点在内的SOX6基因3'UTR片段,经过胶回收纯化后,将回收的目的片段插入双荧光素酶报告基因载体p MIR-REPORT中,再经DH5a转化扩增,挑单克隆进行菌落PCR并进行质粒提取,对质粒进行双酶切鉴定,最后进行DNA测序鉴定。针对SNP进行定点突变,构建出野生型和突变型重组质粒,并用生物信息学软件预测出与SNP位点相结合的mi RNA。结果:经单菌落质粒测序验证显示带有T碱基的SOX6基因3'UTR重组质粒p MIR-REPORT-3'UTR-T构建成功;经定点突变,成功将p MIR-REPORT-3'UTR-T质粒转变为p MIR-REPORT-3'UTR-C,经比对未引入任何其他突变;生物信息学预测显示,rs1065024位点位于mi R-190b、mi R-190a-5p、mi R-451b、mi R-4791与SOX6基因3'UTR的结合区域,其多态的改变可以影响mi RNA与m RNA的结合效率。结论:本研究成功构建了含SNP位点rs1065024的p MIR-REPORT-SOX6-3'UTR野生型和突变型重组质粒,为今后SOX6基因3'UTR的SNP位点的功能及mi RNA与SOX6基因3'UTR区之间的关系研究奠定基础。     

Crystallographic studies of drug-nucleic acid interactions: Proflavine intercalation between the non-complementary base-pairs of cytidilyl-3′,5′-adenosine

In order to get insights into the binding of dyes and mutagens with denatured and single-stranded nucleic acids and the possible implications in frameshift mutagenesis, a 1:1 complex between the non-self-complementary dinucleoside monophosphate cytidilyl-3′,5′-adenosine (CpA) and proflavine was crystallized. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4₂2₁2 with cell constants $\text{a = b = 19.38(1)}\text{A}\text{?}\text{and}\text{c = 27.10(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$. The asymmetric unit contains one CpA, one proflavine and nine water molecules by weight. The structure was determined using Patterson and direct methods and refined to an R-value of 11% using 2454 diffractometer intensities.The non-self-complementary dinucleoside monophosphate CpA forms a selfpaired parallel chain dimer with a proflavine molecule intercalated between the protonated cytosine-cytosine (C · C) pair and the neutral adenine-adenine (A · A) pair. The dimer complex exhibits a right-handed helical twist and an irregular girth. The neutral A · A pair is doubly hydrogen-bonded through the N(6) and N(7) sites (C(1′)C(1′) distance: 10.97(2) Å) and the protonated C · C pair is triply hydrogen-bonded with a proton shared between the N(3) sites (C(1′)C(1′) distance: 9.59(2) Å). To accommodate the intercalating dye, the sugars of successive nucleotide residues adopt the two fundamental conformations (5′ end: 3′-endo, 3′ end: 2′-endo), the backbone adopts torsion angle values that fluctuate within their preferred conformational domains: the PO bonds (ω, ω′) adopt the characteristic helical (gauche^?-gauche^?) conformation, the CO bonds (φ, φ′) are both in the trans domain and the C(4′)C(5′) bonds (ψ) are in the gauche⁺ region. The bases of both residues are disposed in the preferred anti domain with the glycosyl torsion angles (χ) correlated to the puckering mode of the sugar so that the cytidine residue is C(3′)-endo, low χ (12 dg), and the adenosine residue is C(2′)-endo, high χ (84 °). The intercalated proflavine stacks more extensively with the C · C pair than the A · A pair. Between 4₂-related CpA proflavine units there is a second proflavine which stacks well with both the A · A and the C · C pairs sandwiching it. Both proflavine molecules are positionally disordered. In each of its two disordered sites, the intercalated proflavine forms hydrogen-bonded interactions with only one sugar-phosphate backbone. A total of 26 water sites has been characterized of which only two are fully occupied. These hydration sites are involved in an intricate network of hydrogen bonds with both the dye and CpA and provide insights on the various modes of interactions between water molecules and between water molecules and nucleic acids.The structure of the proflavine-CpA complex shows that intercalation of planar drugs can occur between non-complementary base-pairs. This result can be relevant for understanding the strong binding of acridine dyes to denatured DNA, single-stranded RNA, and single-stranded polynucleotides. Also, the ability of proflayine to promote self-pairs of adenine and cytosine bases could provide a chemical basis for an alternative mechanism of frameshift mutagenesis.