鸭梨PPO与GFP融合基因的烟草转化及亚细胞定位观察

将鸭梨PPO基因与绿色萤光蛋白GFP基因相融合共同进行遗传转化的方式,对鸭梨多酚氧化酶开展细胞定位研究。通过克隆该酶基因除终止密码子TAA外长度为1 779bp的CDS序列,与绿色荧光蛋白基因重组构建了荧光表达载体pBI121-PPO-GFP,借助农杆菌转化烟草,转基因烟草叶片细胞经激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,绿色荧光蛋白荧光与叶绿体自发荧光相重合。结果表明鸭梨多酚氧化酶为叶绿体蛋白质。     

鸭梨ACC氧化酶基因cDNA片段的克隆及农杆菌介导的反义遗传转化

研究根据ACC氧化酶基因的保守序列设计一对特异性引物。以鸭梨果实为试材,借助RT,PCR方法扩增得到一条长度为831bp的鸭梨ACC氧化酶基因eDNA片段,该片段编码276个氨基酸残基,与其它梨品种ACC氧化酶基因序列同源性均在94％以上。将此片段反向插入真核表达载体pBI121的CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子之间,构建了鸭梨ACC氧化酶基因的反义表达载体．并在农杆菌LBA4404的介导下实现对鸭梨组培苗的遗传转化。经PCR鉴定证实共有4株鸭梨组培苗中外源基因得到成功转化,Southern杂交显示在这4株转基因鸭梨中除有1株外源基因呈双拷贝外,其余3株中外源基因均以单拷贝形式存在。     

鸭梨ＡＣＣ 氧化酶基因ｃＤＮＡ 片段的克隆及农杆菌介导的反义遗传转化

研究根据ACC氧化酶基因的保守序列设计一对特异性引物,以鸭梨果实为试材,借助RT PCR方法扩增得到一条长度为831bp的鸭梨ACC氧化酶基因cDNA片段,该片段编码276个氨基酸残基,与其它梨品种ACC氧化酶基因序列同源性均在94%以上。将此片段反向插入真核表达载体pBI121的CaMV 35S启动子和NOS终止子之间,构建了鸭梨ACC氧化酶基因的反义表达载体,并在农杆菌LBA4404的介导下实现对鸭梨组培苗的遗传转化。经PCR鉴定证实共有4株鸭梨组培苗中外源基因得到成功转化,Southern杂交显示在这4株转基因鸭梨中除有1株外源基因呈双拷贝外,其余3株中外源基因均以单拷贝形式存在。     

苹果多酚氧化酶双链RNA干扰（RNAi）研究

以成熟苹果果实的RNA为模板,经RT—PCR扩增并克隆苹果多酚氧化酶(APPO)长度为710bp的反义、正义基因片段。以副球菌中类胡罗卜素合成有关的(crtW crtY)融合基因片段YYT为间隔区。将APPO反义基因片段、YYT和APPO正义基因片段串联,构成全长为2446bp的DNA并插入到植物双元载体pYPX145中,构成可表达苹果多酚氧化酶双链RNA的植物双元载体pYF7704。以根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法转化苹果栽培品种红富士,通过50mg／L卡那霉素筛选和GUS检测,获得了转基因苹果抗性芽。荧光定量RT—PCR检测结果显示,转基因苹果抗性芽内多酚氧化酶基因的干扰效果达91．69％以上,研究结果证实多酚氧化酶双链RNA干扰在转基因苹果上是可行的。     

苹果多酚氧化酶双链RNA干扰(RNAi)研究

以成熟苹果果实的RNA为模板,经RT-PCR扩增并克隆苹果多酚氧化酶(APPO)长度为710bp的反义、正义基因片段.以副球菌中类胡罗卜素合成有关的(crtW+crtY)融合基因片段YYT为间隔区,将APPO反义基因片段、YYT和APPO正义基因片段串联,构成全长为2446bp的DNA并插入到植物双元载体pYPX145中,构成可表达苹果多酚氧化酶双链RNA的植物双元载体pYF7704.以根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法转化苹果栽培品种红富士,通过50mg/L卡那霉素筛选和GUS检测,获得了转基因苹果抗性芽.荧光定量RT-PCR检测结果显示,转基因苹果抗性芽内多酚氧化酶基因的干扰效果达91.69%以上,研究结果证实多酚氧化酶双链RNA干扰在转基因苹果上是可行的.     

植物遗传工程

961449 葡萄多酚氧化酶的分子分析及PPO表达的反义介导抑制的研究[英]/Martinez,M.V.…//Abstr.Pap.Am.Chem.Soc.-1995,209Meet.,Pt.1.-AGF022[译自DBA,1995,14(22),95-13271] 降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)表达的新方法是通过导入反义PPO基因构建物产生葡萄转基因植株。克隆并测序的红色葡萄品种中的PPO基因,并利用葡萄     

鸭梨PAL基因的反义遗传转化及表达分析

苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanin ammonia-lyase,PAL,EC4.3.1.5)是植物通过苯丙烷代谢途径合成木质素的关键酶和限速酶,其通过影响木质素的合成而与果实中石细胞的分化、发育及果实品质密切相关。为了降低鸭梨中苯丙氨酸解氨酶的含量,该研究利用反义PAL基因遗传转化鸭梨、降低鸭梨内源PAL基因的表达。结果表明:(1)采用RT-PCR技术,利用根据Gen Bank中西洋梨PAL基因序列设计特异性引物,扩增得到496 bp的鸭梨PAL基因片段。(2)将扩增片段反向插入载体p BI121的MCS区域,构建植物PAL基因反义表达载体p BI121-As PAL。接着采用电转化法将反义表达载体转入农杆菌EHA105中,并制备出农杆菌工程菌液。(3)利用农杆菌介导法对鸭梨组培苗叶片外植体进行遗传转化,得到23株转基因鸭梨苗。PCR检测证实PAL反义基因片段转入鸭梨中,实时定量PCR检测表明转基因鸭梨苗体内PAL基因表达量均有所降低,为非转基因苗的65%~75%。该研究结果表明利用反义RNA技术获得了抑制内源性PAL基因表达的转基因鸭梨植株,为改善鸭梨果实品质、改良品种奠定了基础。     

‘鸭梨’果心多酚氧化酶提取方法的优化

以‘鸭梨’为供试材料,通过设定不同实验条件,分析影响果心多酚氧化酶（polyphenoloxidase,PPO）提取效率的部分因素,以期找到提取‘鸭梨’果心多酚氧化酶的最适条件。结果表明：磷酸盐提取缓冲液的pH≥7．0,提取缓冲液中分别含有0．2％TritonX-100、1％SDS、6％-8％PVP、2％PVPP以及每克果心鲜样中加入2mg抗坏血酸时均能高效提取‘鸭梨’果心PP0。     

康乃馨ACC氧化酶cDNA的克隆及其反义植物表达载体的构建

以康乃馨（Dianthus caryophyllus L.)花瓣为材料,用改进的异硫氰酸胍一步法提取总RNA,根据已报道的康乃馨ACC氧化酶（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase,CO)基因的序列设计产合成一对引物,通过RT-PCR方法获得一约1.2kb特异片段,把该片段连接pGEM^(R)-Teasy vector上进行测序,其全长共1156bp,编码区915bp。共编码304个氨基酸残基,序列分析结果表明该序列与GenBankL35152中的康乃馨ACC氧化酶基因的cDNA序列完全相符,推断该基因在康乃馨种内可能是完全或高度保守的,随 后将此片段反向插入植物表达载体pBI121的35S启动子和NOS终止子之间,构建了一反义植物表达载体pBO;又把花特异表达启动子PchsA插入pBI121的HindⅢ Xbal位点构建中间载体pGHB,再把康乃馨ACC氧化酶基因反向插入中间载体pCHB的XbaI Satl位点构建成另一反义植物表达载体pCBO。     

鸭梨α-法尼烯合成酶基因双链RNAi表达载体的构建

目的：为了在转基因鸭梨植株中有效抑制转录后α-法尼烯合成酶基因（PFS）的表达,研究了α-法尼烯合成酶基因双链RNAi载体的构建。方法：利用RT—PCR技术,从鸭梨的果皮中获得了来源于PFS编码区的2个基因片段,反向连接,构建成RNAi载体。结果：经PCR扩增、限制性内切酶消化和序列测定验证,所构建的载体其序列与设计相一致。结论：克隆质粒pMD-L-S构建成功,为借助农杆菌介导法将PFS基因转化到鸭梨再生植株中奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.