青霉PT95菌固态发酵产生类胡萝卜素的研究

本文对青霉Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｓｐ．ＰＴ９５菌株在固态发酵条件下菌核内产生类胡萝卜素进行了初步研究。结果表明,在３种固态发酵培养基中,玉米粉培养基（ＳＭＡ）比麸皮２基和棉籽壳培养基更适合于ＰＴ９５菌株固态发酵产生类胡萝卜素。为了增加菌核干重和提高类胡萝卜素产率,ＳＭＡ中需要添加氮源、碳源和植物油。在所度的各种氮、碳源中,以硝酸钠和麦芽糖效果最佳。通过我试验确定了在培养基盐溶液中添加硝酸钠３ｇ／Ｌ     

硬粒小麦单倍体原生质体培养及植株再生

由硬粒小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ｄｕｒｕｍ Ｄｅｓｆ．）×玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓＬ．）建立的单倍性胚性愈伤组织,在继代培养４ 个月后置于含２．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,４ 个月后形成了生长迅速、由大小不同（０．５ ～５ ｍ ｍ ）的愈伤组织块组成的愈伤组织悬浮系。酶解试验表明,２．０％ 纤维素酶ＲＳ和０．５％ 的离析酶效果最好,而液体悬浮培养物和固体培养的愈伤组织（在酶解时用锋利的解剖刀片切成１ ｍ ｍ 左右的小块）都能释放出大量原生质体,但悬浮培养物释放出的原生质体状态较好,胞质更浓厚,用ＫＭ８ｐ 培养基以琼脂糖包埋培养方式培养时分裂频率可达５％ 左右。由原生质体再生的小愈伤组织经增殖、筛选后可获得胚性愈伤组织,将其转移至分化培养基Ⅰ（０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ、１．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＢＡＰ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ 水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ固体培养基）和Ⅱ（不含２,４－Ｄ,其它成分同Ⅰ）上进行分步分化培养可再生出完整植株,分化频率约为２０％     

培养条件对钝顶螺旋藻(Sp)NS-90020脂肪酸组成和含量的影响

研究了不同培养条件对钝顶螺旋藻（Ｓｐ）ＮＳ－９００２０脂肪酸合成的影响,随着温度升高,其不饱和脂肪酸,γ－亚麻酸（ＧＬＡ）相对含量降低,总脂肪酸含量升高,当温度为４０℃时总脂肪酸和γ－亚麻酸绝对含量都是达到最大值,分别为７３．４ｍｇ／ｇ干重和１１．９ｍｇ／ｇ干重,当培养基中ＮａＣｌ浓度高于０．０１７ｍｇ／Ｌ时,其ＧＬＡ相对含量降低,但低于０．００１７ｍｏｇ／Ｌ时,对其脂肪酸组成无显著影响;氨水使其     

水母雪莲愈伤组织培养和黄酮类化合物的形成

８种基本培养基对水母雪莲（Ｓａｕｓｓｕｒｅａ ｍｅｄｕｓａ Ｍａｘｉｍ）愈伤组织生长和黄酮类形成影响不同,ＭＳ培养基较有利于愈伤组织生长和黄酮类形成。碳源、氮源、植物激素对愈伤组织生长和黄酮类形成影响较为显著。从ＭＳ培养基修饰得到的Ｍ－１３培养基培养的愈伤组织生长量和黄酮类产量比原培养基分别提高３３％和８２％,达到２１．００ｇＤＷ／Ｌ和１．８９ｇ／Ｌ。通过ＴＬＣ和ＨＰＬＣ初步分析和鉴定,证明Ｍ－１     

石斛离体培养中ABA对诱导花芽形成的影响

由兰科植物铁皮石斛（Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｂｉｕｍ ｃａｎｄｉｄｕｍ Ｗａｌｌ．ｅｘ Ｌｉｎｄｌ．）种子诱导形成的愈伤组织,在光照下置于ＭＳ附加０．３ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ 的培养基上繁殖,可以形成原球茎。将原球茎转入ＭＳ含２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ 和０．５ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ 的培养基上,花芽形成频率为２７．０％ 。原球茎先在０．５ ｍ ｇ／ＬＡＢＡ的培养基上预培养１５ ｄ,再转入含２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ 的ＭＳ培养基上培养,花芽形成频率明显提高,可达８４．４％ ,而且每株植株花的数目增加;但是在仅有ＡＢＡ 的ＭＳ培养基上培养的原球茎再生的植株未见花芽形成     

毛花猕猴桃原生质体再生植株

从毛花猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｅｒｉａｎｔｈａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）试管培养的实生苗新展开叶片分离的原生质体,培养在液体ＭＳ（除去ＮＨ４ＮＯ３）附加２,４－Ｄ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和葡萄糖０．４ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的培养基上。培养３周后植板率达到１９．４％ 。在未添加新鲜培养基的情况下,原生质体再生的细胞可持续分裂,并于３个月时长成２ ｍ ｍ 大小的愈伤组织。将该愈伤组织转移到附加玉米素０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和ＩＡＡ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的固体ＭＳ培养基上,分化出苗。试管苗经诱导生根,长成完整小植株     

培养因子对艾西南瓜芽增殖及不定根形成的影响

以艾西丝南瓜带芽茎段为外植体,研究了基本培养基、激素、糖、光照、培养基支持物等因子对芽增殖及不定要根形成的影响。结果表明：艾西丝南瓜芽增殖的最佳培养条件为：ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５￣１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．１￣０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋食用白糖３０ｇ／Ｌ,芽的月增殖系数稳定在１０左右;不定根诱导的适宜条件是：１／２ＭＳ＋食用白糖２０ｇ／Ｌ生根率达８６％;且自然散射光条件（１０００￣５０００Ｌｘ）优于灯光（１０００     

香椿的组织培养和玻璃苗的防止

１植物名称香椿（Ｔｏｏｎａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）。２材料类别（１）种子发芽３～５ｄ后的下胚轴及带少许下胚轴的子叶;（２）当年生半木质化的腋芽茎段。３培养条件芽诱导及增殖培养,以ＭＳ为基本培养基,蔗糖３０ｇ·Ｌ~（－１）,琼脂０．５％,附加激素（单位ｍｇ·Ｌ~（－１））：（１）６－ＢＡ０．２;（２）６－ＢＡ０．２、ＧＡ_３２．０;（３）ＩＡＡ０．１、６ＢＡ０．２;（４）ＺＴ０．２、ＧＡ_３２．０。诱导生根培养基为１／ＺＭＳ或仅含ＭＳ有机质（铁盐减半）,附加１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ~（－１）ＩＢＡ、１５ｇ·Ｌ~（－１）…     

辣椒转基因植株再生

用改建的农杆菌转化辣椒,已建立有效的转化两再生系统。辣椒无菌苗（１２天苗龄）子叶在再生培养基（ＭＳ＋３ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ）上预培养２天,再用农杆菌感染,共培养２天,再转入含Ｋｍ（１００μｇ／ｍｌ）的再生培养基中培养２－３周后,子叶基部有多丛芽形成。分切多丛芽,将芽转选择性的芽伸长培养基（ＭＳ基本成分＋Ｂ５维生素类＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋７５μｇ／ｍｌ）上,待芽长至２－３ｃｍ后,切下并转入生根培养基（ＭＳ＋     

发根农杆菌A4菌株转化苜蓿悬浮培养物

将苜蓿无菌苗下胚轴切割后,在附加２ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上诱导愈伤组织。愈伤组织在附加０５ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４Ｄ的ＳＨ培养基中悬浮培养。悬浮培养物在用于转化之前,用０４５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇处理１ｈ,然后用０１６ｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ洗涤两次。预处理后的悬浮培养物用ＳＨ培养基悬浮（１０ｍｌ／ｇ悬浮培养物）,再加０２ｍｌ农杆菌悬浮液,于２５±２℃共培养２ｄ。共培养的悬浮培养物洗涤后在附加０５ｍｇ／Ｌ羧苄青霉素的无激素培养基上选择培养。悬浮培养天数、悬浮培养基激素组成和选择培养基种类明显影响转化频率。纸电泳分析表明７０％的转化体可以合成农杆碱和甘露碱。染色体观察显示转化组织细胞存在严重的数目和结构变异     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.