CXCR4 抑制剂AMD3100 对大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压作用的实验研究

目的:研究CXC趋化因子受体-4(CXC Chemokine receptor-4,CXCR4)的抑制剂(AMD3100)对大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的影响。方法:将实验动物随机分为常氧对照组、低氧组、低氧+AMD3100组,采用低压低氧法建立大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压模型,4周后观察低氧对CXCR4表达的影响及各组大鼠血流动力学、右心室肥厚指标和组织病理学改变。培养原代大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(Pulmonary arterial smooth cells,PASMCs),分别低氧处理及给予AMD3100,观察细胞迁移、增殖情况。结果:1低氧组大鼠CXCR4表达增加,右心室压力(Mean right ventricle pressure,m RVP)、右心室肥厚指标(Right ventricle/Body weight,RV/BW;Right ventricle/Left ventricle plus septum,RV/(LV+S))增加,肺细小动脉管壁增厚,造模成功;低氧+AMD3100组大鼠m RVP和RV/BW、RV/(LV+S)比值、肺细小动脉管壁增厚程度较低氧组明显降低(P0.05)。2低氧组PASMCs与常氧组相比,细胞迁移及增殖均明显增加;AMD3100组PASMCs迁移和增殖与低氧组相比受抑制(P0.05)。结论:AMD3100能有效的降低大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的m RVP,抑制肺细小动脉管壁的增生,减轻右心室的肥厚,其有可能是通过抑制了PASMCs的迁移和增殖,从而抑制肺血管的重建,防治低氧性肺动脉高压。     

三七总皂甙对低氧大鼠肺动脉压和肺组织ERK1/2表达的影响

目的:观察三七总皂甙(PNS)对慢性低氧大鼠肺动脉压、肺组织细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)表达的影响,探讨PNS预防低氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)的作用和机制。方法:将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:对照组、低氧组和低氧+PNS组。以常压低氧法复制肺动脉高压模型,以微导管法测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP),测量右心室(RV)及左心室加室间隔(LV+S)的重量,以RV/(LV+S)代表右心肥厚指数。用Western blot法和逆转录PCR方法分别检测肺组织中磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK1/2)蛋白和细胞外信号调节激酶1(ERK1)mRNA的表达。结果:与对照组相比,低氧组大鼠mPAP、RV/(LV+S)明显升高,肺组织匀浆pERK及ERK1 mRNA含量显著升高(P<0.01)。低氧+PNS组mPAP、RV/(LV+S)、肺组织匀浆pERK及ERK1 mRNA含量明显低于低氧组(P<0.05)。结论:PNS具有显著预防HPH的作用,其机理可能与其降低ERK1 mRNA的表达有关。     

罗格列酮对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠PPARr和PTEN 表达的影响

目的：研究罗格列酮（rosiglitazone, RSG）对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-r（Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPAR-r）和10 号染色体缺失张力蛋白同源磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, PTEN）表达的影响。方法：SD 大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低氧组、低氧+ 罗格利酮组,建立低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模 型,4 周后测定各组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标,同时检测各实验组PPAR-r、PTEN 的表达和组织病理学变化。培养原代大鼠 肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分别给与低氧、低氧+罗格列酮、低氧+GW9662 处理后观察细胞增殖及PPARr、PTEN 的表达变化。结果：① 与正常组相比,低氧组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标明显增加,肺小动脉管壁增厚,PPAR-r、PTEN 的表达明显减少。与低氧组相 比,低氧+罗格列酮组大鼠右心室压力下降,右心室及肺小动脉管壁的肥厚减轻,PTEN 的表达增加。②低氧下,PASMCs 中 PPARr、PTEN表达明显减低,细胞增殖较常氧明显增加,给与罗格列酮后,PTEN 表达增加,给与GW9662,PTEN表达减少。③罗 格列酮可以抑制PASMCs低氧下的增殖,而给与GW9662 后,这一抑制作用减轻。结论：早期应用罗格列酮可激活低氧性肺动脉 高压大鼠PPARr的活性,进而上调PTEN表达,改善低氧性肺动脉高压。     

ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂埃他卡林对大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的影响

目的 :探讨新型ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂 (KATPCO)埃他卡林 (iptkalim ,Ipt)对低氧性肺动脉高压 (HPH)大鼠肺血管重构的影响。方法 :将大鼠置于常压低氧舱内 (O2 1 0 %± 0 .5 % ) ,8h/d ,每周 6d ,4周后测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、RV/ (LV +S) ;用图象分析仪测量与呼吸性细支气管伴行的肺小动脉外径 (ED)、动脉中层壁厚 (MT)、动脉管壁中层面积 (MA)、动脉管腔面积 (VA)和血管总面积 (TAA)。结果 :慢性低氧组大鼠的mPAP和RV/ (LV +S)显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;图象分析显示低氧组大鼠肺小动脉中层壁厚与动脉外径百分比 (MT % )、动脉壁中层面积与血管总面积百分比 (MA % )均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;慢性低氧组大鼠肺小动脉管腔面积 (VA)与血管总面积 (TAA)百分比显著低于正常组 (P <0 .0 1 )。Ipt 0 .75mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 和 1 .50mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 均可显著抑制低氧性肺血管壁重构 ,降低肺动脉压 ,减少右心室肥厚 ,1 .50mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 则可逆转持续低氧所致的所有病理性变化。结论 :新型KATPCO埃他卡林是一个富有潜力的治疗HPH药物     

慢性低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织内质网应激介导的凋亡的变化

目的:探讨内质网应激介导的凋亡在低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中的变化及意义.方法:清洁级雄性SD大鼠22只随机被均分成对照组和低氧组(n=11).采用常压低氧法复制慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压模型,4周后,测定肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室游离壁(RV)和左心室加室间隔(LV+S)重量比、肺细小动脉管壁面积/管总面积...     

罗格列酮对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠PPARγ和PTEN表达的影响

目的:研究罗格列酮(rosiglitazone,RSG)对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma,PPARγ)和10号染色体缺失张力蛋白同源磷酸酶基因(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低氧组、低氧+罗格利酮组,建立低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型,4周后测定各组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标,同时检测各实验组PPARγ、PTEN的表达和组织病理学变化。培养原代大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分别给与低氧、低氧+罗格列酮、低氧+GW9662处理后观察细胞增殖及PPARγ、PTEN的表达变化。结果:1与正常组相比,低氧组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标明显增加,肺小动脉管壁增厚,PPARγ、PTEN的表达明显减少。与低氧组相比,低氧+罗格列酮组大鼠右心室压力下降,右心室及肺小动脉管壁的肥厚减轻,PTEN的表达增加。2低氧下,PASMCs中PPARγ、PTEN表达明显减低,细胞增殖较常氧明显增加,给与罗格列酮后,PTEN表达增加,给与GW9662,PTEN表达减少。3罗格列酮可以抑制PASMCs低氧下的增殖,而给与GW9662后,这一抑制作用减轻。结论:早期应用罗格列酮可激活低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠PPARγ的活性,进而上调PTEN表达,改善低氧性肺动脉高压。     

尾加压素Ⅱ及其受体在肺动脉高压大鼠右心室的表达

目的：观察尾加压素Ⅱ（UⅡ）及其受体UT在慢性低Q高C02肺动脉高压大鼠右心室的表达。方法：健康SD大鼠20只随机分成正常对照组和低氧高二氧化碳4周（HH）组,分别测定平均肺动脉压力（InPAP）,右心室游离壁（Rv）和左心室加室间隔（LV＋S）的重量比;放免法测定大鼠血浆UⅡ含量;免疫组化方法检测心肌细胞、心肌小动脉UⅡ蛋白的表达;组织原位杂交方法检测心肌细胞、心肌小动脉UⅡmRNA和UⅡ受体（UT）mRNA的表达。结果：①HH组InPAP和RV／LV＋S比正常对照组分别高52．0％与25．4％（P均〈0．01）。②HH组血浆UⅡ水平较正常对照组无明显增高。③免疫组化显示HH组心肌细胞UⅡ蛋白表达阳性率和心肌小动脉UⅡ蛋白表达的平均吸光度值均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。④组织原位杂交可见HH组的心肌细胞UⅡmRNA表达阳性率和心肌小动脉UⅡmRNA表达的平均吸光度值均明显高于正常对照组（P均〈0．01）。⑤组织原位杂交可见HH组的心肌细胞UTmRNA表达阳性率和心肌小动脉UTmRNA表达的平均吸光度值均较正常对照组明显增高（P均〈0．01）。结论：慢性低氧高二氧化碳性大鼠肺动脉高压及右室肥大形成过程中,心肌小动脉和心肌细胞的UⅡ及其受体UT的表达均呈现明显上调,提示UⅡ可能有促进心肌细胞增殖,导致右心室重构的作用。推测UⅡ在慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压及右室肥大的形成机制中具有重要的病理生理意义。     

增殖细胞核抗原在低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞中表达

目的通过建立低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型,探讨增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在大鼠低氧性肺血管平滑肌细胞中的表达。方法将SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10)、模型组(n=10),通过间断常压低氧法建立大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压模型,肺组织切片经HE染色后图像分析技术定量检测大鼠肺小动脉的形态改变;免疫组织化学染色法测定肺血管平滑肌细胞内PCNA蛋白表达,并经图像分析半定量检测其表达强度。结果 4周后,模型组SD大鼠MT%、MA%与对照组比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);模型组SD大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞内PCNA核蛋白表达(积分面积、累积光密度)与对照组比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论常压低氧4周可成功建立肺动脉高压大鼠模型,PCNA在肺血管平滑肌细胞中的表达量具有差异性提示其可能在肺动脉高压形成过程中起重要作用。     

低氧性肺动脉高压小鼠肺组织apoE蛋白表达的变化及其意义

目的：观察低氧性肺动脉高压小鼠肺组织中载脂蛋白E（apoE）蛋白表达的变化,以探讨低氧性肺动脉高压形成过程中apoE蛋白表达的变化及可能的意义。方法：SPF级雄性野生型（WT）C57BL/6小鼠和雄性apoE基因敲除（apoE-KO）小鼠各20只,各随机再分为2组（n=10）：常氧组和低氧组,共4组。常压连续低氧3周（9%~11% O₂,23 h/d）复制慢性低氧性肺动脉高压模型,采用右心导管法测定小鼠右心室压（RVSP）,计算右心室与左心室加室间隔重量比RV/（LV+S）,ELISA法检测血浆中高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和总胆固醇（TC）的含量;Western blot法检测肺组织中apoE和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）蛋白的表达。结果：①低氧组WT小鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）分别较常氧组高68%和59%（P均<0.05）,血浆中HDL含量及HDL/LDL比值分别较常氧组低17%和40%（P均<0.05）,同时肺、肝组织中apoE及肺组织中PPARγ的蛋白表达分别较常氧组下调48%、52%和37%（P均<0.05）,RVSP与apoE及PPARγ蛋白表达均呈显著负相关（P均<0.01）;②低氧组apoE-KO小鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）较常氧组分别高96%和86%（P均<0.05）,低氧组apoE-KO小鼠RVSP和RV/（LV+S）较低氧组WT小鼠分别高29%和24%（P均<0.05）。结论：小鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的形成与肺组织中apoE蛋白表达下调有关。     

肺动脉高压大鼠肺内5-HT1B受体的分布和表达变化

目的:观察低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺内5-HT1B受体的分布和表达变化,探讨低氧性肺动脉高压的形成机制.方法:40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组(control)、低氧3周组(2w)、低氧4周组(4w)和低氧5周组(5w).除正常组外,其余3组大鼠分别在低氧环境中饲养3周、4周和5周.测定各组大鼠的平均肺动脉压力(mPAP)、右心室收缩压(RVSP)和右心室肥厚度[RV/(LV+S)%].应用免疫组织化学法观察大鼠肺组织中5-HT1B受体的分布和表达,Western blot法测定大鼠肺组织中5-HT1B受体的蛋白含量.结果:和正常组相比,低氧3周组大鼠的mPAP、RVSP和右心室肥厚度均显著升高(P均＜0.05),并且随着低氧时间的延长而持续升高(P均＜0.05).免疫组织化学结果显示:5-HT1B受体主要分布在正常大鼠肺动脉的内膜层,而平滑肌层中仅有少量表达:和正常组相比,低氧3周组大鼠肺动脉平滑肌层中5-HT1B受体的表达显著增多;随着低氧时间的延长,大鼠肺动脉平滑肌层中5-HT1B受体表达持续增多.Western blot结果表明,大鼠肺组织中5-HT1B受体的蛋白含量变化和免疫组织化学结果相一致.结论:低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中5-HT1B受体呈过度表达,这可能是低氧性肺动脉高压形成的分子机制之一.     

Gene expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and effect of heparin on their expression in mice with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension

The balance between cell proliferation and cell quiescence is regulated delicately by a variety of mediators, in which cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and CDK inhibitors (CDKI) play a very important role. Heparin which inhibits pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation increases the levels of two CDKIs, p21 and p27, although only p27 is important in inhibition of PASMC growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present study we investigated the expression profile of all the cell cycle regulating genes, including all seven CDKIs (p21, p27, p57, p15, p16, p18, and p19), in the lungs of mice with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. A cell cycle pathway specific gene microarray was used to profile the 96 genes involved in cell cycle regulation. We also observed the effect of heparin on gene expression. We found that (a) hypoxic exposure for two weeks significantly inhibited p27 expression and stimulated p18 activity, showing a 98% decrease in p27 and 81% increase in p18; (b) other CDKIs, p21, p57, p15, p16, and p19 were not affected significantly in response to hypoxia; (c) heparin treatment restored p27 expression, but did not influence p18; (d) ERK1/2 and p38 were mediators in heparin upregulation of p27. This study provides an expression profile of cell cycle regulating genes under hypoxia in mice with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and strengthens the previous finding that p27 is the only CDKI involved in heparin regulation of PASMC proliferation and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.     

5-HD对慢性低氧肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌PKC-α表达的作用

目的：研究线粒体ATP敏感钾通道（mitoKATP）抑制剂5-羟基癸酸盐（5-HD）对慢性低氧肺动脉高压大鼠的影响及其潜在机制。方法：雄性sD大鼠48只,随机分成4组（n=12）：①正常对照组;②慢性低氧组;③慢性低氧＋5-HD组;④慢性低氧＋Diazoxide（mitoKATP开放剂）组;除正常对照组外,其余3组置于氧舱内（氧浓度10％±0．3％）,每天低氧8h,并接受不同的干预,共4周。干预结束后右心导管法测各大鼠肺动脉压,RT-PCR和Western blot检测各组大鼠肺动脉PKC—α蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果：①慢性低氧组肺动脉压显著高于正常组（P〈0．01）,同时慢性低氧＋Diazoxide组与慢性低氧＋5．HD组肺动脉压较慢性低氧组显著减低（P〈0．01）。②慢性低氧组PKC—α蛋白及mRNA的相对表达显著高于正常组（P〈0．05）。结论：5-HD对慢性低氧肺动脉高压起保护作用,其机制可能是抑制线粒体ATP敏感钾通道。     

Hyperoxia and recovery from hypoxia alter collagen in peripheral pulmonary arteries similarly

Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension, the mechanism of which includes altered collagen metabolism in the pulmonary vascular wall. This chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is gradually reversible upon reoxygenation. The return to air after the adjustment to chronic hypoxia resembles in some aspects a hyperoxic stimulus and we hypothesize that the changes of extracellular matrix proteins in peripheral pulmonary arteries may be similar. Therefore, we studied the exposure to moderate chronic hyperoxia (FiO2 = 0.35, 3 weeks) in rats and compared its effects on the rat pulmonary vasculature to the effects of recovery (3 weeks) from chronic hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.1, 3 weeks). Chronically hypoxic rats had pulmonary hypertension (Pap = 26 +/- 3 mm Hg, controls 16 +/- 1 mm Hg) and right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary arterial blood pressure and right ventricle weight normalized after 3 weeks of recovery in air (Pap = 19 +/- 1 mm Hg). The rats exposed to moderate chronic hyperoxia also did not have pulmonary hypertension (Pap = 18 +/- 1 mm Hg, controls 17 +/- 1 mm Hg). Collagenous proteins isolated from the peripheral pulmonary arteries (100-300 microm) were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A dominant low molecular weight peptide (approx. 76 kD) was found in hypoxic rats. The proportion of this peptide decreases significantly in the course of recovery in air. In addition, another larger peptide doublet was found in rats recovering from chronic hypoxia. It was localized in polyacrylamide gels close to the zone of alpha2 chain of collagen type I. It was bound to anticollagen type I antibodies. An identically localized peptide was found in rats exposed to moderate chronic hyperoxia. The apparent molecular weight of this collagen fraction suggests that it is a product of collagen type I cleavage by a rodent-type interstitial collagenase (MMP-13). We conclude that chronic moderate hyperoxia and recovery from chronic hypoxia have a similar effect on collagenous proteins of the peripheral pulmonary arterial wall.     

慢性低氧所致肺动脉高压对大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞中蛋白激酶CβI的膜转位和蛋白表达量的影响

目的通过观察慢性低氧所致肺动脉高压对大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞中蛋白激酶CBI（PKCβI）的膜转位和蛋白表达量的影响,初步探讨PKCpI在慢性低氧诱导大鼠肺动脉高压的发生、发展过程中所起的作用。方法建立慢性常压低氧肺动脉高压大鼠模型,将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低氧1d、3d、7d、14d和21d组,应用蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组化技术检测肺动脉高压形成过程中大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞中PKCβI的膜转位和蛋白表达水平。结果（1）RVSP和RV／（LV＋S）比值较正常对照组明显增加（P〈0．05）,低氧后3d、7d、14d和21d后大鼠肺血管明显增厚;（2）大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞均有PKCβI的表达,且低氧14d后PKCβI的蛋白表达量较正常对照组相比降低（P〈0．05）。结论PKCβI蛋白表达量的下调可能参与了慢性低氧诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压肺血管重塑的发生、发展过程。     

一氧化氮对急、慢性缺氧大鼠血流动力学及缺氧性肺血管收缩反应的影响

观察了吸入０．００４％的一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对急、慢性缺氧大鼠血流动力学、缺氧性肺血管收缩反应（ＨＰＶ）、血气及高铁血红蛋白（ＭｅｔＨｂ）的影响。结果表明：（１）常氧吸入ＮＯ时能明显降低慢性缺氧大鼠肺动脉平均压（Ｐｐａ）和肺血管阻力（ＰＶＲ）,但对正常大鼠的Ｐｐａ和ＰＶＲ无明显影响;（２）慢性缺氧大鼠急性缺氧时ＨＰＶ较正常大鼠弱,吸入ＮＯ不但降低两者的急性缺氧肺动脉高压,且完全逆转两者的ＨＰＶ;（３）吸入ＮＯ对急、慢性缺氧大鼠体循环血流动力学、血气及ＭｅｔＨｂ含量无明显影响。提示吸入ＮＯ能选择性降低急、慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压,且逆转ＨＰＶ。     

Anti-platelet agents reduce morphological changes of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

The pathophysiologic mechanism by which chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension is unknown. If anti-platelet agents, or other pharmacologic interventions, altered the pulmonary vascular changes induced by hypoxia, information concerning the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension or the potential therapeutic usefulness of the drugs might be obtained. In Study 1, rats exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (PB = 520 mmHg) had a pulmonary arterial medial thickness of 6.7 +/- 0.6 mu compared to 4.1 +/- 0.2 mu* for control, normoxic rats (*p less than 0.05). Administration of dipyridamole (2mg/kg/day), or sulfinpyrazone (11 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water reduced the medial thickness to 5.0 +/- 0.3 mu* and 5.4 +/- 0.5 mu* respectively, thus suggesting the possible involvement of platelets in the response of the media to chronic hypoxia. In Study 2, hypoxic rats treated with the calcium blocker, flunarizine, were found to have less medial hypertrophy than a control group of hypoxic rats. This observation suggests that a decrease in transmembrane calcium flux may also reduce medial hypertrophy.     

Exercise training improves lung gas exchange and attenuates acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension but does not prevent pulmonary hypertension of prolonged hypoxia.

Our laboratory has previously shown an attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by exercise training (ET) (Henderson KK, Clancy RL, and Gonzalez NC. J Appl Physiol 90: 2057-2062, 2001), although the mechanism was not determined. The present study examined the effect of ET on the pulmonary arterial pressure (Pap) response of rats to short- and long-term hypoxia. After 3 wk of treadmill training, male rats were divided into two groups: one (HT) was placed in hypobaric hypoxia (380 Torr); the second remained in normoxia (NT). Both groups continued to train in normoxia for 10 days, after which they were studied at rest and during hypoxic and normoxic exercise. Sedentary normoxic (NS) and hypoxic (HS) littermates were exposed to the same environments as their trained counterparts. Resting and exercise hypoxic arterial P(O2) were higher in NT and HT than in NS and HS, respectively, although alveolar ventilation of trained rats was not higher. Lower alveolar-arterial P(O2) difference and higher effective lung diffusing capacity for O2 in NT vs. NS and in HT vs. HS suggest ET improved efficacy of gas exchange. Pap and Pap/cardiac output were lower in NT than NS in hypoxia, indicating that ET attenuates the initial vasoconstriction of hypoxia. However, ET had no effect on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: Pap and Pap/cardiac output in hypoxia were similar in HS vs HT. However, right ventricular weight was lower in HT than in HS, although Pap was not different. Because ET attenuates the initial pulmonary vasoconstriction of hypoxia, development of pulmonary hypertension may be delayed in HT rats, and the time during which right ventricular afterload is elevated may be shorter in this group. ET effects may improve the response to acute hypoxia by increasing efficacy of gas exchange and lowering right ventricular work.     

SENP1在大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压形成中肺血管壁中表达及可能作用

目的:探讨大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)形成过程中SENP1在肺小动脉的动态表达变化及作用。方法:40只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组(n=8):对照组和缺氧3 d、7 d、14 d2、1 d组,常压间断低氧复制HPH大鼠模型。测各组大鼠平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、右心室肥大指数(RVHI)、血管形态学指标;原位杂交、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肺内SUMO特异性蛋白酶-1(SUMO-specific proteases-1,SENP1)mRNA表达,免疫组化、Westernblot检测其蛋白质水平。结果:①缺氧7 d后,肺小动脉出现血管重塑,且mPAP明显上升;低氧14 d后,肺小动脉重塑更明显,mPAP达高峰。RVHI在低氧14 d后明显增加。②原位杂交显示,SENP1 mRNA在对照组肺小动脉壁呈阳性表达,低氧后其相对量无明显变化。RT-PCR显示肺组织SENP1 mRNA表达与原位杂交所观察到的肺小动脉壁SENP1 mRNA变化趋势一致;SENP1蛋白在对照组呈阳性表达,低氧7 d后其表达量开始呈进行性下降。Western blot显示肺组织内SENP1蛋白表达与免疫组化观察到的肺小动脉壁SENP1蛋白变化趋势一致。③SENP1蛋白与mPAP、重塑指数、RVHI均呈负相关。结论:慢性低氧诱导肺小动脉壁SENP1蛋白降解,进而可能在HPH发病过程中发挥一定的作用。     

Effect of dietary fish oil on lung lipid profile and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

The effects of dietary polyunsaturated fats on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension were assessed in rats fed fish oil, corn oil, or a lower fat, "high-carbohydrate" diet (regular) beginning 1 mo before the start of hypoxia (0.4 atm, n = 30 for each). Mean pulmonary arterial pressures were lower in the chronically hypoxic rats fed fish oil (19.7 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) than in the rats fed corn oil (25.3 +/- 1.6 mm Hg) or regular diets (27.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). The fish oil diet increased lung eicosapentaenoic acid 50-fold and depleted lung arachidonic acid 60% (P less than 0.0001 for each). Lung thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha levels were lower, and platelet aggregation, in response to collagen, was reduced in rats fed fish oil. Chronically hypoxic rats fed fish oil had lower mortality rates than the other hypoxic rats. They also had lower blood viscosity, as well as less right ventricular hypertrophy and less peripheral extension of vascular smooth muscle to intra-acinar pulmonary arteries (P less than 0.05 for each). The mechanism by which dietary fish oil decreases pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling during chronic hypoxia remains uncertain. The finding that a fish oil diet can reduce the hemodynamic and morphological sequelae of chronic hypoxia may have therapeutic significance.     

PAF antagonists inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.

Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats. Because platelet-activating factor (PAF) levels increase in lung lavage fluid and in plasma from chronically hypoxic rats, we examined the effect of two specific, structurally unrelated PAF antagonists, WEB 2170 and BN 50739, on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Treatment with either agent reduced hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy at 3 wk of hypoxic exposure (simulated altitude 5,100 m) but did not affect cobalt (CoCl2)-induced pulmonary hypertension. The PAF antagonists had no effect on the hematocrit of normoxic or chronically hypoxic rats or CoCl2-treated rats. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was associated with an increase in the vessel wall thickness of the muscular arteries and reduction in the number of peripheral arterioles. In WEB 2170-treated rats, these changes were significantly less severe than those observed in untreated chronically hypoxic rats. PAF receptor blockade had no acute hemodynamic effects; i.e., it did not affect pulmonary arterial pressure or cardiac output nor did it affect the magnitude of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in awake normoxic or chronically hypoxic rats. Isolated lungs from chronically hypoxic rats showed a pressor response to the chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and an increase in the number of leukocytes lavaged from the pulmonary circulation. In vivo treatment with WEB 2170 significantly reduced the fMLP-induced pressor response compared with that observed in isolated lungs from untreated chronically hypoxic rats. These results suggest that PAF contributes to the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)