定量检测猕猴血清中重组人源化抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体间接ELISA法的建立

目的：建立定量检测血清中重组人源化抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体（HuMabs）NM57的间接ELISA法,为药代动力学研究提供一种简单快速的方法。方法：采用狂犬病毒糖蛋白包被酶标板、HRP标记的IgG-Fc段为标记抗体,建立定量检测HuMabsNM57的间接ELISA法,并对其特异性、灵敏度、精密度及准确度进行检测。结果：间接ELISA法检测HuMabsNM57的灵敏度为5ng／mL,组内及组间精密度分别为2．6％-6．0％、8．5％-11．3％。结论：建立了灵敏度高、特异性强的检测HuMabs NM57的间接ELISA法,精密度及准确度均符合药代动力学要求,可用于猕猴及人血清中HuMabsNM57的检测。     

新型布尼亚病毒抗体检测方法的建立及初步应用简

目的：建立新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法。方法：用基因工程重组表达的新型布尼亚病毒NP抗原包被酶联板,建立间接ELISA法检测新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体,并进行特异性和灵敏度评价,健康人群中检测结果计算临界值（均值＋3标准差）。检测70例发热伴血小板减少综合征患者恢复血清和69份健康人血清样品。结果：在70份患者血清样品中,检测出新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体阳性51例,阳性率为72．14％（51/70）;69份健康人血清样品中,检测出1份阳性,特异性为98．6％（1/69）。结论：建立的新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于新型布尼亚病毒感染的检测及流行病学调查。     

新型布尼亚病毒抗体检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的:建立新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法。方法:用基因工程重组表达的新型布尼亚病毒NP抗原包被酶联板,建立间接ELISA法检测新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体,并进行特异性和灵敏度评价,健康人群中检测结果计算临界值(均值+3标准差)。检测70例发热伴血小板减少综合征患者恢复血清和69份健康人血清样品。结果:在70份患者血清样品中,检测出新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体阳性51例,阳性率为72.14%(51/70);69份健康人血清样品中,检测出1份阳性,特异性为98.6%(1/69)。结论:建立的新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于新型布尼亚病毒感染的检测及流行病学调查。     

应用捕获ELISA法检测人巨细胞病素特异性IgM抗体的研究

应用捕获ELISA法检测人巨细胞病毒感染者血清特异性IgM抗体。通过与间接ELISA法对47例临床标体的检测比较,该法灵敏度及特异性均高于间接法,且不受RF的影响。试验表明,CMVIgM捕获法特异敏感、简便、快速、重复性好。CMVIgM捕获法试剂的研制成功,将为血清学的检测、流行病学的调查及临床诊断等提供可靠的科学诊断依据,有助于优生及优育 。     

应用捕获ELISA法检测人巨细胞病素特异性IgM抗体的研究

应用捕获ELISA法检测人巨细胞病毒感染者血清特异性IgM抗体。通过与间接ELISA法对 4 7例临床标体的检测比较 ,该法灵敏度及特异性均高于间接法 ,且不受RF的影响。试验表明 ,CMVIgM捕获法特异敏感、简便、快速、重复性好。CMVIgM捕获法试剂的研制成功 ,将为血清学的检测、流行病学的调查及临床诊断等提供可靠的科学诊断依据 ,有助于优生及优育     

血清4型禽腺病毒Fiber蛋白在杆状病毒中的表达及其在抗体检测中的应用

为建立检测血清4型禽腺病毒（FAdV-4）抗体快捷特异方法,本研究首先分别构建含FAdV-4纤突蛋白Fiber-1和Fiber-2的两个重组杆状病毒rBv-Fiber-1和rBv-Fiber-2。在利用IFA以及Western blot鉴定重组杆状病毒分别高效表达Fiber-1和Fiber-2蛋白的基础上,以Ni柱纯化蛋白,并作为特异性识别FAdV-4抗体的包被抗原构建间接ELISA方法。特异性试验表明,间接ELISA仅特异地检出FAdV-4阳性血清,而不与Ⅰ群其他血清型禽腺病毒及其他禽源病毒阳性血清反应。间接ELISA检测灵敏度高于常规IFA方法,批间和批内重复性变异系数均小于10%。临床血清检测结果表明,间接ELISA可有效检出感染FAdV-4或免疫FAdV-4灭活疫苗的鸡群中抗Fiber抗体,且检测结果与BioChek商品化ELISA试剂盒一致。结果表明,本研究利用杆状病毒系统表达的Fiber蛋白及基于表达产物所构建的间接ELISA方法在FAdV-4感染预警和免疫评估有良好的应用前景     

双抗体夹心ELISA检测HIV-1 gp41抗原方法的建立

目的:建立检测HIV-1gp41抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA,并探讨其临床应用的可行性。方法:用饱和硫酸铵(SAS)纯化抗HIV-1gp41-5单克隆抗体(mAb),用HRP标记后建立双抗体夹心ELISA法,对其灵敏度及特异性进行检测,并用该方法对40份HIV-1阳性血清进行了检测。结果:用mAbE12(5μg/mL)为包被抗体,2H6为酶标记抗体(1∶900)建立了双抗体夹心ELISA法,检测gp41-5多肽的灵敏度是100pg/mL。对HIV-1阳性血清中gp41抗原的检出率为67.5%(27/40)。结论:建立了特异性强、灵敏度良好的检测HIV-1gp41抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA法。     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)快速检测狂犬病毒抗体的研究

国内检测狂犬病毒抗体一直用小鼠接种的方法,尚未见快速检测的研究报道,在建立了狂犬病毒组化免疫酶和免疫荧光方法后,由于防治狂犬病需要更敏感的方法。又建立了酶联吸附试验(ELISA)。 采用新鲜配制的磷酸铝凝胶吸附和释放,结合超速离心来提纯。浓缩组织培养的狂犬病毒,以此作为包被抗原,用辣根过氧化酶标记的SPA为第2抗体,底物为磷苯二胺,作间接ELISA测定小鼠血清中的     

应用明胶颗粒凝集试验检测人免疫缺陷病病毒(HIV-1)抗体

明胶颗粒凝集试验是测定HIV-1抗体的新方法。本研究将明胶颗粒凝集试验与ELISA法、蛋白印迹法和间接免疫荧光试验做了比较,观察本方法的敏感性和特异性。共检测了195份来自法国和非洲象牙海岸的血清,凡是蛋白印迹法阳性的血清,明胶颗粒凝试验都是阳性。这表明本方法是特异和敏感的,方法简便,不需特殊仪器,省时,可用于HIV-1抗体的筛选,但多数蛋白印迹法可疑的血清,明胶颗粒试验均阴性。因此,对蛋白印迹法测出的可疑者应该用数种方法进行追踪检测。     

应用血清学方法鉴别急性和慢性病毒性乙型肝炎

本文用ELISA间接法检测急性和慢性乙型肝炎病人血清特异性抗HBcIgG,用ELISA捕捉法检测特异性抗HBcIgM。11例急性乙肝病人急性期抗HBcIgM100％阳性,抗HBcIgG全部阴性;恢复期抗HBcIgM 81.8％阴转,抗HBcIgG则100％阳转。17例慢性乙肝病人抗HBcIgM82.35％阳性,抗HBcIgG 100％阳性。被检血清经密度梯度超速离心,证实抗HBcIgM和抗HBcIgG两类抗体反应在急性和慢性乙肝病人血清中具有不同的动态规律。     

A simple and rapid immunochromatographic test kit for rabies diagnosis

In rabies endemic countries, funds and infrastructure are often insufficient to employ the approved gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of rabies: the direct fluorescent test. In the present study, two types (type 1 and 2) of an ICT kit were evaluated for detection of rabies. These were developed using monoclonal antibodies which recognize epitope II and III of the nucleoprotein of rabies virus. Both kits specifically detected all rabies virus strains and there was no cross reactivity with Lyssaviruses (Lagos, Mokola and Duvenhage), Rhabdovirus (VSV and Oita 296/1972) and other common canine-pathogenic viruses. In type 1, a single type of monoclonal antibody was used. It was capable of detecting recombinant nucleoprotein and showed sensitivity of 95.5% (42/44) and specificity of 88.9% (32/36) using brain samples from rabid dogs. In contrast, type 2 which was made of two different monoclonal antibodies had a lower sensitivity of 93.2% (41/44) and higher specificity of 100% (36/36). These ICT kits provide a simple and rapid method for rabies detection. They need neither cold chain for transportation nor complicated training for personnel. This diagnostic test is suitable for rabies screening, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of rabies and where the fluorescent antibody test is not available.     

应用跨膜区置换的血凝素蛋白建立H7N9禽流感病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法

【目的】由于H7N9禽流感病毒能够感染鸡,并且已经变异成了高致病性毒株,因此,鸡群中H7N9禽流感疫苗的免疫是一个趋势,而鸡群免疫后抗体检测方法的建立也十分必要。本研究旨在建立一种灵敏、高效、高通量的鸡群H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测方法。【方法】通过昆虫杆状病毒表达系统分别表达属于W1、W2-A和W2-B分支H7N9流感病毒的3种野生型血凝素(HA)蛋白,以及跨膜区(TM)置换为H3 HA TM的W2-B分支HA蛋白(H7-53TM)。4种HA蛋白经过离子交换层析纯化后作为抗原,通过ELISA检测H7N9禽流感病毒抗体。【结果】ELISA特异性、敏感性和重复性试验结果显示,跨膜区置换主要影响HA蛋白ELISA检测的重复性,以H7-53TM为抗原的ELISA方法具有较好的重复性,其批内和批间变异系数小于10%,然而3种野生型HA蛋白与部分血清反应批内和批间变异系数大于10%,重复性较差,因此选择H7-53TM蛋白作为ELISA包被抗原。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析,以H7-53TM为抗原的ELISA能够精准地区分H7N9亚型流感病毒抗体阳性和阴性血清。通过相关性分析,该ELISA方法与134份鸡血清HI试验结果具有显著强相关性(r=0.854 6,P0.000 1),并且与3个分支疫苗株免疫血清的HI试验结果也具有显著相关性(r0.5,P0.05)。【结论】跨膜区置换能够提高HA蛋白抗原检测H7N9禽流感病毒抗体的重复性,并应用跨膜区置换的HA蛋白建立了一种能够检测不同分支疫苗株免疫的H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法。     

A modified rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of rabies and rabies-related viruses: RREID-lyssa.

This paper presents a modification of the previously described Rapid Rabies Enzyme Immuno-Diagnosis test (RREID) by using biotinylated antibodies, streptavidin conjugate and a mixture of monospecific polyclonal antibodies against several lyssaviruses. In the modified technique (RREID-lyssa), microplates were sensitized with a mixture of purified antibodies against ribonucleoprotein (RNP) from Pasteur virus (Lyssavirus serotype 1), European Bat Lyssavirus (EBL, unclassified) and Mokola virus (Lyssavirus serotype 3). Bound RNP was detected by the same antibodies labelled with biotin and peroxidase-strepavidin conjugate. These techniques were used for the detection of RNP of different Lyssavirus serotypes (rabies and rabies-related viruses). For lyssavirus specimens of serotype 1, the threshold of detection of RREID and RREID-lyssa were similar. However, a smaller amount of labelled antibodies was needed when biotinylated antibodies were used. For specimens infected by rabies-related strains (serotypes 2, 3, 4 and EBL), the threshold of detection of the RREID-lyssa was between two and 512 times lower than with the RREID. The sensitivity and the specificity of the RREID-lyssa for rabies virus (serotype 1) when tested on a small field trial (53 specimens) were found to be identical to the RREID. Consequently, RREID-lyssa can be a useful tool for diagnostic laboratories that receive specimens infected by rabies-related viruses.     

Magnetic protein microbead-aided indirect fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of canine virus specific antibodies

Rabies, canine distemper, and canine parvovirus are common contagious viral diseases of dogs and many other carnivores, and pose a severe threat to the population dynamics of wild carnivores, as well as endangering carnivore conservation. However, clinical diagnosis of these diseases, especially canine distemper and canine parvovirus, is difficult because of the broad spectrum of symptoms that may be confused with other respiratory and enteric diseases of dogs. The most frequently used and proven techniques for diagnosing viral diseases include the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), mouse neutralisation test (MNT), and fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test. However, these methods still have some inherent limitations. In this study, a magnetic protein microbead-aided indirect fluoroimmunoassay was developed to detect canine virus specific antibodies, human rabies immunoglobulin, CDV McAbs, and CPV McAbs. In this assay, an avidin-biotin system was employed to combine magnetic microbeads and virus antigens (rabies virus, canine distemper virus, and canine parvovirus). Quantification of the targeted virus antibodies was analyzed through indirect fluoroimmunoassay using the specific antigen-antibody reaction, as well as their corresponding FITC-labeled detection antibodies (mouse anti-human IgG/FITC conjugate or rabbit anti-dog IgG/FITC conjugate). The results indicated that the fluorescence intensity increased when a higher concentration of the targeted analyte was used, but the control had almost no fluorescence, much like the conventional ELISA. For human rabies immunoglobulin, CDV McAbs, and CPV McAbs, the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.2 IU/mL, 0.3 ng/mL, and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. All of these results indicate that this assay can be employed to determine the presence of canine virus specific antibodies. In addition, the method devised here can be utilized as a general protocol in other bacterial and viral marker analysis.     

两种甲型肝炎病毒抗原快速检测方法的建立

目的建立两种甲型肝炎病毒抗原(HAV-Ag)检测试剂盒,并对其检测效果进行评价。方法生物素标记甲型肝炎病毒抗体(HAV-Ab)与辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素联合应用建立甲型肝炎病毒抗原BA-ELISA检测法;同时使用辣根过氧化物酶标记HAV-Ab作放大系统建立双抗体夹心甲型肝炎病毒抗原ELISA检测试剂,对比两种检测方法的特异性、灵敏度及实际应用效果。结果用生物素标记甲型肝炎病毒抗体-辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素作放大系统建立的甲型肝炎病毒抗原BA-ELISA检测法,较双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法灵敏度高1～2个稀释度;两种检测法均对10余种病毒无交叉,P/N值BA-ELISA检测法较高。结论甲型肝炎病毒抗原BA-ELISA检测法是一种灵敏度高,特异性好,方便快捷的检测方法,可广泛应用于甲型肝炎病毒研究及临床检测中。而甲型肝炎病毒抗原双抗体夹心ELISA检测法,检测灵敏度适中,操作简单,更适用于甲肝疫苗生产检定。     

Chicken embryo related (CER) cell line for quantification of rabies neutralizing antibody by fluorescent focus inhibition test.

Levels of rabies virus neutralization antibody in sera from vaccinated dogs and cattle were either measured by mouse neutralization test (MNT) or by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), performed on CER monolayers. The two tests were compared for their ability to detect the 0.5 International Units/ml (I.U.) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the minimum response for proof of rabies immunization. A significant correlation was found between the two tests (n=211; r=0.9949 in dogs and 0.9307 in cows, p<0.001), good sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (94.7%) and agreement (96.6%) as well. RFFIT method standardized on CER cell system for neutralizing antibodies detection turns the diagnosis easier and less expensive, specially when a great number of samples must be tested from endemic areas as commonly found in Brazil.     

Development of an immunofluorescence method for the detection of antibodies to Ebola virus subtype Reston by the use of recombinant nucleoprotein-expressing HeLa cells

An indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) to detect Ebola virus subtype Reston (EBO-R) antibodies was developed by the use of a HeLa cell line stably expressing EBO-R nucleoprotein (NP). This IFA has a high specificity for the detection of EBO-R IgG antibodies in both hyperimmune rabbit sera and monkey sera collected during an EBO-R outbreak in the Philippines in 1996. Furthermore, this IFA showed a higher sensitivity for the detection of EBO-R antibodies than did the IFA using HeLa cells expressing the NP of Ebola virus subtype Zaire. These results suggest that this new IFA is useful for seroepidemiological studies of EBO-R infection among monkeys.     

A simple sandwich ELISA (WELYSSA) for the detection of lyssavirus nucleocapsid in rabies suspected specimens using mouse monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for the diagnosis of rabies-suspect specimens. A combination of four mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against the rabies virus nucleocapsid was selected and used for the detection. The test was optimized and standardized so that maximum concordance could be maintained with the standard procedures of rabies diagnosis recommended by the WHO expert committee. Using prototype viruses from the different genotypes of lyssavirus and from various geographic origins and phylogenetic lineages, this paper presents a reliable, rapid and transferable diagnostic method, named WELYSSA that readily permits the detection of lyssaviruses belonging to the 7 genotypes of lyssavirus circulating in Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania. The threshold of detection of lyssavirus nucleocapsids is low (0.8 ng/ml). With a panel of 1030 specimens received for rabies diagnostic testing, this test was found to be highly specific (0.999) and sensitive (0.970) when compared to other recommended rabies diagnostic methods.     

A Comparison of Two Serological Methods for Detecting the Immune Response after Rabies Vaccination in Dogs and Cats being Exported to Rabies-free Areas

Levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibody in sera from dogs and cats were titrated to endpoint by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) and retested by the RFFIT and the Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization test (FAVN). The two tests were compared for their ability to detect the 0.5 international units/ml (I.U.) of antibody required by the World Health Organization and the Office International des Epizooties as the minimum response for proof of rabies immunization. No difference was observed in sensitivity or specificity for either method in tests of 168 sera from unvaccinated animals or 70 sera from vaccinated animals with high levels of neutralizing antibody (an initial RFFIT titre of > or = 1.0 I.U.). Test to test variation occurred for results obtained by both RFFIT and FAVN for 95 sera from vaccinated animals with low to moderate levels of neutralizing antibody (RFFIT titre < 1.0 I.U.). No significant differences were detected for the 95 sera in the frequency for one methodology more often than the other to have a positive response (> or = 0.5 I.U.), nor were significant differences detected for the symmetry (P = 0.43) or the marginal homogeneity (P = 0.39) of results obtained by the two methods. Both methods can adequately identity unvaccinated animals, but false positive and false negative results are possible for either method when a single test is used to measure the antibody response of low-responding vaccinated animals. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified several amino acid differences in stocks of the challenge rabies virus from different laboratories. The small differences in neutralizing antibody titre that may result from mutations in the challenge virus are not important for evaluating immunity induced by vaccines which are themselves prepared from a variety of different rabies virus strains, but differences in the challenge virus, rather than differences in methodology, may account for at least some of the discrepant results reported in inter-laboratory surveys. Comparative studies of serological methods for measuring rabies antibodies should use well-characterized unpassaged virus stocks obtained from a single reference laboratory.     

Core antigen tests for hepatitis C virus: a meta-analysis

Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection relies mainly on the detection of HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. HCV antibody test has a longer window period and is not applicable in the immunosuppressed population. Although HCV RNA test reduces the window period, it is still not widely recommended because of its high cost and requirement of specific equipment. HCV core antigen is another direct virological marker which has been investigated in recent years. HCV core antigen assay is as simple as the HCV antibodies assay and can detect HCV infection only 1 day delay compared to the HCV RNA assay. In order to evaluate the application of HCV core antigen test in HCV diagnosis and management, we performed this meta-analysis. Twenty five articles were finally included in meta-analysis. All statistical analyses were performed with MetaDisc 1.4 and Stata 11.0. The pooled sensitivity of HCV core antigen assay was 0.84 (95 % CI, 0.83-0.85), and the pooled specificity was 0.98 (95 % CI, 0.97-0.98). HCV core antigen assays may not displace HCV RNA assays to be a definitive diagnosis of HCV infection until now. Considering the higher sensitivity (0.926) and specificity (0.991) of subgroup, HCV-cAg detection is a promising method as a confirmatory test for HCV antibody positive, therapy-naive individuals. Explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis, possible sources of heterogeneity of specificity was found, while the heterogeneity of sensitivity was still significant.