多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及地理分布成因的探讨

本文根据对多鳞铲颔鱼的分布、生物学特性及栖居河段的生态环境等所做的调查和研究,探讨了多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及分布成因等问题。做为对北方寒冷气候的适应,多鳞铲颌鱼有蛰伏泉穴越冬的习性,越冬期近6个月;推测多鳞铲颌鱼是由原始鲃类演化来的,形成于更新世早期;现代分布状况可能是受第四纪冰期的影响而造成的。     

秦巴山区野生多鳞白甲鱼的营养成分分析与评价

选取不同体质量的秦巴山区野生多鳞白甲鱼(Onychostoma macrolepis)20尾,对其肌肉中的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸以及微量元素硒的含量进行检测和分析,以期对多鳞白甲鱼的营养价值进行评估。研究结果显示:秦巴山区野生多鳞白甲鱼的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为17. 37%和1. 76%。谷氨酸含量最高,天冬氨酸和赖氨酸次之,蛋氨酸含量最低,鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的38. 46%和37. 10%,氨基酸评价指数(EAAI)为77. 00%。野生多鳞白甲鱼二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的总量为6. 32%,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和不饱和脂肪酸的比值约为1∶1。肌肉中硒的含量为(0. 058±0. 017)mg/kg。研究结果表明,秦巴山区野生多鳞白甲鱼的营养价值较高,硒含量适中,可以在当地进行进一步产业化开发和推广。     

Novel terpenoids from Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana

Calocetriol ( 1 ), diacetylcalocediol ( 2 ), and ferrugimenthenol ( 3 ) were isolated from the bark of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana. Among them, 1 and 2 are secoabietane‐type diterpenoids, and 3 , with a novel C₂₀ C₁₀ skeleton, is classified as a meroterpenoid. The structures of 1 – 3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and their biological activities were also evaluated. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells with an IC₅₀ value of 9.0±0.1 μM .     

Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Actinopterygii: Haemulidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean

Morphometric measurements, meristic counts and DNA barcoding identified the presence of a biglip grunt Plectorhinchus macrolepis in the western Atlantic Ocean. As the species is endemic to the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean and has not previously been reported in the western Atlantic Ocean, we discuss the possible means by which it might have dispersed to the western Atlantic Ocean. Even though this species is not considered established in Paranaguá Bay, we advocate monitoring of possible new individuals and other exotic fish species.     

THE USE OF BENZOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS FISH TRANQUILLIZER AND ANAESTHETIC IN SALINE WATERS

SUMMARY

The anaesthetic effects of various concentrations of benzocaine hydrochloride were tested on Liza macrolepis and Sarotherodor mossambicus in sea water and diluted sea water, respectively. Induction time for anaesthesia was negatively correlated with increasing anaesthetic concentrations in L. macrolepis.

In S. mossambicus, however, operculum clamping appeared to be responsible-f or induction times increasing with increased anaesthetic concentration.

The tranquillizing effects of low concentrations of benzocaine hydrochloride on L. macrolepis was also studied.     

广西翠柏属(柏科)植物小志

订正了广西翠柏属(柏科)植物,确定了广西分布有2种,即翠柏和岩生翠柏,其中分布于广西石灰岩山顶的翠柏属植物为岩生翠柏,该种与翠柏不同在于鳞叶先端钝状或宽钝状,球果宽卵形,具极短的柄,种鳞4,可育种鳞先端弯曲、圆形,表面粗糙,无尖头.最后根据IUCN的评估标准对广西翠柏属植物进行了濒危等级的评估,并提供了两种植物的地理分...     

云南蔷薇科植物的区系特征和地理分布

蔷薇科是云南种子植物区系中的第5大科,有41属456种,其属种分别占我国蔷薇科的74.5%和52.2%.云南蔷薇科植物的区系物征:1)云南蔷薇科属种十分丰富,分别占国产属的3/4和种的一半以上;而且该科植物中原始的、中间过渡的和进化的类群在云南均有分布.2)区系地理成份相当复杂,以包括北温带和东亚等分布类型为主的温带成分占优势.3)蔷薇科在云南的地理分布为5个区.该科植物在滇西、滇西北区种类最为丰富,占总种数的65.7%,其次是中部高原区、滇东南区及滇南和滇西南区较少,滇东北区最少.云南是蔷薇科植物的一个现代分布中心和分化中心之一.     

木论喀斯特林区翠柏群落学特征的初步研究

广西木论喀斯特林区,位于我国中亚热带南缘。据６００ｍ２翠柏群落样方调查结果：有维管束植物７６种,隶５１科６９属,其中单种的属占８９．９％。植物区系以热带分布区类型为主,占总属数（不含世界分布）的７１．０％,温带分布占２５．８％,但群落的种类组成是以亚热带成分占优势,按Ｒａｒｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型分类系统,高位芽植物占８２．９％,地面芽植物占１５．８％,一年生植物占１．３％,缺少地上芽和地下芽植物;从生理角度分析,叶级以小型叶（包括微型和鳞型叶）为主,占５９．２％;叶型以单叶占的比例最大,为８６．８％,群落结构可分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分出二个亚层。对该群落各乔木种群的大小结构分析,显示出翠柏群落是相对稳定性较大的群落。