甘蓝型油菜(Eru CMS)与甘蓝种间杂种的同工酶和蛋白质分析

经胚抢救获得甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)(Eru CMS)与甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.)种间杂种,前期经过流式细胞仪、柱头染色体数目、花粉活力等分析获得一些真杂种。利用电泳法,对真杂种植株的3种同工酶(SOD、EST、COD)和蛋白质进行详细分析,了解了杂种与亲本的同工酶和蛋白质的特性差异。结果表明,杂种与亲本之间的同工酶和蛋白质存在较明显的差异:杂种的SOD、COD的酶带表现为偏父本甘蓝型;杂种的EST的酶带表现为偏母本油菜型;杂种的蛋白质电泳表现为不仅具有双亲的特征蛋白带,也有其自身特征蛋白带。     

APAGE技术在小麦细胞质雄性不育系选育中的应用研究

利用大量小麦亲本材料和优良品种(系)与具有粘果、易变、偏凸和二角山羊草细胞质的小麦雄性不育系杂交,筛选出一系列保持系。利用APAGE(酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳)技术对其进行了醇溶蛋白电泳图谱分析,发现大部分保持系表现出1BL/lRS易位系的1RS醇溶蛋白标记位点GldlB3。利用细胞学镜鉴,发现含有GldlB3标记位点的保持系均只含有两个随体,而不含有GldlB3标记位点的保持系均含有4个随体,证明了GldlB3标记位点与两个随体数的一致性。粘、易、偏型不育系育性基本表现一致,而二角型不育系除了与前3种不育系具有相同的保持系以外,对某些小麦品种(系)还表现出育性特异性。同时还讨论了ANGE技术在快速筛选小麦细胞质雄性不育保持系中的作用,为非1BL/1RS不育系的选育提供了必要的手段。     

甘蓝型油菜(Eru CMS)与甘蓝种间杂种的同工酶和蛋白质分析

经胚抢救获得甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）（EruCMS）与甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.）种间杂种,前期经过流式细胞仪、柱头染色体数目、花粉活力等分析获得一些真杂种。利用电泳法,对真杂种植株的3种同工酶（SOD、EST、COD）和蛋白质进行详细分析,了解了杂种与亲本的同工酶和蛋白质的特性差异。结果表明,杂种与亲本之间的同工酶和蛋白质存在较明显的差异：杂种的SOD、COD的酶带表现为偏父本甘蓝型;杂种的EST的酶带表现为偏母本油菜型;杂种的蛋白质电泳表现为不仅具有双亲的特征蛋白带,也有其自身特征蛋白带。     

水稻三系及其杂种F_1的酯酶同工酶比较及杂种优势预测

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了114套杂交稻 F_1及其相应的不育系,保持系和恢复系干种子胚的酯酶同工酶,6条主要酶带分别命名为1 A、3A、4A、5A、6A 和7A。三系亲本的酯酶同工酶酶谱各有其特点。杂种 F_1的酶谱出现7种类型。当不育系具有6A 时,常与恢复系的3A 或5A 形成酶带互补的杂种,3A和6A 互补只有营养优势。5A 和6A 互补才有经济优势。本实验证明杂种 F_1酶谱的形成受亲本核质双方的影响。酯酶同工酶酶谱类型可作为预测杂种优势的生化指标之一。     

籼稻三系及其杂种F_1苗期负极向过氧化物酶同工酶电泳比较

Alam等(1969)以苏丹草花药为材料,进行正极向过氧化物酶同工酶电泳分析,结果表明;雄性不育系的酶带数少于保持系。而代尧仁等(1978)在水稻,及傅鸿仪等(1980)在高梁花药中分别得出与Alam等相反的结果。我们以籼稻野败型雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系以及F_1幼苗进行了负极向和正极向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,发现当进行正极向电泳时,其酶带数不育系少于保持系,恰与Alam的结果相似(待发表);而当进行负极向电泳时,则情况相反,不育系酶带数明显地多于保持系。这种雄性不育系与保持系之间存在的过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异,可能是由于细胞质雄性不育基因表达的调控所造成的。     

小麦粘类雄性不育系生化标记及小孢子细胞色素氧化酶同工酶研究

对4种同核异质小麦粘类非1BL/1RS雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系的幼苗叶片、乳熟期籽粒以及不育系、恢复系和F1小孢子发育四分体至三核期花药进行了细胞色素氧化酶（COD）同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝腔电泳（PAGE）分析。结果表明：（1）幼苗叶片COD同工酶谱带可以标记4种不育系和保持系;乳熟期籽粒COD同工酶谱带可以将4种不育系、保持系及恢复系区别开。（2）COD在不育系小孢子败育时或败育之前（单核到二核期）酶量降低,面在三核期酶量升高。（3）相同胞质背景下引入不同核恢复基因或不同胞质背景下引入桢核恢复基因,F1小孢子COD同工酶谱带之间有差异。可以将不同发育时期COD同工酶谱带作为鉴别1种不育系以及不育系、保持系、恢复系（“三系”的可靠生化标记）。     

2个油菜CMS系统的酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析

以甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系(CMS)Polima A及其保持系Polima B、陕2A及其保持系陕2B 4个材料初花期的叶片、叶柄以及花蕾组织为材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳比较它们在酯酶(EST)和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱的差异.结果表明,甘蓝型油菜不育系与其对应保持系的叶片、叶柄的EST同工酶谱均无明显差异,但两系花蕾的EST同工酶谱有一定的差异;Polima A与陕2A对应器官的EST同工酶谱均表现出明显差异.不育系与其对应保持系的叶片、叶柄的POD同工酶谱差异不明显,而两系花蕾的POD同工酶谱有明显的差异;两个不育系之间的POD同工酶谱明显不同.花蕾的EST和POD同工酶的条带数目明显多于相应材料的叶片和叶柄,且EST同工酶的条带数目明显多于相应的POD同工酶.因此,甘蓝型油菜CMS系统Polima A和陕2A有着不同的遗传背景.     

辣椒雄性不育系与保持系花药POD、SOD和EST同工酶表达差异研究

利用辣椒质核互作雄性不育材料,采用聚丙酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,研究了在花药发育不同时期,甜椒和辣椒核质互作雄性不育系及其保持系POD、SOD和EST同工酶的差异.结果表明:不育系与保持系,在花药发育的不同时期POD同工酶表达种类及表达活性之间存在差异,其中甜椒不育系在减数分裂期POD同工酶的活性非常低,辣椒雄性不育系在减数分裂期及花粉成熟期分别多一条POD特征带.不育系与保持系之间SOD同工酶的表达活性及其表达种类无明显差异.在减数分裂期和花粉成熟期,甜椒和辣椒不育系与保持系花药EST同工酶酶带均存在明显的差异.     

红莲型杂交稻(红莲2号)及其骨干亲本的RAPD分析与鉴定

利用RAPD技术,从248个随机寡核苷酸引物（10－mer）中筛出18个引物对红莲型杂交稻组合红莲2号及其亲本（T－07A、T－07B、YD6－05）,另6个红莲型胞质不育系的骨干恢复和汕优63及其亲本共14份水稻材料进行分析。共检测到173个多态性标记。聚类分析结果表明：不育系与保持系间因核背景相似,遗传差异很小;杂种（F1）的基因型更倾向于恢复系;恢复系与保持系间遗传距离的相对较大,但各恢复系之间的遗传距离较小。利用这些标记能有效地地区交组合中不育系,保持系、恢复系和杂种（F1）。     

K、V、T型小麦细胞质雄性不育系籽粒的醇溶蛋白分析

目的:通过对K、V、T型细胞质雄性不育系,保持系及其杂交种籽粒的醇溶蛋白进行A-PAGE分析,以寻找与细胞质雄性不育基因表达有关的特异蛋白。方法:A-PAGE电泳分析,凝胶浓度6.72%。结论:太911289不育系的电泳图谱与保持系相比在β区缺失一条谱带,但是在冀5418不育系的图谱中并未发现与保持系区别的谱带,这与小麦醇溶蛋白基因表达的品种特异性有关;通过对杂交种图谱的分析发现,杂交种图谱与其父本差异很大,具有很强的偏母性,同时各不育类型的杂交种间也存在一定差异。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Hip Circumference and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Men and Women

Objective: It has recently been demonstrated that, in middle‐aged women, a wide hip circumference is a protective factor for a number of health endpoints in later years. The effect seems to be independent of both overweight and waist circumference. This paper aims to replicate this finding in another population‐based sample consisting of women and men. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective observational study consisting of a random subset of adult Danes. A total of 2987 subjects born in 1922, 1932, 1942, or 1952 and 35, 45, 55, or 65 years of age (at examination in 1987 to 1988) participated in the Danish MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) project, with measurements of height, weight, and hip and waist circumference taken. Through personal identification numbers, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) until the end of 1998 and all causes of death until 2001 were retrieved from the National Registers of Hospital Discharge. There was an average of 10 years of follow‐up for incidence of CVD and CHD and 13 years of follow‐up for total mortality. Results: Large hip circumference, relative to body size and waist circumference, predicted less incidence of CVD, CHD, and total death in women. This was not the case in men; BMI and waist circumference were the strongest independent predictors. Discussion: A large hip circumference seems to have independent and positive effects on CVD and CHD morbidity and mortality in women, but no protective effect on cardiovascular health in men. However, a borderline significant protective effect on total mortality was observed.