昆虫抗菌肽研究现状与展望

昆虫抗菌肽具有分子量小、热稳定性强、无免疫原性、生物活性广泛等特点,在医药、农业、食品工业等领域逐渐显示出广阔的应用前景,特别是在当前大量耐药性菌株的出现,而新抗生素发现又极其困难的情况下．昆虫抗菌肽的潜在药用价值倍受人们关注。本文将对昆虫抗菌肽的结构特征,抗菌机理．基因工程及其应用前景等知识作一简要介绍。     

昆虫抗菌肽的研究进展

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫先天免疫中起重要的作用的一类免疫效应因子,具有广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性和很好应用前景.本文主要介绍昆虫抗菌肽的类型、抗菌机理和分子设计的研究进展.     

昆虫抗菌肽基因工程及其分子设计研究进展(英文)

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽,具有广谱抗菌的生物活性,因而昆虫抗菌肽基因工程迅速成为生命科学领域的研究热点之一.介绍了昆虫抗菌肽的基因结构和表达,综述了昆虫抗菌肽的人工合成与改造以及转基因工程的研究成果,概述了昆虫抗菌肽的分子设计方法和现状,并展望了昆虫抗菌肽的应用前景.     

昆虫抗菌肽的生理活性及其转基因应用前景

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽。根据分子的结构可分为 5类 :天蚕素类、昆虫防御素、富含脯氨酸或精氨酸的抗菌肽、富含甘氨酸的抗菌肽、抗真菌肽。且具有广谱的抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性。概述了昆虫抗菌肽的基因的克隆与表达及转基因研究方面的进展 ,并展望了抗菌肽在基因工程中的应用前景     

昆虫抗茵肽的生理活性及其转基因应用前景

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽.根据分子的结构可分为5类天蚕素类、昆虫防御素、富含脯氨酸或精氨酸的抗菌肽、富含甘氨酸的抗菌肽、抗真菌肽.且具有广谱的抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性.概述了昆虫抗菌肽的基因的克隆与表达及转基因研究方面的进展,并展望了抗菌肽在基因工程中的应用前景.     

昆虫抗菌肽的研究进展

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类肽类活性物质.具有相对分子质量小、热稳定性强、无免疫原性、抗菌谱广等特点.结合昆虫抗菌肽的研究现状和发展前景,对昆虫抗菌肽的分类、作用机理、基因工程等方面进行了综述.     

昆虫抗菌肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用研究进展

昆虫抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptide,AMPs)是一类昆虫先天免疫系统中十分重要的效应因子,它分子量小、热稳定,并且具有广谱抗菌性,能够抑制、杀死多种细菌、真菌.近几年来,由于昆虫抗菌肽具有抗肿瘤的活性且其不具有抗原性而受到研究者的广泛关注.昆虫种类多、分布广,因此昆虫抗菌肽具有很高的开发潜力和实际应用价值.但是,目前对于昆虫抗菌肽抗肿瘤能力的研究尚不够深入,对其作用机制还没有一套准确并且系统的理论.现在普遍认为昆虫抗菌肽的抗肿瘤机制与其抗菌机制类似,可以分为破坏细胞膜机制以及非破坏细胞膜机制,并且同一种昆虫抗菌肽可以通过多种方式来抑制甚至杀死肿瘤细胞,但是对正常真核细胞无明显的毒副作用.相较于传统化疗药物的无差别杀伤,昆虫抗菌肽在肿瘤治疗领域有着巨大潜力.本文简要综述了昆虫抗菌肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用及其作用机制,并对其开发潜力和实际应用价值进行了展望,以期为今后的研究提供理论支持.     

昆虫抗菌肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用研究进展

昆虫抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptide,AMPs)是一类昆虫先天免疫系统中十分重要的效应因子,它分子量小、热稳定,并且具有广谱抗菌性,能够抑制、杀死多种细菌、真菌.近几年来,由于昆虫抗菌肽具有抗肿瘤的活性且其不具有抗原性而受到研究者的广泛关注.昆虫种类多、分布广,因此昆虫抗菌肽具有很高的开发潜力和实际应用价值.但是,目前对于昆虫抗菌肽抗肿瘤能力的研究尚不够深入,对其作用机制还没有一套准确并且系统的理论.现在普遍认为昆虫抗菌肽的抗肿瘤机制与其抗菌机制类似,可以分为破坏细胞膜机制以及非破坏细胞膜机制,并且同一种昆虫抗菌肽可以通过多种方式来抑制甚至杀死肿瘤细胞,但是对正常真核细胞无明显的毒副作用.相较于传统化疗药物的无差别杀伤,昆虫抗菌肽在肿瘤治疗领域有着巨大潜力.本文简要综述了昆虫抗菌肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用及其作用机制,并对其开发潜力和实际应用价值进行了展望,以期为今后的研究提供理论支持.     

昆虫抗菌肽的功能、作用机理与分子生物学研究最新进展

昆虫虽然没有完善的免疫防御体系,但却具有高效的无细胞免疫系统。抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后血淋巴中的一类抗菌多肽,它具有分子量小,热稳定,水溶性好,无免疫原性,抗菌谱广等特点。现在,它被认为是从细菌到高等哺乳动物普遍存在的一类防御性多肽,称之为“第二防御体系”。抗菌肽不仅抗菌谱广,而且可以抑杀某些真菌、病毒及原虫,并对多种癌细胞及动物实体瘤有明显的杀伤作用,而不破坏正常细胞。近年来,对昆虫抗菌物质的研究,特别是对昆虫抗菌肽的研究已成为一个迅速发展的新领域,越来越引起人们的关注和重视。抗菌肽可望成为新一代的抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌药物。但天然抗菌肽的来源少,成本高,无法满足临床试用和基础研究的需要。因此通过 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 重组技术来获得大量抗菌肽,成为人们普遍关注的焦点。同时,对抗菌肽抗菌、抗肿瘤机理的深入研究也越来越具有重大的理论意义和实际应用价值,前景十分广阔     

昆虫抗菌肽研究现状

近年来鉴定了的化学结构的昆虫抗菌肽的数目有迅速上升的趋势,一些新型昆虫抗菌肽相继被分离纯化。不同结构的抗菌肽其抗菌特性及其抗菌谱存在着巨大差异,抗菌机制也不同。昆虫免疫与动物免疫机制既存在着区别也存在着某些相似性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.