乙型肝炎病毒复制水平对原发性肝癌发病的影响

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制水平对原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)发病的影响.方法:调查226例HCC患者和51例乙型肝炎后肝硬化(LC)患者,分别应用ELISA法和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物(HBV-M)和DNA含量.结果:HCC患者中HBsAg阳性率为96.9%;168例HCC患者和51乙型肝炎后LC患者接受HBV DNA定量检测.阳性率分别为85.1%、88.2%,两组患者lg HBV DNA均服从正态分布,HBV DNA的均数为105.49±1.49拷贝/ml、106.15±1.38拷贝/ml,乙型肝炎后LC组患者血清HBV DNA含量较高(P＜0.05);乙型肝炎后LC患者中HBeAg阳性率较HCC组高(P＜0.05);HCC患者血清HBVDNA含量与HBeAg阳性没有明显的相关性(P＞0.05),乙型肝炎后LC患者血清HBV DNA含量与HBeAg阳性密切相关(P＜0.05);两组患者血清HBV DNA含量与性别、年龄、感染HBV的时间等因素均无明显的相关性(均为P＞0.05).结论:我国HCC的发病与HBV感染密切相关,但可能与患者是否存在HBV高水平复制无关.     

肝病患者肝细胞内HBV DNA原位杂交研究——形态、分布及意义

应用生物素标记HBV DNA(乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸)作探针,对129例肝病患者肝组织作原位杂交研究。发现HBV DNA主要存在肝细胞浆内,可分为胞浆致密型、疏松型和包涵体型。HBV DNA阳性肝细胞在肝实质中分为三种型:小叶型、局灶型与散在点状分布。HBV DNA在慢性活动型肝炎中检出率最高(81％),显著高于肝硬化,慢性小叶型肝炎、急性肝炎及原发性肝癌组。乙肝复制指标阳性患者肝细胞内HBV DNA检出率明显高于非复制组;并观察到HBV DNA阳性肝细胞与肝细胞坏死灶关系密切,多数紧紧毗邻肝细胞坏死灶/或和位于坏死灶中间,尤以局灶型分布的HBV DNA阳性肝细胞为显著。     

抗—HBe阳性慢性乙肝临床研究

报告34例抗-HRe阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB),占同期住院抗-HBe阳性者的38％。这些患者于3—9年内肝炎再活动2—4次,累计80次。肝炎再活动时的临床表现及肝功损害与同期住院的HBeAg阳性CHB相似,但抗-HBe阳性CHB者肝硬化及肝癌发生比例显著高于HBeAg阳性者(P<0.05)。血清乙肝病毒标志(HBVM)检测发现,80次肝炎再活动中,38次(47.5％)有HBV活跃复制,提示HBV活跃复制是部分抗-HBe阳性CHB肝炎再活动的根本原因,另一部要考虑是其它肝炎病毒重叠感染的结果。     

ANCA与SLE临床表现的相关性及其意义

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,SLE)患者抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies,ANCA)与肾炎及其他临床表现和实验室检查的相关性及其意义.方法:采用前瞻性研究收集77例系统性红斑狼疮患者,用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测患者血清ANCA、ELISA法检测ANCA抗原,检测其他免疫学指标如抗核抗体、抗dsDNA抗体等.结果:77例SLE患者中ANCA阳性28(36.4%)例,ANCA阳性组浆膜炎、肾损害、神经精神症状、皮肤血管炎、抗dsDNA抗体阳性、抗Sm抗体阳性、补体下降以及血清IgG升高的发生率明显高于阴性组(P＜0.05).52例LN患者中,25例(48.1%)ANCA阳性,其中P-ANCA阳性者22例(88%).3例(12%)为a-ANCA均出现在RPGN,无一例出现c-ANCA.非LN组25例患者中,仅3例(12%)p-ANCA阳性,且均为抗-MPO.正常对照组无一例ANCA阳性.77例SLE患者中,14例(18.2%)为抗-MPO;13例(16.9%)为抗LF,且只见于DPGN、FPGN和RPGN伴有新月体形成者;10例(13%)为抗-CG,但在非狼疮肾炎患者未检测到抗-LF及抗-CG.在各种临床表现中,抗-MPO与肾脏和皮肤表现有关;而抗-LF与肾脏、关节炎及浆膜炎有关;抗-CG可见于各种临床表现.结论:ANCA可作为评价SLE疾病及鉴别血管炎和狼疮肾炎的一个重要指标.     

前S1蛋白作为慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒复制标志物的价值

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者病毒血清前S1蛋白(PreS1)作为慢性乙型肝炎病毒复制标志物的价值.方法 对210例慢性乙型肝炎患者和67例健康体检者进行HBV-DNA、PreS1、HBeAg测定;采用荧光定量-多聚酶链反应技术(FQ-PCR)对HBV-DNA进行定量检测,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对PreS1和HBeAg进行检测.结果 210例慢性乙型肝炎患者中,以HBV-DNA＞1×103拷贝/ml作为HBV复制的金标准,PreS1和HBeAg与HBV-DNA的总符合率为74.8%和57.6%.177例HBV-DNA阳性患者中,PreS1阳性135例,HBeAg阳性88例,2种检验标志物间差异存在显著性(x2=26.8,P＜0.01).PreS1、HBeAg和PreS1/HBeAg联合检测作为病毒复制标志的敏感性分别为76.3%、49.7%和87.6%,特异性分别为66.7%、100%和66.7%,准确性分别为74.8%、57.6%和84.3%,阳性预测值分别为92.5%、100%和93.4%,阴性预测值分别为33.3%、100%和50%.结论 PreS1与乙型肝炎病毒的复制密切相关,PreS1作为乙型肝炎病毒复制的标志物优于HBeAg.PreS1和HBeAg联合检测更能较好反映HBV病毒感染和复制状态,有利于乙肝病情监测和疗效评估.     

恩替卡韦治疗对HBeAg阳性乙肝患者血清和肝组织中HBV cccDNA的影响

目的探讨口服恩替卡韦治疗HBe Ag阳性乙肝患者1年对血清和肝组织中HBV cccDNA含量的影响。方法选取90例HBe Ag阳性乙肝患者,所有患者连续48周口服恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d,治疗前后分别静脉取血分离血清。采用化学发光法检测HBV血清标志物、采用荧光实时定量PCR法检测HBV-DNA及HBV cccDNA含量,并对各指标进行统计学分析。选取治疗48周后血清HBV cccDNA阴性且符合肝穿的患者进行肝穿检查,检测肝组织中HBV cccDNA含量。结果 (1)治疗后,血清HBV-DNA、HBV cccDNA及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平均显著下降(P0.01)。(2)发生e抗原转换组的HBV DNA和HBV cccDNA水平下降均比未发生转换组更显著(P0.01)。(3)90例患者在治疗1年后有68例患者血清中HBV cccDNA转阴,而在这其中选取8例患者进行肝穿,只有1例患者的肝组织中HBV cccDNA转阴。结论尽管恩替卡韦可明显降低乙肝患者血清和肝组织的HBV cccDNA水平,然而恩替卡韦治疗1年尚不能彻底清除肝细胞中的HBV。     

TGF-β1表达与乙肝患者肝纤维化的关系及临床意义

目的:探讨转化生长因子β1(TGF-β 1)与慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关性肝病尤其是肝纤维化发生的关系及临床意义.方法:酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定45例慢性乙肝患者(乙肝组)、39例肝硬化患者(肝硬化组)及30例健康者(对照组)血清中的TGF-β1的含量,并检测肝纤维化指标.结果:乙肝组和肝硬化组的血清TGF-β1水平高于对照组,且乙肝组血清TGF-β水平明显低于肝硬化组(P<0.05).乙肝组和肝硬化组的肝纤维化指标Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),层黏连蛋白(LN),透明质酸(HA)的浓度均明显高于对照组,且肝硬化组肝纤维化指标均高于乙肝组(P<0.05).血清TGF-β1水平与肝纤维化指标均呈正相关(r=0.537、0.653、0.756,P<0.05).结论:TGF-β1水平与乙肝患者肝纤维密切相关,降低TGF-β1的水平,可能是防治乙肝患者后期肝纤维化的一种新方法.     

原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异的分析

目的:研究原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异情况及与基因型的关系.方法:收集乙型肝病毒感染者血清132份,HBV DNA均阳性,用半巢式聚合酶链反应扩增HBV前C及c基因部分片段,产物纯化后直接测序,检测前C A1896联合BCP T1762/A1764变异.用S基因PCR-RFLP方法确定HBV基因型.结果:乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异在原发性肝癌组的阳性率为41.18%(14/34),显著高于慢性肝病组的11.22%(11/98)(P<0.01).前CA1896联合BCP T1762/A1764变异在B基因型检出率与C基因型相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异与原发性肝癌关系密切,与基因型无相关性.     

乙肝病毒与原发性肝癌的相关风险研究

为了解慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染与原发性肝癌的关系,本文采用回顾性研究方法对328例原发性肝癌病人与同期收治的340例非肝癌的其他消化道肿瘤病人的乙型肝炎病毒感染血清标志物(HBV M)及肝功能检测结果进行对比分析.结果显示肝癌组乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率(63.11%)显著高于非肝癌组(消化道其他肿瘤对照组)(11.47%).肝癌组慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染"HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性者"(37.2%)显著高于"HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性者"(6.4%).肝功能检测结果,"HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性组"与"HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性组"比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而肝癌组与非肝癌组比较,肝癌组肝损害显著高于非肝癌组(P＜0.01).表明慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染在原发性肝癌病因学中起着十分重要的作用,"HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性者"是原发性肝癌的高危人群.     

肝癌患者血清乙肝病毒特异性miRNAs水平指标检测与术后肿瘤复发的相关性研究

目的:HBV感染患者血清中HBV相关miRNAS的表达水平会出现变化,分析乙肝病毒特异性miRNAs在乙肝肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者血清中的表达水平与术后肿瘤复发的关系.方法:采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR (Real-time RT-PCR)检测38例乙肝肝癌患者手术前后血清乙肝病毒特异性miRNAs(miR-122和miR-22)的表达.分析血清乙肝病毒特异性miRNAs的袁达水平与肝癌切除术后的预后与复发的关系.结果:乙肝肝癌患者血清miR-122和miR-22明显高于良性肝病和正常对照组(P＜0.01).手术前后血清miR-122和miR-22的表达差异显著(P＜0.01).乙肝肝癌患者血清miR-122和miR-22表达的高低与HBVDNA、肝硬化、AFP、肿瘤大小、病理分化、TNM分级有关(P＜0.05).血清miR-122和miR-22低表达组的复发转移率显著低于高表达组(P＜0.01).结论:miR-122和miR-22在乙肝肝癌患者血清中表达上调与肝癌复发转移率高和预后差密切相关,提示其可能是一个潜在的HCC预后分子标志物.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.