寂漠千秋 福祉万代

沙漠是指沙质荒漠，有时也广义地包括沙地。在中国“雄鸡”状版图的颈背处，是我国广袤的西北干旱区。在那里至西向东串珠状地横亘着温带沙漠和草原沙地。沙漠日照强烈，降水稀少，气候干燥!沙漠里泥土稀薄，基质疏松，土壤贫瘠!沙漠里多大风，风运沙移，沙暴肆虐!沙漠历来被人类视为生存的艰难之处，甚至禁区!     

中国大陆白腹鼠属的分支系统发育研究

运用Hennig的分支系统学原理和方法,对分布于中国大陆的白腹鼠属7个种的部分外部及头骨形态学特征进行性状数据分析,结合应用Paup和Hennig 86两种分支系统学软件对它们之间的系统发育关系进行研究.结果表明:安氏白腹鼠N.andersoni和川西白腹鼠N.excelsior亲缘关系较近,二者聚在一起,组成了Musser(1981)的安氏白腹鼠种组N.andersoni-Division;另外刺毛鼠N.fulvescens和褐尾鼠N.cremoriuenter的亲缘关系最近,二者先聚在一起,再与社鼠N.confucianus聚在一起,形成了安氏白腹鼠种组的姐妹群;而梵鼠N.brahma是上述5种白腹鼠组成类群的姐妹群,灰腹鼠N.eha则与前6种白腹鼠组成类群互为姐妹群.     

生态脆弱带不同区域近缘优势灌木的生理生态学特性

小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿分别为中国北方生态脆弱带典型区域——科尔沁沙地、毛乌素沙地和腾格里沙漠的优势灌木。为了探讨生长在地理位置相距很远的不同气候类型区、但亲缘关系较近的沙漠植物种之间特性的差异及近缘种间引种成功的可能性 ,对 3种灌木在原产地和引种地 (腾格里沙漠 )的气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数、β胡萝卜素和脯氨酸累积等特性进行了对比研究 ,结果显示 :各区优势灌木的气体交换特征不同 ,主要依照区域光照和温湿条件的不同组合而变化 ,各区域的环境条件组合最利于其建群种的生长 ;引进种对引种地环境变化的反应调节较乡土种敏感 ;地理位置相距较近的近缘种间生理特性相近 ,引种易于成功     

大花蕙兰与兰属植物种间杂交研究

进行了大花蕙兰、墨兰、建兰、纹瓣兰、兔耳兰等兰属植物的种间远缘杂交实验。在52个杂交组合中, 86.5%的杂交组合具明显的子房膨大和果荚发育, 但授粉4个月后未变黄落果的杂交果仅占组合数32.7%, 经胚胎培养获得植株的杂交组合只占组合数的19.2%。大花蕙兰×墨兰与墨兰×大花蕙兰的杂交成功率有较大的差异。     

草原蝗灾的"元凶"

其实每次草原蝗灾暴发,造成严重危害,都不是一种蝗虫引起的,而是几种模样迥异,习性不同的蝗虫共同泛滥为害的结果。在内蒙古草原可引起蝗灾的蝗虫包括有毛足棒角蝗、褐色雏蝗、宽须蚁蝗、皱膝蝗、白边痂蝗、小翅雏蝗、宽翅曲背蝗、红腹牧草蝗、条纹鸣蝗、异爪蝗、狭翅雏蝗等等。本文中的所有图片都是中国科学院康乐研究员所拍摄,这是他在草原上十多年研究期间积累下来的,是研究草原蝗虫珍贵的第一手资料,本刊为首发。     

生活在蝗虫的翅膀下

“没怎么见过蝗灾的草原人,忽然发现自己竟然处在蝗虫的翅膀下,而这些蝗虫正在同他们的牛羊抢夺着食物。”     

川芎嗪合并硫酸镁治疗妊高征大鼠的疗效及机制探讨

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment of pregnancy--induced hypertension (PIH) in rats by Ligustrazine collaborated with magnesium sulfate. PIH rat models were induced with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) infusing at 7 mg/kg per day via caudal vein for four days, then treated with Ligustrazine, magnesium sulfate, or both for three days. Rat blood pressure level was measured by the tail-cuff method, 24 hours urine protein was also assayed. The blood pressure and urine proteins of grouped PIH rats were recorded before the start and after the termination of therapy. The body length and the weight of fetal rats, the weight of placentals from pregnant rats were measured. The placental tissues, livers, kidneys of rats were investigated with integrated methods such as histopathologic observation with light microscopy, ultrastructural observation with transmission electron microscopy. L-NAME administration in pregnancy rats during the late pregnancy period had resulted in an rise of blood pressure, an increasing of urine protein, death rate of rat fetus, incidence of teratogenesis, and so on. Three groups of PIH rats treated with single magnesium sulfate, Ligustrazine, or Ligustrazine combined with magnesium sulfate showed an obvious dropping of the proteinuria, decompression of blood pressure (p<0.01, p<0.001), especially the treatment efficacy in the group of Ligustrazine combined with magnesium sulfate was more significant effective than other two groups (p<0.01, p<0.001). The treatment with both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate could increase the body length of newly born rats, the body weight of tomites and the placental weight, furthermore, reduce the rate of the teratosis of hindlimb-shortness (p<0.001). There were diffuse focal necrosis areas in the livers of PIH rats, their glomerular basement membrane had thickened extensively, the glomerular endothelium had swelled, extensive edema in the epithelia of renal tubule was demonstrated. The decidua and basal zone of the placentae of PIH rats all thickened, the microvilli of trophoblasts decreased. After treatment with ligustrazine especially with both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate, the necrosis of hepatocytes disappeared. The thickening of glomerular basement membrane in the group of ligustrazine or both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate treatment reduced; Moreover in the latter group the morphology of glomerular endothelium essentially recovered, the edema in cytoplasms of renal tubular epithelium reduced. The placental lesions were also relieved. The present results indicated the therapeutic effect by Ligustrazine collaborated with magnesium sulfate was better than a single use of Ligustrazine or magnesium sulfate. There were pathological alteration involved ischemia and anoxic in the placental tissues of PIH rats, resembled the placental pathological alteration of the human cases with PIH. The treatment with ligustrazine, and especially both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate in PIH rats could obviously relieve the lesions in lives, kidneys and placentae.     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207SifA-突变株的构建和鉴定

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SifA-基因突变株的特点是能进入真核细胞的胞液。利用P22噬菌体转导技术构建了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗株SL7207的SifA-突变株SL7207*,该突变株与SL7207有着相似的体外生长曲线和细胞侵袭力,SL7207*在MDCK上皮细胞中的增殖能力增强,但在RAW2647巨噬细胞中的生存能力减弱。小鼠毒力试验显示SL7207*在BALB/c小鼠体内毒力下降。仅SL7207*在体外可向RAW2647巨噬细胞递送真核表达质粒。SL7207*的构建为重组沙门氏菌疫苗载体的研制提供了一个新的选择。     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207 SifA-突变株的构建和鉴定

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SifA^-基因突变株的特点是能进入真核细胞的胞液。利用P22噬菌体转导技术构建了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗株SL7207的SifA^-突变株SL7207,该突变株与SL7207有着相似的体外生长曲线和细胞侵袭力,SL7207。在MDCK上皮细胞中的增殖能力增强,但在RAW264．7巨噬细胞中的生存能力减弱。小鼠毒力试验显示SL7207。在BALB／c小鼠体内毒力下降。仅SL7207在体外可向RAW264．7巨噬细胞递送真核表达质粒。SL7207的构建为重组沙门氏菌疫苗载体的研制提供了一个新的选择。     

铜绿假单胞菌对长链烷烃的摄取模式*

研究了一株铜绿假单胞菌(CGMCC 1.1785)摄取长链烷烃的模式。铜绿假单胞菌1.1785能够以固态的长链烷烃为唯一碳源生长,在培养过程中产生表面活性代谢物。烃与水相的界面面积是细菌生长重要的影响因素,说明传质限制的存在。由于该菌不能够利用鼠李糖脂增溶的烃作为碳源,因此添加鼠李糖脂能够强化烃摄取的主要原因是烃界面的扩大。细胞表面疏水性从开始的急剧升高到后来的不断下降,说明在不同生长阶段细胞对烃的摄取模式是不同的。由此认为,铜绿假单胞菌1.1785既没有通过表面活性剂介导模式获取烃,也并非完全通过直接接