A revision of Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. (Ranunculaceae)

In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy-two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of them, one series, five species, and two v     

Micropropagation of four Gentiana species (G. lutea, G. cruciata, G. purpurea and G. acaulis)

The growth of axillary shoots was initiated on nodal stem segments, excised from aseptically grown seedlings of Gentiana acaulis L., G. cruciata L., G. lutea L. and G. purpurea L. In later subcultures, a basal callus tissue developed on the shoots, giving rise to de novo formed buds. Optimum benzyladenine and indoleacetic acid combinations for shoot development were established. They were slightly different in the four species. From 35-70% of shoots rooted spontaneously, except in G. lutea, in which adventitious roots were induced by applying naphthaleneacetic acid. It was conduded that the four Gentiana species were amenable to propagation in vitro. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一株马兜铃内生真菌Colletotrichum sp.代谢产物中细胞毒活性成分的研究

从马兜铃内生真菌Colletotrichum sp.的大米发酵产物中分离得到6个化合物,经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为7-hydroxy-10-oxodehydrodihydrobotrydial(1)、格链孢酚(2)、5-甲氧基格链孢酚(3)、链格孢毒素I(4)、腾毒素(5)和二氢腾毒素(6)。以上化合物均为从该菌属中首次分离得到,其中化合物1～4对肺癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞有一定的细胞毒活性。     

胡葱与洋葱、葱亲缘关系初探

Allium ascalonicum L,在我国的邦名比较混乱,而且它与洋葱、葱的亲缘关系不清。作者认为,它在我国的邦名应规范为胡葱,同时,从性状比较的角度研究胡葱与洋葱、葱之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,胡葱的植物学特征和生物学特性介于洋葱和葱之间。     

山姜属中药草豆蔻和益智nrDNA ITS区序列的测定

中药草豆蔻、益智的原植物分别为山姜属草豆蔻（Ａｌｐｉｎｉａ ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋ．Ｓｃｈｕｍ．）与益智（Ａ．ｏｘｙｐｈｙｌａ Ｍｉｑ．）。本文采用ＰＣＲ直接测序法,首次测定了它们的核糖体ＤＮＡ ＩＴＳ区序列。结果显示,两者序列长度（ＩＴＳ１＋ＩＴＳ２）分别为４０３ｂｐ与４０４ｂｐ,序列间具有２７个变异位点（包括５．８Ｓ编码区）。本研究为山姜属中药材的ＤＮＡ分子鉴定提供了必要的序列资料。     

萝卜对土生空团菌菌丝生长的影响

纯培养条件下, 测定了十字花科植物萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)种子、幼苗、根系分泌物及幼苗提取物对土生空团菌(Cenococcum geophilum Fr. (Cg))菌株CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5、SPOP2 和Cg5#菌株生长的影响。结果表明供试Cg菌株与萝卜种子共培养, 或将萝卜根系分泌物和幼苗提取物加入到培养基中, 均促进了Cg菌丝生长。高温灭菌处理使萝卜根系分泌物和幼苗提取物对Cg菌株的促生作用更强, 而高温灭菌后的萝卜幼苗段对菌株生长影响不大。其中经高温灭菌处理的幼苗水提取物对5菌株的促生作用最大, CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5、SPOP2和Cg5#每菌落的菌丝干重分别达到: 54.8、45.8、63.9、41.2和50.5 mg。     

几种冰草属披碱草属牧草种群地上生物量形成规律的研究

本文从种群生态的层次,研究了在宁夏盐池干草原向荒漠草原过渡地带冰草属、披碱草属6种牧草种群地上生物量的形成规律。结果表明,供试牧草种群高度生长有明显季节性。与其它5种牧草相比,俄罗斯野麦草生长发育早而快,其种群地上生物量及有效营养物量生长季内的变化曲线均呈单峰式,在乳熟期最大值分别为141.3和86.0g/m²。此外,本文还指出了牧草的最佳利用时期,并在牧草生产上提出一些建议。     

金边黄杨与大叶黄杨光合特性的比较

在田间条件下,比较金边黄杨与大叶黄杨光合生理特性的结果表明：（1）金边黄杨的叶绿素含量极显著低于大叶黄杨,类胡萝卜素和花色素苷含量无显著差异;（2）金边黄杨的光合能力显著低于大叶黄杨,表现量子效率、羧化效率分别为大叶黄杨的54％和50％;（3）二者的净光合速率日变化均为单峰曲线,金边黄杨净光合速率和蒸腾速率日积分值分别为大叶黄杨的60％和75％。     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。     

一种寄生家蚕被毛孢的鉴定及产孢条件优化

【目的】对寄生家蚕的真菌被毛孢进行鉴定和孢子培养进行研究。【方法】采用形态特征比较和内转录间隔区(ITS)序列构建系统树进行鉴定,通过单因素筛选和正交试验进行产孢条件优化。【结果】根据形态特征比较和系统发育分析,该真菌为鹿儿岛被毛孢Hirsutella satumaensis Aoki。较优产孢条件为(质量体积比):蛋白胨3%,葡萄糖1%,蚕蛹粉1.5%,维生素B1 1%,硫酸镁0.05%,磷酸二氢钾0.1%,琼脂2%,蒸馏水1 000 mL,25°C。【结论】鹿儿岛被毛孢为已知种,文中对其显微特征进行了重新描述并补充相关分子系统学资料;产孢条件的优化可为该类群真菌孢子的获得与应用提供参考。     

大叶盘果菊化学成分的研究

采用乙醇提取,硅胶柱层析分离和波谱方法鉴定结构,从大叶盘果菊(Prenanthes macrophylla Franch)中初步分离鉴定出8个化合物:木栓酮(friedelin,1)、木栓醇(friedelanol,2)、α-香树脂醇(α-amyrin,3)、α-香树脂醇乙酸脂(α-amyrin acetate,4)、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(β-amyrin acetate,5)、蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯(taraxasteryl acetate,6)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,7)、二十八烷酸(octacosanoic acid,8),这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

中草药玄参化学成分的研究

从中草药玄参Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.的乙醇溶液中分离得到14个化合物,根据理化性质和光谱数据分析分别鉴定为柳杉酚(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、羽扇豆醇(3)、熊果酸(4)、鼠李糖(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)、蔗糖(7)、咖啡酸(8)、油酸(9)、3-O-(6’-O-palmitoyl-β-D-glucosyl)-spinasta-7,22-diene(10)、clematomanshurica saponin E(11)、α-caryphy(12)、雪松醇(13)和Scrophuloside A4(14)。其中化合物3,58,～14均为首次从玄参中分离得到。     

两种鹅掌楸繁殖成效的比较

通过交配设计结合花部性状调查对鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chktense Sarg.)与北美鹅掌楸(L.tulipifera Linn.)的繁殖资源分配与繁殖成效进行了比较.结果表明,鹅掌楸通过增加繁殖器官的数目以提高繁殖成效,而北美鹅掌楸则通过提高繁殖器官功效来保障繁殖成效.根据不同交配组合的子代出苗率分析表明,鹅掌楸总体的雄性繁殖成效高于北美鹅掌楸,而雌性繁殖成效低于北美鹅掌楸.     

Interspecific relationships of Caragana microphylla,C. davazamcii and C. korshinskii (Leguminosae) based on ITS and trnL-F data sets

The taxonomic treatment of Caragana davazamcii Sancz. has been a controversial matter, as its relationship with C. microphylla Lam. and C. korshinskii Kom. is not clear. It was treated as an independent species, or a variety under C. microphylla or C. korshinskii. This study is to examine the interspecific relationship of these three species and the origin of C. davazamcii based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F, combined with morphological data and geographical distribution. The trnL-F sequence of C. davazamcii is identical to that of C. microphylla but differs distinctly from that of C. korshinskii. The high congruence of ITS copies through both direct and cloning sequencing rejects the recent hybridization hypothesis of C. davazamcii between C. microphylla and C. korshinskii. In contrast, two different ITS sequence copies were found respectively in each individual of C. microphylla and C. korshinskii. One of the two ITS sequences in C. microphylla is identical to that of C. davazamcii. This result indicates that C. davazamcii might have taken part in the hybridization of C. microphylla as one parent , or that extensive gene flow might have occurred between these two species, thus resulting in the morphological similarity of them. However, the similarity of some morphological characters of C. davazamcii to those of C. korshinskii might result from the convergent adaptation to their common ecological environment.     

中国红豆杉和短叶红豆极的胚胎培养

红豆杉属 (ＴａｘｕｓＬ .)植物的种子休眠期较长 ,在自然条件下要 1～ 2年才能萌发。本实验对中国红豆杉〔Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ)Ｒｅｈｄ .〕和短叶红豆杉 (Ｔ .ｂｒｅｖｉｆｏｌｉａＮｕｔｔ.)的离体胚培养特性进行了研究 ,发现适宜的条件下两种胚的萌发与成苗情况没有明显差异 ,利用胚的体外培养技术可以使其在几个月内发芽、成苗 ,为大规模种植提供一条快捷途径。1　材料与方法1 1　试验材料中国红豆杉和短叶红豆杉种子分别采自中国湖北利川和加拿大。所用培养基为ＭｃＣｏｗｎ ,每升添加 1ｇ水解酪蛋白、1ｇ酵…     

罗布红麻和罗布白麻生态地理特性探讨

根据文献资料和我们多年的研究,发现罗布红麻和罗布白麻的各地居群具有多样的生态地理特性。通过在陕西关中地区的引种栽培试验,证实了各地罗布红麻和罗布白麻居群生态地理特性的多样性。这对于其引种栽培和开发利用都有极为重要指导意义。     

高毒力昆虫病原线虫共生细菌菌株的筛选及其杀虫活性的检测

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌是寄生在昆虫病原线虫肠道的一种细菌,二者互惠共生。实验采用6个不同种的菌株为筛选材料。共生细菌菌株的培养液经85%饱和度的(NH₄)_2SO4盐析,浓缩冻干得到杀虫粗提物。以粗提物注射大蜡螟Galleria mellonella、饲喂玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera,发现Xenorhabdus nematophilus D43、X.bovienii A54、Photorhabdus luminescens HZL和CB-8等4个菌株发酵液的粗提物对昆虫有高的血腔毒性,菌株A54对昆虫又有高的胃毒效果。由此确立A54为高毒力的菌株,其杀虫活性表现为：注射大蜡螟48 h的死亡率为80%,96 h为93.3%;粗提物饲喂玉米螟,72 h死亡率为53.3%,120 h死亡率为100%;饲喂棉铃虫,72 h死亡率为80.1%,120 h死亡率为90%。杀虫粗提物经DEAE-52柱层析分离,得到一个穿透峰和三个盐的梯度洗脱峰,其中穿透峰对昆虫有很好的胃毒效果,但没有血腔毒性;三个盐峰均有很高的血腔毒性,但没有胃毒作用。穿透峰样品饲喂2龄、3龄棉铃虫也有很好的杀虫活性,96 h 2龄棉铃虫的死亡率为65%,3龄棉铃虫的死亡率为30%;处理96 h的棉铃虫同处理前相比体重下降,未死棉铃虫体重明显低于对照。     

大蒜种质资源对蒜蛆的抗性评价

就大蒜种质资源对蒜蛆的抗性进行了虫圃田间鉴定,并对抗性与大蒜主要植物学性状和大蒜辣素含量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:52份材料的感虫指数分布在7.14~90.38之间,种质资源间抗虫性差异达到了显著水平;聚类分析并结合感虫指数将52份种质资源分为高抗、抗、中抗、中感、感、高感6个类别,其中高抗和抗性材料分别为4份和8份。相关分析表明:感虫指数与植株的7个形态数量性状的相关性均未达到显著水平,而与鳞茎的鳞芽背宽、鳞茎的大蒜辣素含量均呈极显著的负相关,即抗性与二者显著正相关。表明大蒜辣素含量越高,大蒜对蒜蛆的抗性越强;从鳞芽背宽较宽和高大蒜辣素含量的大蒜资源中筛选抗蒜蛆的种质可能性更大。     

Eimeria clethrionomyis sp. n., Eimeria gallatii sp. n., Eimeria pileata sp. n. and Eimeria marconii sp. n. from the Red-Backed Vole Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors,from Pennsylvania§

SYNOPSIS Four new eimerian species are described from red-backed voles. Clethrionomys gapperi in Pennsylvania. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria clethrionomyis sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 18.8 (16.5–21.5) × 14.9 (14.0–16.5) with elongate, ovoid sporocysts, 10.6 (9.5–12.0) × 6.1 (5.5–7.0). The oocyst wall is smooth, with 2 layers, and thins, with terminal cap at one or both ends. Polar granules, dark Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. The occyst residuum is absent. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria gallatii sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 27.7 (21–32) × 19.3 (17–24) with ovoid sporocysts, 13.5 (12–15) × 8.8 (8–10). The oocyst wall is smooth, 2-layered, with a micropyle and thin wall at the end opposite the micropyle. Polar granules. Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. The oocyst residuum is atypical, of cobwebby material. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria pileata sp. n. are subspherical to spherical, 25.2 (20.5–29.5) × 22.5(19.5–25.5) with ellipsoidal sporocysts, 13.4(10.5–15.0) × 8.4 (7.5–9.5). The oocyst wall is rough, pitted, striated, 2-layered, with no micropyle. Polar granules, oocyst and sporocyst residuum. Stieda body and stiedal cap are present. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria marconii sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 13.0 (10.5–15.0) × 10.6 (9.5–12.0) with elongate, ovoid sporocysts, 7.7 (7.0–8.5) × 4.2 (3.0–4.5). The oocyst wall is smooth, single-layered, with no micropyle. Polar granules, dark Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. There is no oocyst residuum.     

榆跳象生物学特性及防治

榆跳象是榆树重要食叶害虫之一,在甘肃省张掖地区１年发生１代,以成虫越冬。成虫取食叶肉,幼虫潜叶危害。成虫期根施３％呋喃丹颗粒剂或２５％溴氰菊酯乳油２０００倍稀释液树冠喷雾,防治效果可达９０％。