中国新纪录——隐刺多距石蛾属及一新种记述(毛翅目,多距石蛾科)

记述多距石蛾科中国1新纪录属,隐刺多距石蛾属Pahamunaya Schmid,1958,同时描述1新种,中华隐刺多距石蛾Pahamunaya sinensis sp.nov..模式标本保存在南京农业大学昆虫标本馆.中华隐刺多距石蛾,新种Pahamunaya sinensis sp.nov.(图1～5)本种与越南种Pahamunaya directmis Malicky,1995雄性外生殖器的主要区别特征如下：：新种第9节下附肢背部具长度约相等的2个分枝,前分枝棒槌状并多毛,后分枝扁叶状,亚长三角形,其外侧缘具2个耳状突起,内侧缘具1排细刚毛,基部的2根极为粗长;而后者下附肢背部的前分枝短小,末端三叉状,后分枝简单,腹面观呈弧状突,无粗刚毛.正模♂,广东省五华县(23°49′N,115°22′E;海拔431 m),七目嶂,大田镇东北9km,水坝上游600 m无名溪西支流,2004-05-30,周欣采.副模：1 ♂,广东省五华县(23.83°N,115.40°E;海拔426 m),七目嶂,大田镇东北9km,水坝上游300 m无名溪东支流,2004-05-30,杨莲芳、J.C.Morse采;1♀,广东省肇庆市(23.16°N,112.53°E;海拔132 m),鼎湖山保护区东沟,2004-05-24,杨莲芳、周欣采;1♂,广西上思县(21.89°N,107.91°E;海拔392m),十万大山保护区石头河二级支流,距保护区入口西南3.4km,2004-06-06,杨莲芳、C.J.Gerad采;l ♂,浙江天目山(30.4°N,119.5°E;海拔500 m),后山门,1998-07-03,吴鸿采;l♂,浙江临安天目山山门藻溪(30.32°N,119.44°E;海拔293m),2011-07-26,孙长海采.     

黄瓜27 kD LHC-Ⅱ复合物三维结构的电子晶体学初步研究

从黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)叶片中分离出只含有一种亚基(27 kD)的LHC-Ⅱ复合物.采用batch方法获得了其二维晶体,大小为0.7 μm×1.0μm,衍射能力达30 A.负染样品的二维投影结果表明,该晶体为p3对称性,晶胞参数为15.4 nm×15.4 nm,不同于以往报道的菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)或豌豆(Pisum satium L.)LHC-Ⅱ晶体,为另外一种晶型.采用tomography技术,收集了0°～-55°系列倾斜照片,进行三维重构.LHC-Ⅱ复合物是由6个单体组成的六元环,相邻2个单体分别从膜的两侧插膜,方向相反,在膜区靠疏水-疏水相互作用成二聚体,3个相同的二聚体相互连接成六元环.     

簇瘿蚊属分类学研究及一新种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

对簇瘿蚊属Acinacistyla Fedotova&Sidorenko的属征进行修订,编写该属世界分种检索表(雄性),并记述采自贵州、云南、江西和河南四省的该属1新种,命名为短瓣簇瘿蚊Acinacistyla brevilobata sp.Jiao et Bu,nov.,模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本馆.短瓣簇瘿蚊,新种Acinacistyla brevilobata Jiao et Bu,sp.nov.(图1～10)新种与分布于俄罗斯的柔毛簇瘿蚊Adnadstyla papposFedotova&Sidorenko在雄成虫外生殖节的抱器基节中基瓣及肛下板等特征相似,但区别明显:1)新种肛下板近端部两侧各着生1个约为肛下板长度l/3的端瓣,且该瓣不具关节状结构,而A.papposa肛下板近端部两侧各着生1个约与肛下板等长、在近基部1/3处具关节状结构的端瓣;2)新种抱器基节中基瓣的较长亚瓣卷曲并缠绕于阳茎;而A.p嘞posa抱器基节中基瓣的较长亚瓣长棍状直立、且并不卷曲缠绕.正模♂,贵州梵净山护国寺(27.5°N,108.4°E;海拔1 350 m),2002-05-28 ～ 29,王新谱马氏网捕.副模:1 ♂,贵州道真县大沙河仙女洞(29.32°N,107.40°E;海拔600m),2004-05-24,朱卫兵马氏网捕;1♂,云南腾冲整顶(25.01°N,98.30°E;海拔1 800m),2002-09-03 ～ 05,薛怀君马氏网捕;4♂♂,云南泸水姚家坪(25.59°N,98.49°E;海拔2 450 m),2002-09-16 ～18,薛怀君马氏网捕;2♂♂,江西井冈山小溪洞(26.28°N,114.14°E;海拔220m),2002-07-23～27,薛怀君马氏网捕;2♂♂,江西宜丰官山保护区东河站(27.07°N,114.09°E;海拔1 000m),2002-07-29 ～08-01,薛怀君马氏网捕;1♂,河南栾川龙峪湾鸡角尖(33.66°N,111.75°E;海拔1 600 m),1996-07-13,李军网捕.模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本馆.词源:种名brevi~bata为一阴性复合拉丁形容词,意为“短瓣的”,指该种肛下板近端部两侧各着生1个相对于柔毛簇瘿蚊A.apposa较短的瓣.     

中国根瘿蚊属新纪录及两新种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

对根瘿蚊属Rhizomyia Kieffer的属征进行修订,并记述采自云南、贵州、海南和福建的该属两新种,分别命名为细叉根瘿蚊Rhizomyia leptodicrata sp.nov.和新月根瘿蚊Rhizomyia meniscata sp.nov..模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫标本馆.细叉根瘿蚊,新种R阮脚驴h卸todicrata sp.nov.(图1～5,9～13)新种与分布于俄罗斯的俄根瘿蚊R.rossica Mamaev&Zaitzev和塔根瘿蚊兄turr~ormis Fedotova&Sidorenko以及分布中国的新月根瘿蚊Rhiwmyiz meniscata sp.nov.在雄性成虫阳茎上的特征相似,但区别明显:新种雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个细长的尖锐突起,而R.觚豇∞雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个圆突,R.turnformis雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个分叉状的突起,R.meniscata雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个角状尖突.正模♂,云南普洱(思茅)菜阳河保护区(22.48°N,100.58°E;海拔1500m),2002-05-17,卜文俊马氏网捕.副模:1♂,同正模;4♂ ♂,云南普洱(思茅)菜阳河保护区倮倮新寨山(22.48°N,100.58°E),2002-05-23,其它同正模.词源:新种种名leptodicrata为一阴性复合拉丁形容词,意为“细长分叉的”,指该种雄性成虫阳茎端部呈细长分叉状.新月根瘿蚊,新种R阮z埘秒谊meniscata sp.nov.(图6～8,14 ～18)新种与近似种区别如上.正模♂,贵州梵净山(27.5°N,108.4°E;海拔1 350 m),2002-05-29,王新谱马氏网捕.副模:1 ♂,海南坝王岭(19°N,109°E;海拔900 m),1988-05-10,卜文俊灯诱;1♂,福建武夷山桐木七里桥(27.7°N,117.6°E;海拔1000 m),1993-04-30,卜文俊捕.词源:新种种名meniscata为一阴性拉丁形容词,意为“新月形的”,指该种雄性成虫阳茎端部背腹向呈新月形.     

帕米尔高原可培养需氧冷适应细菌及古菌多样性

【目的】帕米尔高原是贫营养、高辐射、干燥的冷环境,可能蕴藏丰富的冷适应微生物资源。本研究基于分离培养技术,探究帕米尔高原不同海拔梯度及不同培养条件下的冷适应微生物多样性。【方法】针对采集自帕米尔高原1000-2000m、2000-3000m、3000-4000m和4 000-5 000 m四个海拔梯度的土壤样品,选用TSA和R2A两种培养基于4°C进行冷适应细菌的分离培养,NOM和F6两种培养基于4°C和15°C进行冷适应古菌的分离培养。根据16S rRNA基因序列同源性对分离菌株进行鉴定,分析不同海拔梯度和不同培养条件的物种多样性及之间的差异性。【结果】本研究从帕米尔高原共分离得到419株需氧原核微生物,16S rRNA基因测序鉴定结果表明,分离菌株隶属于2个域、5个门、8个纲、18个目、28个科、49个属及118个种,为115种冷适应细菌及3种古菌。冷适应细菌中,γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)为第一优势纲,放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)中物种多样性最为丰富。高海拔地区的冷适应细菌物种多样性存在差异,海拔1 000-4 000 m的优势菌群均为γ-变...     

甘肃白龙汀流域肉疣衣科地衣研究

1 INTRODUCTION Bailong River valley is situated in the south of Gansu Province and northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at longitudes of 101°40'-105°20' E and latitudes of 32°21'-35°50' N.The mean annual precipitation is 448.9-911.6ram and the mean annual temperature 4.7℃-12.7℃.The drainage area has an elevation from 550m to 4920m.The complex habitats give rise to a variety of forest communities and varied patterns of ecosystems.     

中国新纪录纵纹谷蛾属(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)记述

首次报道了纵纹谷蛾属Amorophaga Zagulajev,1968及日本纵纹谷蛾A.japonica Robinson,1986在中国的分布.首次描述了日本纵纹谷蛾雌性个体,简要讨论了该种抱器瓣及爪形突的变异,并提供了成虫及外生殖器图.日本纵纹谷蛾Amorophaga japonica Robinson,1986中国新纪录(图1～7)本种与A.cryptophori外形上相似,但可根据雌雄外生殖器特征进行区分:本种雄性外生殖器爪形突基部不特化,小叶末端具2或3枚小刺突,抱器瓣背缘具1粗指状小叶,不达抱器瓣末端,雌性外生殖器第8背板后缘不特化;而A.cryptophori雄性外生殖器爪形突基部特化形成l对形似颚形突的突起,小叶末端不具刺突,抱器瓣背缘具1宽叶,超过抱器瓣末端,雌性外生殖器第8背板后缘特化,形成三叶状结构.研究标本:1 ♂,江西上饶三清山(28°93′N,118°09′E;海拔389 rn),2012-05-15,李锦伟采,玻片号YLL12129;1 ♂,浙江清凉峰龙塘山(30°07′N,118°51′E;海拔500 m),2012-05-22,杨琳琳、张振国采,玻片号YLL12113m,YLL12113w;1 ♂,福建武夷山三港(27°45′N,117°41′E;海拔740 m),2004-05-19,于海丽采,玻片号MYH11006;1 ♂,1♀,广东连州大东山(24°46′N,112°41′E;海拔650m),2004-06-21,张丹丹采,玻片号XYL08043m,YLL11046f.分布:中国(浙江、福建、江西、广东);日本.     

夏、冬季南海北部浮游植物群落特征

对2009年7月19日—8月16日和2010年1月6—30日南海北部(18°—23.5°N、109°—120°E)两个航次的浮游植物样品应用Utermhl方法进行了分析鉴定。结果如下:夏季样品鉴定浮游植物4门72属150种,浮游植物细胞丰度范围为(0.16—6001.78)×103个/L,平均细胞丰度为26.49×103个/L,硅藻的平均细胞丰度为25.81×103个/L,主要优势种属有铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)及裸甲藻(Gymnodinium spp.)等;冬季样品鉴定浮游植物4门58属168种,浮游植物细胞丰度范围为(0.08—37.52)×103个/L,浮游植物平均细胞丰度为2.69×103个/L,硅藻的平均细胞丰度为2.49×103个/L,主要优势物种为菱形海线藻、伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)及短刺角毛藻(Chaetoceros messanensis)等;夏季调查区5m层浮游植物细胞丰度的平面分布由近岸到外海迅速减少,高值区主要在广东东部近岸及海南东部近岸;冬季则在珠江口近岸和海盆区出现较高值。两次调查中,浮游植物细胞丰度在浅水站位(200m)远高于深水站位(200m);较冬季相比,夏季浮游植物平均细胞丰度偏高,但物种丰富度却略偏低。夏、冬季浮游植物的香农-威纳多样性指数平均值分别为2.12和2.36,Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为0.79和0.81。两个航次调查中,浮游植物细胞丰度均与盐度表现出显著性负相关性;在冬季还与磷酸盐浓度表现出显著性负相关性。     

东海太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体的空间分布及其与环境因子的关系

依据1997-2000年在东海(26°00′-33°00′N、120°30′-128°00′E)进行的4个季节的底拖网调查资料,分析了该海区太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体的时空分布特征,同时结合广义相加模型(GAM),量化分析了各环境因子对于其种群成熟度指数(PMI)空间分布的影响机制。结果表明:太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体春、夏、秋、冬4个季节在东海均有分布;秋季PMI值最高,春季最低;4个季节太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体的分布范围均较广,主要集中在东海外海受台湾暖流和黑潮控制的水域。太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体的环境适应性存在明显的季节差异:其分布的底温范围为:春季14.70-18.30℃、夏季13.18-20.91℃、秋季13.96-24.67℃、冬季14.33-19.75℃。底盐范围为:春季29.52-34.63、夏季31.57-34.27、秋季32.26-34.72、冬季34.25-34.70。水深范围为:春季55-179m,夏季43-176m、秋季40-184m、冬季79-152m。综上所述,东海太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体的时空分布具有广范围、多季度的特点,这种分布特征可有效降低其幼体间的种间竞争,为确保其种群繁衍提供有利保障。     

春末三峡大坝首次蓄水期长江口浮游植物群集

根据2003年6月三峡大坝第1次蓄水期长江口及其邻近水域(28°-33°N,120°-125°E)34个测站采集的浮游植物水样,报道了该水域浮游植物群集特征.结果表明:调查区浮游植物以硅藻和甲藻为主,伴有少量的绿藻和金藻.浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.2～1504.2 cells·ml-1,平均为72.7 cells·ml-1,主要优势物种为骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)、具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)和锥状施克里普藻(ScrippsieUa trochoidea).调查区表层两个浮游植物密集区分别位于北部的冲淡水域和西南部近岸水域.浮游植物细胞丰度最大值出现在中层(10m层),最小值出现在底层.冲淡水域的优势物种是骨条藻,主要出现在表层;而在长江冲淡水与台湾暖流、黄海混合水交汇的水域,优势物种为具齿原甲藻,主要分布在表层和中层.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.