Identification of differential genes in the ovary relative to the testis and their expression patterns in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a rare marine flatfish whose mature ovary and testis greatly differ in volume and weight. The length and weight of mature females are over twice greater than those of mature males. To obtain sufficient information on gonad differentiation and the relationship between gonad development and growth in the fish, we compared gene expression between the ovary and testis using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Testis cDNAs are subtracted from...     

菲律宾海北部底质沉积中的深海介形类

对琉球群岛东侧的菲律宾海北部海区(27.0°-30.0°N,129.5°-135.5°E)水深1 666 m至6 616 m的123个表层沉积物样品进行了定量微体古生物学研究.仅在38个样品中发现介形类,主要分布在4 000 m以浅水深区.初步鉴定有21属35种,其中Krithe在样品中的出现率和丰度最高,其次常见的还...     

镉胁迫对拟南芥的毒害作用及自噬现象的观测

镉离子(Cd2+)具有强植物毒性,可抑制植物生长,甚至导致植物死亡。为了研究重金属镉对拟南芥的毒害作用,采用叶绿素荧光技术、流式细胞技术、激光共聚焦技术及半定量RT-PCR技术,检测光合参数的变化、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的累积、自噬的发生,以及病原相关蛋白(pathogenesis-related protein,PR)基因表达的变化。实验结果显示,随着50μmol/L CdCl2处理时间的延长,ROS和Cd2+在细胞中大量积累。而在镉胁迫的初期,会观察到自噬的发生及PR基因表达的变化。说明植物受到外界Cd2+作用的初期,会通过自噬及增强PR基因表达来抵抗外界胁迫。但随着处理时间的延长,植物细胞内累积了大量的ROS和Cd2+,当植物不足以通过自噬途径抵抗胁迫时,就会导致生长受阻,最终对光合系统造成损伤。     

Ca2+参与茉莉酸诱导蚕豆气孔关闭的信号转导

以Fluo-3AM为Ca~(2 )荧光探针,结合激光共聚焦扫描显微技术,观察到在处理后数十秒内,气孔关闭之前,茉莉酸(JA)可引起[Ca~(2 )]cyt的迅速上升;叶照和JA的前体物亚麻酸(LA)几乎不能引起[Ca~(2 )]cyt的明显变化;钙的螯合剂EGTA预处理可完全阻断JA诱导气孔关闭的效应,并且JA不再引起保卫细胞[Ca~(2 )]cyt增加;质膜Ca~(2 )通道的抑制剂硝苯吡啶(nifedipine,NIF)可减弱JA诱导气孔关闭的效应,也使JA诱导保卫细胞[Ca~(2 )]cyt增加的幅度有所下降;胞内Ca~(2 )释放的抑制剂钌红不能明显改变JA诱导气孔关闭的趋势,但使JA引起的保卫细胞[Ca~(2 )]cyt增加有所降低。实验结果表明:Ca~(2 )参与JA诱导气孔关闭的信号转导;推测JA引起的[Ca~(2 )]cyt升高可能主要来源于胞外,但不能完全排除胞内Ca~(2 )的释放。     

半滑舌鳎早期形态及发育特征

半滑舌鳎卵子为分离的球形浮性卵 ,卵径 1 18-1 3 1mm。卵膜薄、光滑、透明 ,具弹性。多油球 ,一般为 97-12 5个 ,多数在 10 0个左右 ,油球径 0 0 4-0 11mm。在培养水温为 2 0 5-2 2 8℃的条件下 ,卵子授精后 3 7h仔鱼孵出 ,3 0min后仔鱼全部孵出。初孵仔鱼全长 2 56-2 68mm。 1日龄仔鱼 ,出现胸鳍芽。 1 5日龄仔鱼 ,巡游模式基本建立。 2日龄仔鱼 ,逐渐建立外源性摄食关系。 3日龄仔鱼 ,出现鳔泡 ,个体发育进入后期仔鱼期。 18日龄 ,个体发育进入稚鱼期。 2 5日龄稚鱼 ,右眼开始向上移动。 2 7日龄稚鱼 ,右眼已转到头顶。 2 9日龄稚鱼 ,右眼完全转到左侧 ,胸鳍退化 ,各鳍鳍条发育完全。 57日龄 ,个体发育进入幼鱼期。 79日龄幼鱼 ,鳔退化、鳞片发育完全 ,侧线 3条。研究结果表明 :前期仔鱼培育期间 ,除了严格控制适宜的培养水温外 ,仔鱼开口后就应及时投喂一定密度的适口饵料 ,这是苗种培育中不可忽视的重要环节和技术措施之一 ;稚鱼变态期间加强鲜活饵料的投喂是提高稚鱼变态成活率的关键所在。仔鱼孵化后出现的管状感觉器官以及背、臀鳍膜上的泡状结构在早期发育阶段的生态和生理作用尚不清楚。半滑舌鳎成鱼无鳔和无胸鳍 ,而在早期发育期间具有鳔泡和胸鳍 ,这是生物个体发育史中祖先特征的重演     

中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）4个种群的同工酶遗传变异

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术分析了中国对虾（Penaeuschinensis）黄渤海沿岸种群（YP）、朝鲜半岛西海岸种群（KP）和2个养殖种群（CP1和CP2）的同工酶遗传变异水平。每个种群随机选取50尾中国对虾进行同工酶检测。在所分析的12种同工酶编码的20个基因位点中,有4个是多态位点。4个种群的多态位点比例（P0.99）分别为15%、20%、10%和20%。种群平均杂合度（观测值）（Ho）分别为0.014±0.007、0.020±0.010、0.010±0.007和0.033±0.017。4个种群的位点有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为1.015±0.008、1.023±0.011、1.011±0.007和1.042±0.022。杂合子平衡偏离指数（D）分别为+0.037、-0.030、-0.098和-0.030。2个地理种群（YP和KP）的遗传相似性系数（I）和遗传距离（D     

渤海中、南部大型底栖动物物种多样性的研究

以1997年 6月、1998年9月和1999年4月共3个航次,覆盖渤海中、南部大部分海区的大型底栖动物丰度、生物量和生产力的研究为基础,进一步对其物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明：研究海域的大型底栖动物物种多样性没有明显的平面分布规律;物种多样性指数与沉积物因子的相关性高于其与底层水因子的相关性;沉积物中污染物含量的确会对大型底栖动物的多样性造成影响。通过对3个航次中3个相同站位的比较,发现不同年份之3个季节的平均Shannon Wiener指数无显著差异（P>0.05）;而1998年9月和1999年4月2个航次中20个相同站位的平均Shannon Wiener指数同样也未表现出明显的差异（P>0.05）。此外,渤海的物种数量要明显地高于胶州湾。     

Effects of Tomato Root Exudates on Meloidogyne incognita

Plant root exudates affect root-knot nematodes egg hatch. Chemicals in root exudates can attract nematodes to the roots or result in repellence, motility inhibition or even death. However, until recently little was known about the relationship between tomato root exudates chemicals and root-knot nematodes. In this study, root exudates were extracted from three tomato rootstocks with varying levels of nematode resistance: Baliya (highly resistant, HR), RS2 (moderately resistant, MR) and L-402 (highly susceptible, T). The effects of the root exudates on Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) egg hatch, survival and chemotaxis of second-stage juveniles (J2) were explored. The composition of the root exudates was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) prior to and following M. incognita inoculation. Four compounds in root exudates were selected for further analysis and their allopathic effect on M. incognita were investigated. Root exudates from each tomato rootstocks (HR, MR and T strains) suppressed M. incognita egg hatch and increased J2 mortality, with the highest rate being observed in the exudates from the HR plants. Exudate from HR variety also repelled M. incognita J2 while that of the susceptible plant, T, was demonstrated to be attractive. The relative amount of esters and phenol compounds in root exudates from HR and MR tomato rootstocks increased notably after inoculation. Four compounds, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate, dibutyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate increased significantly after inoculation. The egg hatch of M. incognita was suppressed by each of the compound. L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate showed the most notable effect in a concentration-dependent manner. All four compounds were associated with increased J2 mortality. The greatest effect was observed with dimethyl phthalate at 2 mmol·L^-1. Dibutyl phthalate was the only compound observed to repel M. incognita J2 with no effect being detected in the other compounds. Each of the four compounds were correlated with a reduction in disease index in the susceptible cultivar, T, and tomato seedlings irrigated with L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate at 2 mmol·L^-1 showed the best resistance to M. incognita. Taken together, this study provided a valuable contribution to understanding the underlying mechanism of nematode resistance in tomato cultivars.     

Continuous protein recovery from whey using liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed ion-exchange extraction

A liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) continuous ion-exchange extraction system has been investigated for total protein recovery from whey solutions under various operating conditions. The effectiveness of a dynamic seal was evaluated between the riser and the downcomer, and the best conditions for the establishment of this seal were established. Start-up studies indicated that the system is robust and stable. Under optimal conditions, a productivity of 8.2 g of total protein removed per hour per kilogram of resin was achieved with a protein removal efficiency of 78.4%. However, higher overall protein recovery of up to 90% was also achieved under other conditions, with lower protein concentration in the effluent and a lower overall productivity.