中药香薷不同部位总黄酮及3种主要黄酮成分含量分析

中药材中活性成分的含量是中药品质优劣的关键指标。本文建立了香薷中总黄酮和3种主要黄酮的分析方法,探索不同部位黄酮含量的差异,为香薷黄酮类成分的开发利用奠定基础。结果表明优化后的分光光度法对香薷总黄酮测定具有专一性、稳定性。高效液相色谱测定木犀草素、芹菜素和黄芩素-7-甲醚的方法在测定范围内表现出良好的线性关系（r＞0.999）;方法的回收率在98.77%~102.13%之间,RSD均小于5%;不同部位总黄酮的含量由高到低依次为：苞＞尖＞茎＞根,且江西产香薷总黄酮的含量高于浙江产的香薷。这提示在工业生产上提取香薷黄酮类物质时尽量选择道地药材,同时可考虑弃去根部及茎的下端,以便提高浸提效率,增加经济效益。本试验建立的香薷中总黄酮和游离黄酮的测定方法准确、稳定,明确了香薷中总黄酮主要富集在花苞及附近,为进一步提高香薷资源的开发利用提供了理论依据和科学指导。     

石香薷挥发油提取的比较研究

利用GC-MS对石香薷挥发油进行了定性、定量分析。采取超临界CO2萃取、水蒸气蒸馏和有机溶剂石油醚萃取这三种方法提取石香薷挥发油。这三种方法提取石香薷挥发油的主要成分基本相似,主要为含氧化合物(香薷酮、百里香酚和香荆芥酚)等,采取超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏的石香薷挥发油品质较优。超临界CO2萃取法为提取石香薷挥发油的理想方法。     

几种试剂处理对石香薷种子萌发的影响

在试验条件下,分别用几种不同的试剂单独或联合对石香薷种子进行预处理,结果表明:用质量分数1.0%的KNO3进行预处理的石香薷种子,在湿沙发芽床上萌发效果较其它不同浓度的试剂均要好,而几种试剂联合预处理对石香薷种子萌发的促进作用不明显。     

不同提取方法对黔产水香薷挥发性成分的影响

比较不同提取方法对黔产水香薷挥发性成分影响。采用固相微萃取法、水蒸气蒸馏法提取水香薷挥发性成分,用GC-MS联用仪进行测定,结合NIST05和WILEY275谱库鉴定各化合物,峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对含量。利用两种提取方法供从水香薷中鉴别出67个化合物。从固相微萃取法提取物中检测并鉴定了45个化合物,而从水蒸气蒸馏法提取物种检测并鉴定了55个化合物。其中挥发性相同的化合物有33种,两种不同提取方法得到的挥发性成分虽有差异,但主要成分变化不大。体外抗菌试验表明,水香薷挥发性成分具有抑菌作用。这些研究结果为香料植物水香薷的开发提供了科学依据。     

Effects of different extraction methods on volatile chemical constituents of the Elscholtzia kachinensis distributed in Guizhou Province

比较不同提取方法对黔产水香薷挥发性成分影响.采用固相微萃取法、水蒸气蒸馏法提取水香薷挥发性成分,用GC-MS联用仪进行测定,结合NIST05和WILEY275谱库鉴定各化合物,峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对含量.利用两种提取方法供从水香薷中鉴别出67个化合物.从固相微萃取法提取物中检测并鉴定了45个化合物,而从水蒸气蒸馏法提取物种检测并鉴定了55个化合物.其中挥发性相同的化合物有33种,两种不同提取方法得到的挥发性成分虽有差异,但主要成分变化不大.体外抗菌试验表明,水香薷挥发性成分具有抑菌作用.这些研究结果为香料植物水香薷的开发提供了科学依据.     

小兴安岭野生香薷与藿香挥发油化学成分的分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小兴安岭野生香薷与蒮香地上部分挥发油并利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GCMS)检测,通过自动质谱解卷积定性系统(AMDIS)结合程序升温保留指数(PTRIs)鉴定技术对GC-MS数据进行化学成分分析。在香薷与蒮香挥发油中鉴定出42种与41种化学成分,分别占总积分面积的92.80%与97.92%;香薷挥发油中主要成分为去氢香薷酮(58.17%)和香薷酮(18.40%),蒮香挥发油中主要化成分为甲基胡椒醚(68.20%)、柠檬烯(7.54%)、甲基丁香酚(6.26%)及丁香烯(4.72%),小兴安岭野生蒮香的化学型为甲基胡椒醚型。     

假霜霉一新种

本文报道寄生在香薷上的一种新的假霜霉,命名为香薷假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora elsh-oltniae Taog sp. Nov.),并作了描述。     

湘产石香薷化学成分分析及挥发油提取工艺优化

为探索湘产石香薷活性成分,本文对湘产石香薷成分进行检测。结果表明:石香薷中主要含多糖、氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质,鞣质、黄酮及其甙类、内脂、香豆精及其甙类、甾体、挥发油,酚类和有机酸。采用正交试验对石香薷挥发油的提取工艺进行优化,结果表明,采用有机溶剂法提取石香薷挥发油的最佳提取条件为:两步提取,第一、二次提取时间比为5:3,溶剂与原料的投放总比例为8:1(mL/g),提取温度为65℃。GC-MS出峰67个,鉴定出46种化学成分,其中百里香酚含量最高,占挥发油总量的58.33%。     

4种香薷的花粉和果实形态扫描电镜比较观察

４种香薷的花粉和果实形态扫描电镜比较观察胡珊梅范崔生（厦门市药品检验所厦门３６１０１２）（江西中医学院药学系南昌３３０００６）关键词香薷;江香薷;花粉;果实;扫描电镜ＴＨＥＳＣＡＮＮＩＮＧＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＭＩＣＲＯＳＣＯＰＥＯＦＰＯＬＬＥＮＡＮＤＦＲ...     

大冶铜绿山矿区海州香薷(Elsholtzia hai-chowensis)植物地球化学特征分析

研究了大冶钢绿山矿区海洲香薷(Elsholtziahaichowensis)及其群落中几种主要植物Cu、Mn、Zn、Cd、Pb的累积分布,植物与土壤元素、Cu矿的关系,并对海洲香薷的重金属耐受性、铜矿的指示作用作了初步探讨.结果显示海洲香薷植物中的元素表现为Cu＞Mn＞Zn＞Pb＞Cd.其中Cu、Mn、Pb元素含量表现为根＞叶＞茎,Zn、Cd表现为叶＞根＞茎.和其它植物相比,海洲香薷中的Cu、Mn、Cd含量均高于其它植物,是其它植物的1～10倍.海洲香薷与土壤元素关系中,Cu的相关性最显著,其次为Pb.海洲香薷集中分布于矿区内含Cu较高的土壤上(1645～8950ug/g),其分布与Cu密切相关.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.