Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of aminophylline on hyperbaric-induced increase in carotid blood flow

Carotid blood flow was measured in rats by implanted transit-time ultrasonic flowprobes during hyperbaric experiments at up to 70 bar (7 MPa) using an helium-oxygen hyperoxic (partial pressure of O₂ = 400 mbar) mixture. Before the hyperbaric experiment, an intracerebroventricular injection of phosphate saline buffered solution (PBS) or aminophylline, an adenosine receptor blocker, in PBS was given. Throughout the hyperbaric experiment carotid blood flow increased with ambient pressure in both PBS, i.e. control, and aminophylline treated rats. The increase in carotid blood flow was significantly attenuated in aminophylline treated rats. Additional experiments showed that the increased carotid blood flow was independent of hyperoxia as well as of temperature. The hypothesis that the hyperbaric dependent increase in carotid blood flow was mediated by brain adenosine receptors and its implication regarding a cerebral vasodilatation are discussed.     

Inhibition of elongation and H+ and K+ transport by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor aminophylline in plant tissue

Aminophylline, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17), inhibits elongation and correlated H⁺ and K⁺ transport in embryos of Haplopappus gracilis and in pea internode segments. Moreover, the drug strongly inhibits the stimulation of these processes by fusicoccin and indole-3-acetic acid and reduces passive permeability of the membrane. The possible mechanisms of action of aminophylline are discussed.Abbreviations cAMP adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate - FC fusicoccin - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - MES 2-N-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid - PDE cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase     

氨茶碱及高压氧治疗老年呼吸衰竭疗效及对患者肺功能影响

摘要 目的：探讨氨茶碱及高压氧治疗老年呼吸衰竭疗效及对患者肺功能影响。方法：采取回顾性研究法,选择2016年8月到2021年5月在本院诊治的老年呼吸衰竭患者84例作为研究对象,以随机1:1数字表法方式把患者平均分为对照组和联合组各42例。两组都给予无创机械通气治疗,对照组给予雾化吸入氨茶碱治疗,联合组在对照组治疗的基础上给予高压氧治疗,两组都治疗观察14 d。结果：两组治疗后的动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）值显著升高,动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）值显著降低,对比存在明显差异,治疗后联合组的PaCO₂、PaO₂值与对照组对比存在明显差异（P<0.05）。治疗后,联合组总有效率为97.6 %,高于对照组83.3 %（P<0.05）。治疗后,联合组与对照组的一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）/用力肺活量（FVC）值都明显高于治疗前,联合组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后联合组与对照组的血清白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-10水平都呈现明显下降趋势,且联合组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：氨茶碱联合高压氧治疗老年呼吸衰竭能抑制IL-6、IL-10的表达,改善机体的血气状况与肺功能,提高总体治疗效果,减少并发症的发生,值得在临床上推广使用。     

Increased drought resistance induced by pretreatment with abscisic acid in germinating embryos of Haplopappus gracilis

Embryos of Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) Gray were prehydrated in water or under different conditions, all of them inhibiting or greatly reducing embryo elongation (abscisic acid, polyethylenglycol, cycloheximide, cordycepin, aminophylline, and at 4°C), dehydrated for 24 h and regerminated. All treatments resulted in improved drought resistance compared with water controls, but the best results were obtained with pretreatment with abscisic acid. In fact these embryos revealed in the rehydration phase, (a) the highest percentage of embryos able to resume germination, (b) the lowest leakage of ninhydrin reacting substances, and (c) the highest level of ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation. Lengthening of the prehydration phase in abscisic acid up to 24–48 h improved the conditions of the embryos in the rehydration phase, with less damage to the cells of the radicle tip. A protective action of abscisic acid, possibly at the level of the cell membrane system, is hypothesized.     

酶标仪法测定氨茶碱血药浓度的研究

摘要 目的：通过酶标仪法,建立一种研究氨茶碱在新西兰兔体内的药代动力学参数及房室模型的分析方法。方法：新西兰兔以剂量15 mg/kg静脉注射氨茶碱后,应用酶标仪法,测定在274 nm 波长处吸光度值,采用直线相关与回归分析进行数据统计分析氨茶碱在体内的药代动力学参数、回收率实验及房室模型分析。结果：血清茶碱在浓度5～30 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为：A= 0.0013C+0.0074,r²=0.991。各浓度氨茶碱回收率均大于90%,平均回收率为95.83±3.83,RSD均小于15%,回收效果良好。通过氨茶碱体内房室模型拟合得：二室模型拟合显示：由消除相,得外推线浓度线性回归方程：lgC=-0.1271t+1.0562;由分布相,得残数浓度线性回归方程为：lgCr =-0.5829t+1.030,综合得其二室模型的药动学方程为：C=22.000e^-1.342t +11.381e^-0.292t 、T_1/2（α）= 0.516 h、T_1/2（β）= 2.369 h。一室模型拟合显示：一室模型药动学方程为：lgC= -0.2131t + 1.315,其药时方程为：C= 20.649e^-0.491t 、T_1/2= 1.412 h;结论：可以用酶标仪法测定氨茶碱体内药代动力学相关参数,其回收率良好,体内代谢符合二室模型,消除半衰期较长。     

氨茶碱与柠檬酸盐协同作用促进环磷酸腺苷发酵生产

目的: 探究通过抑制磷酸二酯酶活性促进cAMP发酵合成的工艺方法。方法: 在7 L发酵罐上进行添加氨茶碱的发酵实验,通过对发酵主要参数、关键酶活性、能量代谢水平等进行分析,针对性提出了氨茶碱与柠檬酸盐协同作用促进cAMP合成的发酵工艺。结果: 与对照相比,添加5 mg/L氨茶碱批次的cAMP产量提高25.9%,副产物腺苷浓度减少41.6%,两批次中腺苷酸环化酶和琥珀腺苷酸脱氢酶活性无显著改变,而磷酸二酯酶和5'-核苷酸酶活性明显下降。能量代谢分析结果表明,两批次的胞内ATP/AMP相比于对照批次明显降低,而AMP水平却显著上升,ATP合成水平成为限制产物积累的主要因素。氨茶碱与柠檬酸盐协同添加的cAMP发酵工艺中,cAMP产量达到4.48 g/L,比单独添加柠檬酸钠和氨茶碱分别提高22.1%和13.8%,副产物腺苷浓度仅为0.98 g/L,分别降低51.7%和25.3%。结论: 氨茶碱抑制了磷酸二酯酶和5'-核苷酸酶活性,减少cAMP分解和副产物合成,显著提高cAMP产量,然而ATP合成水平成为产物积累的限制因素。氨茶碱与柠檬酸盐协同添加工艺将抑制磷酸二酯酶活性和提高能量代谢水平相结合,进一步促进了产物发酵合成。     

2种治疗药物监测结果分析

目的:通过对治疗药物(462例地高辛、171例氨茶碱)的血药浓度监测,提出个体化给药建议,以有效指导临床合理用药。方法:用全自动微粒子化学发光免疫分析系统(EMIA)测定地高辛和氨茶碱在病人体内的血药浓度,进行血药浓度监测。结果:浓度在有效范围内比例逐年上升,低于治疗范围的比例较高,高出治疗范围的比例较低,我院共监测地高辛血药浓度462例,在有效血药浓度范围(0.8μg·L~(-1)～2μg·L~(-1))248例,有效率为53.7%;氨茶碱血药浓度171例,在有效血药浓度范围(10mg·L~(-1)～20mg·L~(-1)) 83例,有效率为48.5%。结论:该方法快速、敏感、简便,本研究提示在应用地高辛和氨茶碱等安全范围窄的药物时,应注意血药浓度监测(TDM),并密切注意患者的生理、病理、联合用药等影响因素。     

头孢他啶联合氨茶碱治疗慢性阻塞性肺气肿的疗效及对血清IGF-1、α1-AT、PDGF-B水平的影响

目的:探讨头孢他啶联合氨茶碱治疗慢性阻塞性肺气肿(COPD)的临床疗效及对患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、血清α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)、血小板衍生生长因子-B(PDGF-B)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2015年4月至2018年4月收治的154例慢性阻塞性肺气肿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组。对照组采用头孢他啶治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用氨茶碱联合治疗。对比两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后血清IGF-1、α1-AT、PDGF-B水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组与对照组临床疗效总有效率分别为94.80%和71.43%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组血清IGF-1、PDGF-B水平均显著低于对照组[(110.67±13.58) vs.(143.17±15.74)ng/ml、(128.67±15.33) vs.(247.69±30.17)ng/L],而血清α1-AT水平明显高于对照组[(2.79±0.43) vs.(1.77±0.46)g/L](P0.05);观察组与对照组不良反应率分别为5.19%和50.64%,观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:综上所述,头孢他啶联合氨茶碱治疗COPD的临床疗效和安全性均显著优于单用头孢他啶治疗,可能与其有效降低COPD患者血清PDGF-B、IGF-1,明显提高血清α1-AT水平有关。     

Hemolysis of human red blood cells by combination of riboflavin and aminophylline

The effect of aminophylline on human red blood cells (RBC) has been studied. Under in vitro condition, aminophylline alone does not hemolyse RBC. However, in the presence of riboflavin and visible light, aminophylline causes hemolysis of RBC. This hemolysis depends on the concentration of both riboflavin and aminophylline. Using different free radical scavengers we show that RBC hemolysis is caused by reactive oxygen species. Studies using bovine serum albumin show that riboflavin-aminophylline combination can also cause protein degradation in vitro.