人可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ与IgG Fc融合蛋白在乳酸克鲁维酵母菌中的表达及产物分析

目的:在乳酸克鲁维酵母中表达人可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ(sTNFRⅡ)与IgG Fc的融合蛋白。方法:首先获得sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc融合基因片段,然后构建至乳酸克鲁维酵母表达载体pKLAC1中,获得sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc的表达载体,并将其电转化乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3),通过ELISA方法筛选高表达sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc融合蛋白的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母菌株,采用还原和非还原SDS-PAGE分析融合蛋白是否形成二聚体结构,Western印迹验证sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc融合蛋白在乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3)中的表达。结果:构建了sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc表达载体pKLAC1-sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc,获得了表达sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc的乳酸克鲁维酵母菌株,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹表明该融合蛋白能自发形成类似于抗体的二聚体结构。结论:实现了sTNFRⅡ-IgGFc融合蛋白在乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3)中的表达。     

乳酸克鲁维酵母表达型T载体的研发及应用

[目的]构建以乳酸克鲁维酵母表达载体p KLAC2为基础的表达型T载体。[方法]利用定点突变技术突变载体p KLAC2上的XcmⅠ位点,获得表达载体p KL-MUT;PCR扩增含黄色荧光蛋白基因的XcmⅠ酶切盒,通过EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ位点连接至表达载体p KL-MUT,构建成重组载体p KL-YFP,限制性内切酶XcmⅠ酶切后即产生T载体p KL-T。连接融合基因14-3-3-Zs G转化至乳酸克鲁维酵母GG799。[结果]利用该T载体可成功克隆外源基因14-3-3-Zs G并在乳酸克鲁维酵母中表达14-3-3-Zs G蛋白,荧光和Western blotting验证正确。[结论]乳酸克鲁维酵母表达型T载体已成功构建,具有快速克隆高效分泌表达外源基因的特点,对于促进乳酸克鲁维酵母表达系统表达相关蛋白的产业化具有实际意义。     

基因工程菌表达D-氨基酸氧化酶研究进展

用分子克隆手段获得D-氨基酸氧化酶基因后,对其在不同表达系统如大肠杆菌系统、酿酒酵母和克鲁维乳酸酵母、博伊丁假丝酵母、巴斯德毕赤氏酵母系统及动物细胞内的表达作了介绍。     

植物乳杆菌ZS2058的亚油酸异构酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的克隆表达

目的：将植物乳杆菌ZS2058（Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058）的亚油酸异构酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces lactis）中进行克隆表达。方法：根据NCBI中已报道亚油酸异构酶（linoleate isomerase,LAI）基因的序列特征,设计引物对筛得的植物乳杆菌ZS2058进行PCR扩增,得到亚油酸异构酶全基因序列,克隆至乳酸克鲁维酵母表达载体pKLAC1,电转化得重组菌pKLAC1-LAI /Kluyveromyces lactis GG799。结果：SDS-PAGE检测,重组菌进行分泌表达获得目的蛋白,大小约为67 kDa;气相色谱（Gas Chromatogram,GC）检测到共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids,CLA）典型峰。结论：植物乳杆菌ZS2058中的亚油酸异构酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母中得到分泌表达,重组酶转化效率约为26%。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌磷脂酶C在乳酸克鲁维酵母中重组表达、纯化及酶学性质分析

【目的】构建蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)磷脂酶C(Phospholipase C,PLC)的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)菌株、纯化重组蛋白并对其进行酶学性质分析。【方法】以B.cereus基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到磷脂酶C基因(bcplc),构建重组乳酸克鲁维酵母表达质粒并转化到乳酸克鲁维酵母中,实现bcplc基因的表达。利用镍柱亲和层析纯化和脱盐柱得到电泳纯的重组磷脂酶C(rbcPLC)。【结果】成功构建产磷脂酶C的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母并纯化了重组磷脂酶C,纯化后rbcPLC经SDS-PAGE分析在40 kDa附近出现显性条带。NPPC法测得rbcPLC酶活为19251 U/mg,最适反应温度为80°C,最适pH为9.0。在低于40°C时,pH 7.0-8.0时,rbcPLC重组酶较稳定。Cu~(2+)和Co~(2+)对其有明显的抑制作用;Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对其有明显的促进作用。【结论】首次实现了对蜡样芽胞杆菌来源的磷脂酶C在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的重组表达、纯化及其酶学性质分析,为其它食品安全性微生物来源的磷脂酶C的研究提供了借鉴意义。     

低温几丁质酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的重组表达及酶学性质表征

【目的】通过构建假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonassp.DL-6)低温几丁质酶(chitinaseA,chi A;chitinase C,chi C)的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母菌株、纯化重组蛋白并对其进行酶学性质表征,为低温几丁质酶潜在工业化生产几丁寡糖奠定理论基础。【方法】人工合成密码子优化的几丁质酶基因,构建重组乳酸克鲁维酵母表达质粒(p KLAC1-chi A、p KLAC1-chi C)并用电脉冲法转化到乳酸克鲁维酵母中,实现低温几丁质酶的可溶表达。利用镍柱亲和层析纯化得到高纯度的重组几丁质酶。【结果】成功构建产低温几丁质酶的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母并纯化获得高纯度的重组几丁质酶。经SDS-PAGE分析在110 k Da与90 k Da附近出现符合预期大小的蛋白条带。铁氰化钾法测得Chi A和Chi C的酶活分别为51.45 U/mg与108.56 U/mg。最适反应温度分别为20°C和30°C,最适p H分别为8.0和9.0。在低于40°C,p H 8.0–12.0时,Chi A和Chi C重组酶较稳定。Chi A和Chi C对胶体几丁质以及粉状底物α-几丁质与β-几丁质具有明显的降解活性,且具有一定协同降解能力。【结论】首次实现假交替单胞菌来源的低温几丁质酶在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的重组表达、纯化、酶学性质及其降解产物分析,为其他低温几丁质酶的研究提供借鉴意义。     

抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的高效表达及其产物分析

目的：在乳酸克鲁维酵母中实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的表达。方法：应用PCR扩增抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的轻、重链基因,将扩增产物分别克隆入酵母表达载体pYES 2/ochI和pPICZαA/ura3,经限制性内切酶以及DNA序列测定分析插入片段正确后,将重组质粒转化乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3)。转化子用半乳糖诱导,经间接ELISA和Western blot鉴定所表达产物的产量以及和抗原结合的活性。结果：构建了抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体轻、重链表达载体pYES 2/ochI+αL和pPICZαA/ura3+αH,摇瓶培养表达产量可达(120±20)mg/L;经还原和非还原SDS-PAGE分析,抗体的轻、重链能够通过分子间二硫键正确装配;所表达抗体可与HER2胞外域特异性结合。结论：实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达,具有与其抗原特异性结合的能力。     

马克斯克鲁维酵母GX-UN120糖转运蛋白基因的克隆及表征

【背景】马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)具有完整的木糖代谢途径,可以高效利用木质纤维素中的木糖,因此对其糖转运蛋白基因的研究或可有效解决酵母木糖转运的相关问题。【目的】根据马克斯克鲁维酵母DMKU3-1042中KLMA＿70145和KLMA＿80101基因位点的功能预测,获得马克斯克鲁维酵母GX-UN120相应的糖转运蛋白基因序列并探究其功能。【方法】将转运蛋白基因分别克隆表达至酿酒酵母EBY.VW4000中考察重组菌株生长特性,以此间接评价对应转运蛋白的转运能力。【结果】Km＿SUT2基因编码的糖转运蛋白可有效提高宿主细胞转运木糖、阿拉伯糖、山梨糖、核糖、乳糖和葡萄糖的能力,但却不能转运甘露糖、果糖、蔗糖和半乳糖。类似地,Km＿SUT3基因编码的糖转运蛋白可提高细胞转运木糖、阿拉伯糖、山梨糖、半乳糖、核糖、乳糖和葡萄糖的能力,但却不能转运甘露糖和果糖。然而在葡萄糖存在的条件下,重组菌株对各种碳源的利用均受抑制,但Km＿SUT3转运木糖和核糖过程中受葡萄糖的抑制作用较小。【结论】马克斯克鲁维酵母GX-UN120中转运蛋白Km＿SUT2和Km＿SUT3可...     

疫苗

923619乙型肝炎表面抗原在乳酸克会维醉母中的克隆和表达〔英〕/Martinez,E.…2 Bioteehnol.Lett一1092,14(2)。一53~56〔译自DBA,1992,11 (7),92一03754〕 为了用乳酸克鲁维酵母生产乙肝病毒表面抗原,构建了含lac4基因启动子(来自质粒BSLAC4)、表面抗原基因(来自质粒pHBI)、LAC4终止区及其后的URA3基因(来自酿酒酵母)和LAC4基因的3‘非编码区(来自质粒pJAAS12)的质粒pDLHZ。用含表达盒区的pDLHZ转化乳酸克鲁维酵母VDI,转化子于1%酵母粉、2%蛋白膝和2%葡萄糖的培界基中进行摇瓶培养(21摇瓶装40001培养基,于50℃、25orPm培养…     

马克斯克鲁维酵母在工业生物技术中的应用

马克斯克鲁维酵母Kluyveromyces marxianus是目前研究较为广泛的一种非传统酵母,因其耐高温、生长速率快、底物谱广等诸多优势而越来越多地应用于工业生物技术领域。马克斯克鲁维酵母可以分泌菊粉酶、β-半乳糖苷酶等多种应用广泛的水解酶类;还可以利用菊粉类原料、乳清、糖蜜以及木糖等多种非粮底物生产乙醇;其在外源蛋白的分泌以及基因工程操作等工业分子生物学领域也取得了突破。现主要对近年来马克斯克鲁维酵母在产酶、乙醇发酵、分泌外源蛋白等诸多工业生物技术领域的研究进展及存在的挑战进行综述,为进一步推动马克斯克鲁维酵母在工业生物技术中的应用奠定基础。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

实物模型在新课程生物中的应用

在实施素质教育的今天,实物模型是新课程生物学教学中极重要的教学工具。因为它能调动学生学习积极性,引导学生主动参与教学活动,对培养学生的学习兴趣和实践能力提高有重要的意义。     

On the role of the pineal in thermoregulation in the pigeon

Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

Circadian rhythm in olfactory response in the antennae controlled by the optic lobe in the cockroach

The olfactory response in antennae of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, was investigated by measuring electroantennograms (EAGs) in restrained animals. The amplitude of the EAG response to pulses of ethyl acetate, octanol, or fenchone, exhibited a robust, light entrained, circadian rhythm that persisted at least 14 days in constant darkness. Dilution-response curves measured at the peak and trough of the rhythm indicated there was a 10-fold change in sensitivity. The EAG rhythm was abolished by severing the optic tracts, while entrainment was abolished by ablation of the compound eyes. The results indicate that the circadian system modulates olfactory sensitivity in the antennae and that the rhythm is driven by a circadian pacemaker in the optic lobes that is entrained by photoreceptors in the compound eyes.