含H5N1多个结构抗原的DNA疫苗与重组痘苗病毒疫苗联合免疫小鼠可明显增强免疫原性

本研究旨在研发经济、高效的人高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1实验疫苗并优化免疫方案。利用本实验室前期构建的含有H5N1(安徽株)结构基因的多个单顺反子(HAop和NAop)和双顺反子(HAop/M2和NAop/M1)DNA疫苗及重组痘苗病毒(天坛株)疫苗,采用不同方案(单独或联合)免疫BALB/c小鼠,初步分析了抗原特异性体液免疫(HA血凝抑制抗体,NA特异性抗体,中和抗体及M1与M2特异性抗体)和细胞免疫应答(IFN-γELIS-pot)的特点。结果表明:DNA疫苗与重组痘苗病毒(天坛株)疫苗联合免疫可以激发较强的多个抗原特异的免疫应答,尤其是体液免疫应答,明显优于DNA疫苗或重组痘苗病毒(天坛株)疫苗单独免疫;联合免疫方案中DNA疫苗初免所激发的HA与NA特异的体液免疫应答强于重组痘苗病毒(天坛株)疫苗初免,然而M1与M2特异的体液免疫应答则反之。本研究为新型H5N1疫苗的研发及免疫方案的优化奠定了基础。     

表达中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒S蛋白的重组痘苗病毒的构建及免疫效果初步评价

目的:以痘苗病毒天坛株为载体,构建表达中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-Co V)S蛋白的重组病毒疫苗,并进行免疫效果评价。方法:通过PCR扩增获得去除跨膜区的S蛋白基因片段SQ,并构建重组痘苗病毒载体质粒p JSC11Lac Z7.5SQ,将重组质粒与痘苗病毒同源重组并单斑纯化获得重组病毒毒株RVVMERS-SQ,重组病毒免疫小鼠后用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和假病毒微量中和实验检测其诱发的S蛋白体液免疫反应水平。结果:构建了表达MERS-Co V去跨膜区S蛋白的重组病毒RVVMERS-SQ,其免疫小鼠后诱发了强的S蛋白体液免疫反应,血清Ig G抗体滴度为1∶3200,中和抗体滴度达到1∶1000。结论:重组痘苗病毒RVVMERS-SQ可在BALB/c小鼠体内诱发强的免疫反应,为MERS-Co V疫苗的研发提供了实验基础。     

共表达H5N1流感病毒M1和HA基因的DNA疫苗与腺病毒载体疫苗的小鼠免疫评价

为评价在小鼠体内表达流感病毒M1和HA基因诱导的免疫反应,制备共表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (A/Anhui/1/2005) 全长基质蛋白1 (M1) 基因和血凝素 (HA) 基因的重组DNA疫苗pStar-M1/HA和重组腺病毒载体疫苗Ad-M1/HA,将其按初免-加强程序免疫BALB/c小鼠,共免疫4次,每次间隔14 d。第1、3次用DNA疫苗,第2、4次用重组腺病毒载体疫苗,每次免疫前及末次免疫后14 d采集小鼠血清用于检测体液免疫应答,末次免疫后14 d采集小鼠脾淋巴细胞用于检测细胞免疫应答。血凝     

EIAV env基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的观察

将马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗及其亲本株env基因克隆到痘苗病毒表达载体pSC65的pE/L启动子下游,通过同源重组插入到痘苗病毒天坛株基因组TK区,经蓝白斑筛选获得重组痘苗病毒rvv-DLVenv和rvv-LNenv,Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达,结果表明重组痘苗病毒能够有效表达完整的EIAV Env蛋白,其肌肉接种免疫小鼠后,表达的目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够诱导机体产生有效的体液和细胞免疫应答,其中以细胞免疫效果更为显著,CTL特异性裂解最高可达28%.本研究为EIAV基因工程疫苗的开发研制奠定了基础.     

携带EBV-LMP2基因的DNA疫苗、腺相关病毒疫苗和腺病毒疫苗免疫小鼠的特异性细胞免疫应答

细胞免疫应答, 尤其是CD3⁺CD8⁺细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL), 在控制病毒感染中扮演着重要角色. 鼻咽癌(nasopharyngenl carcinoma, NPC)与EB病毒(epstein-barr virus, EBV)持续感染密切相关, 在鼻咽癌疫苗的研究中, 人们将研究重点放在增强特异性抗病毒CTL应答上. 本研究单独或联合使用表达EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白抗原2(epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 2, EBV-LMP2)的DNA疫苗、腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus, AAV)疫苗、非复制5型腺病毒疫苗(Ad5), 分别于0, 2, 4周肌肉注射免疫4~6周龄的雌性Balb/C小鼠, IFN-γ 免疫斑点法检测EBV-LMP2特异性细胞免疫应答水平. 疫苗诱导的特异性细胞应答水平与疫苗的免疫策略有关. 其中, 使用3种载体疫苗联合免疫的效果最好, 其次则是先使用DNA疫苗免疫两次, 再用腺病毒疫苗加强免疫一次的联合免疫方法. DNA疫苗和AAV疫苗单独免疫能够诱导出特异性的CTL, 但与联合免疫相比诱导的应答水平很低. 结果表明, 使用DNA, AAV和腺病毒载体疫苗联合免疫, 能够更好地诱导机体产生特异性细胞免疫应答, 为鼻咽癌的防治提供了很好的疫苗策略.     

表达SIV Gag/Env基因的DNA疫苗、重组腺病毒和重组痘苗病毒三载体疫苗联合免疫小鼠的细胞免疫研究

获得性免疫缺陷综合征即艾滋病是人类面临的严重公共卫生威胁,目前常用的药物疗法仍存在一定的缺陷,尚不能彻底治愈AIDS并阻断HIV的传播。将治疗型疫苗用于HIV感染的治疗具有一定的发展潜力,但缺乏适宜的HIV感染动物模型阻碍了治疗型HIV疫苗的研制。SIV能够感染非人灵长动物并引起类似AIDS的猴免疫缺陷病,因而常被用作研究HIV及其疫苗的替代动物模型。为了对SIV疫苗在猴感染模型中治疗SIV感染的效果进行评价,我们分别构建了表达SIV gag和env基因的DNA疫苗、重组腺病毒和重组痘苗病毒疫苗,并联合使用这三种疫苗免疫小鼠,对包括不同抗原组合、不同免疫次序及间隔的免疫策略进行探索和优化。IFN-γ酶联免疫斑点和小鼠体内杀伤试验的结果显示,通过三载体疫苗联合免疫,能够在小鼠体内诱导出强度较高、持续时间较长的SIV Gag/Env特异性细胞免疫反应。并且,重复免疫后仍可以诱导较高水平的免疫反应。该结果为在SIV感染猴模型中评价多载体疫苗序贯和重复免疫治疗SIV感染的研究奠定了基础,也为治疗型HIV疫苗的研究提供了参考。     

5个HIV基因修饰可明显提高其在不同系统中的表达

目的:确定HIV-1疫苗中有效的交叉保护性细胞免疫抗原,提高各个基因在相应疫苗载体中的表达水平,为研究不同抗原在DNA载体和痘苗病毒载体中的免疫原性奠定实验基础。方法:选择HIV B′/C亚型5个以细胞免疫为主的抗原(Gag、Pol、Rev、Tat和Nef),进行基因序列优化及表达结构改造,并分别构建以质粒DNA和重组痘苗病毒为载体的两大类HIV-1疫苗。结果:优化前后5个目的基因均能够在这2种载体中有效表达;虽然采用相同的基因修饰策略,但与痘苗病毒载体相比,在DNA载体中各基因表达水平的提高均较为明显;含有抑制性序列(INS)的gag、pol基因经密码子优化后,Gag、Pol蛋白的表达均明显提高,其中Pol蛋白的提高更为明显,单独pol基因比gagpol天然结构表达水平要高,而gag基因却变化不大;对于rev、tat、nef基因而言,优化后的单独基因结构要略高于优化后的融合结构(hRTN),且二者均高于未优化的融合结构(RTN)。结论:为进一步确定HIV-1疫苗中有效的交叉保护性细胞免疫抗原、研究不同抗原在DNA载体和痘苗病毒载体中的免疫原性奠定了实验基础,为进一步研究DNA疫苗和重组痘苗病毒疫苗联合免疫提供了实验依据。     

EIAV env基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的观察

将马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗及其亲本株env基因克隆到痘苗病毒表达载体pSC65的pE／L启动子下游,通过同源重组插入到痘苗病毒天坛株基因组TK区,经蓝白斑筛选获得重组痘苗病毒rvv—DINenv和rvv—LNenv,Westem blot检测目的蛋白的表达,结果表明重组痘苗病毒能够有效表达完整的EIAV Env蛋白,其肌肉接种免疫小鼠后,表达的目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够诱导机体产生有效的体液和细胞免疫应答,其中以细胞免疫效果更为显著,CTL特异性裂解最高可达28％。本研究为EIAV基因工程疫苗的开发研制奠定了基础。     

IL-15基因佐剂对HIV-1B亚型gp160DNA及腺病毒载体疫苗的免疫效果的影响

本研究构建了IL15质粒以评估其对表达HIV-1gp160的DNA和腺病毒5型载体疫苗的免疫效果的影响。我们构建表达IL15的质粒pVR-IL15,将pVR-IL15联合pVR-HIVgp160初免Ad5-HIVgp160加强方式免疫BALB/c小鼠,用IFN-γELISPOT和ELISA等方法比较疫苗单独免疫组小鼠与疫苗加IL15佐剂组小鼠诱导的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应的强度。结果显示疫苗加IL15佐剂组小鼠诱导的细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应比疫苗单独免疫组小鼠相均有显著增强。构建的IL15基因佐剂可以增强HIV DNA疫苗初免和腺病毒疫苗加强免疫策略的免疫效果。     

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒ORF2与猪GM-CSF基因重组腺病毒共表达及免疫效果分析

旨在构建含融合基因pGMCSF-ORF2的重组腺病毒,并对其表达水平和免疫效果进行分析.运用PCR方法扩增PCV2 ORF2和pGM-CSF基因,拼接后克隆入pMD18-T载体,然后再亚克隆入腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV中,阳性穿梭质粒经PmeⅠ酶线性化后电转化含腺病毒基因组(AdEasy-1)的大肠杆菌细胞BJ5183-Ad-1,成功获得了重组腺病毒DNA.将纯化后的重组腺病毒DNA转染AD293细胞,经过病毒基因组的PCR和转录水平的RT-PCR及Western blot等方面对融合蛋白的表达进行了鉴定.以该病毒免疫Babl/c小白鼠,对免疫小鼠血清中PCV2抗体进行检测.结果显示,获得了pGMCSF-ORF2重组基因,重组腺病毒载体构建成功,获得了表达pGMCSF-ORF2融合蛋白的重组腺病毒.该病毒免疫小鼠后,在小鼠血清中检测到了PCV2的特异性抗体.获得的重组腺病毒能有效表达pGMCSF-ORF2融合蛋白,且可诱导小鼠产生针对PCV2的特异性抗体.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细