环状RNA与皮肤病的关系

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类新的内源性非编码RNA,与传统线性RNA不同,circRNA的特征在于它是由反向剪接形成的、没有5'端和3'端的环状闭合结构。目前研究发现circRNA在皮肤组织和血液的异常表达与许多皮肤疾病的发生和发展有关,并认为有可能成为皮肤疾病早期诊断、病情评估及治疗靶点的重要生物标志物。本文总结了关于circRNA的分类、功能以及其在皮肤疾病中的调控作用。     

植物环状RNA研究进展北大核心CSCD

随着高通量测序技术的发展,环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)逐渐成为非编码RNA研究领域的热点。CircRNA是由3′端下游供体和5′端上游受体经反向剪接形成的共价闭合环状分子,普遍存在于真核生物中。CircRNA过去被认为是错误剪接的副产物,近年来相关研究爆炸式增长,才将这种错误概念推翻。相较于动物中的大量研究,植物circRNA的研究还处于起步阶段。文中从植物circRNA的发现引入,总结了植物circRNA的环化特征、表达特异性、保守性和稳定性等特征;关注了circRNA的鉴定工具、主要类型和生成机制;归纳了植物circRNA作为microRNA(miRNA)海绵和翻译模板的潜在功能,以及在生物/非生物胁迫应答中的重要作用;简单概括了植物circRNA的降解与定位。最后讨论了植物circRNA研究存在的问题并对进一步开展植物circRNA研究进行了展望。     

环状RNA及其在肿瘤中的作用

环状RNA(circRNA)是一类新型的缺少3'端poly(A)和5'端帽子结构、以共价键首尾相连的单链内源闭合环状RNA,且主要由前体RNA(pre-mRNA)通过可变剪切加工产生.cir-cRNA在真核细胞的细胞质中含量很高,并显示出一定水平的组织和细胞特异性.近年来研究表明,circRNA在疾病尤其是肿瘤的发生和...     

环状RNA及其作为疾病标志物的潜能

环状RNA（circular RNA, circRNA）是一种共价闭合环状结构的内源性非编码RNA分子,不具有5′端帽子和3′端poly(A)尾巴结构,具有广泛性、保守性、组织特异性以及稳定性等特性;根据序列来源的不同可分为3种类型：外显子circRNA、内含子circRNA、外显子-内含子circRNA;随着生物信息学的快速发展和高通量测序技术的不断革新,目前已经在真核细胞中发现大量内源性circRNA,主要分布于细胞质中,其独特的序列结构,使它具有microRNA海绵、调节选择性剪接或转录、与RNA结合蛋白结合、滚动翻译和衍生假基因等功能;它参与癌症、糖尿病、神经系统疾病和动脉粥样硬化等疾病发生、发展过程。众多研究显示circRNA会成为新型的疾病临床诊断标志物或人类疾病治疗的潜在靶点,该评述较为详细地从circRNA的形成、特性、生物学功能、研究方法、研究数据库以及和疾病的关系等方面来阐述circRNA的最新研究进展,方便研究人员进行circRNA研究。     

环状RNA在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(circRNA)最早发现于20世纪70年,与传统的线性RNA不同,它的结构是一个闭合的共价环状分子,无5'的帽子结构和3'的poly A尾,不易被核酸外切酶降解,具有高度保守性、稳定性。circRNA的来源主要有三类:内含子序列形成的环状RNA(ciRNA),外显子序列形成的环状RNA(ecircRNA)以及内含子和外显子序列共同形成的环状RNA(EIciRNA)。目前cricRNA在核糖核酸的领域已经成为一个新的研究热点。大量研究发现,circRNA具有调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等作用,与肿瘤发生、发展密切相关。本文就circRNA的起源、功能及其与肿瘤关系的研究进展做一综述。     

环状RNA翻译蛋白在癌症中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种单链环状闭合RNA分子,由线性RNA通过反向剪接形成,具有稳定、高度保守、组织特异性等特点。circRNA能够通过形成竞争性内源性RNA、结合蛋白等多种方式参与机体的生理、病理过程。最近发现,circRNA分子可以通过翻译形成多肽或蛋白参与癌症的发生和发展。circRNA是人类癌症中有前途的诊断和预后标志物,也是癌症治疗的潜在药物靶点。本文重点介绍了circRNAs编码的多肽和蛋白质在多种癌症中的相关研究进展。这些多肽和蛋白质分别依赖内部核糖体进入位点和m6A两种不同的机制进行翻译。我们还总结了circRNA编码的多肽和蛋白质在各种癌症的诊断、治疗、预后和机制研究中的潜在用途。     

环状RNA在巨噬细胞中的作用

环状RNA(circular RNA, circRNA)是一类特殊的非编码RNA类型,在真核生物细胞和人体转录本中大量存在。circRNA是由前体信使RNA(pre-mRNA)反向剪接形成的共价闭合环状RNA分子,通过充当微核糖核酸(microRNA, miRNA)"海绵"、与蛋白质结合、参与基因转录调控和蛋白质翻译等发挥其生物学作用。随着对circRNA研究的日益增多,已有研究人员报道了circRNA在免疫细胞中的作用。现对circRNA的形成、分类、生物学特性、功能及其在巨噬细胞中的作用作一概述。     

环状RNA的生物学功能及其在疾病发生中的作用

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)主要包括由外显子转录本构成的、经非线性反向剪接形成的内源性RNA分子和内含子来源的环状RNA分子等两类。研究发现,circRNA在人体细胞中广泛表达,在转录后水平具有调控基因表达的重要功能。有些circRNA具有天然微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)海绵作用,可通过与miRNA结合而抑制其活性,从而调控miRNA靶标发挥作用。circRNA在动脉粥样硬化、神经系统紊乱、糖尿病和肿瘤等疾病发生过程中起着较为重要的作用,深入研究circRNA的结构和功能可使我们更好地了解疾病的发生机制,提高相关疾病的预防和诊断水平。文章就circRNA的形成、功能及其在疾病发生中的作用等做一综述。     

环形RNA 在疾病中的研究进展

环形RNA(circular RNA circRNA)是由前体RNA的3'末端和5'末端首尾相连形成的环状非编码RNA,可竞争内源性RNA,调节基因的表达。环形RNA在发现之初,被认为是由于错误剪接产生的,未引起重视,随着RNA测序和生物信息等技术的发展大量的环形RNA被发现,并逐渐成为非编码RNA的研究热点。虽然目前对其功能了解甚少,但已有的研究表明环形RNA可以对基因转录后进行调控。本文将从环形RNA的发现过程、形成机制、生物学功能、与疾病的关系以及研究中存在的问题进行综述,有助于进一步研究中心法则,同时为疾病诊治提供新的方向。     

环状RNA影响肝疾病的发生发展

环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)广泛存在于多种生物细胞中,是一类由3′末端和5′末端经反向剪接共价结合形成的RNA分子。circRNA具有保守性、结构稳定、组织细胞特异性表达等特征。它们具有调控基因转录、充当微RNA海绵、参与蛋白质翻译及充当蛋白质诱饵等重要生物学功能,可影响细胞的增殖、凋亡、周期、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化等过程。circRNA与病毒性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝细胞肝癌、脂肪性肝病等重要肝疾病的病理生理过程密切相关。鉴于肝疾病是我国最常见的一类重大疾病,本文总结了国内外关于circRNA影响肝疾病发生发展的机制,希望为预防、诊断和治疗肝疾病提供新思路。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.