植物向光性反应的研究进展

本文对近年来有关植物向光性反应的研究结果作一综述:1)向光素和隐花色素是植物向光反应中的主要光受体,光敏色素在植物向光性反应中也起一定的作用;2)对植物的光辐照度-弯曲度曲线的分析,可知植物的正向光性运动有两种反应,即第一次正向光性弯曲和第二次正向光性弯曲;3)拟南芥(Arabidopsisthaliana)和水稻(Oryza sativa)等植物的根系具有负向光性的特性,根的负向光性倾斜生长角度为负向光性生长和向重性生长相互作用的矢量和;4)生长素的胞间运输依赖于生长素载体,生长素载体的不对称分布和动态运动是生长素极性运输和向性运动的分子基础.     

介绍拍摄几种植物运动的方法

介绍用显微摄影装置定格拍摄气孔开闭、颖花开闭、浆片膨大、花粉萌发,用扫描仪录入稻穗开花以及用相机拍摄稻根负向光性生长等植物运动的技术和方法,并展示所摄植物运动的照片。     

Negative phototropism of rice root and its influencing factors

Some characteristics of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) root were found in the experiment of unilaterally irradiating the roots which were planted in water: (i) All the seminal roots, adventitious roots and their branched roots bent away from light, and their curvatures ranged from 25℃ to 60℃. The curvature of adventitious root of the higher node was often larger than that of the lower node, and even larger than that of the seminal root. (ii) The negative phototropic bending of the rice root was mainly due to the larger growth increment of root-tip cells of the irradiated side compared with that of the shaded side, (iii) Root cap was the site of light perception. If root cap was shaded while the root was irradiated the root showed no negative phototropism, and the root lost the characteristic of negative phototropism when root cap was divested. Rice root could resume the characteristic of negative phototropism when the new root cap grew up, if the original cells of root cap were well protected while root ca     

Negative phototropism of rice root and its influencing factors

Some characteristics of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) root were found in the experiment of unilaterally irradiating the roots which were planted in water: (i) All the seminal roots, adventitious roots and their branched roots bent away from light, and their curvatures ranged from 25° to 60°. The curvature of adventitious root of the higher node was often larger than that of the lower node, and even larger than that of the seminal root, (ii) The negative phototropic bending of the rice root was mainly due to the larger growth increment of root-tip cells of the irradiated side compared with that of the shaded side, (iii) Root cap was the site of light perception. If root cap was shaded while the root was irradiated the root showed no negative phototropism, and the root lost the characteristic of negative phototropism when root cap was divested. Rice root could resume the characteristic of negative phototropism when the new root cap grew up, if the original cells of root cap were well protected while root cap was divested, (iv) The growth increment and curvature of rice root were both influenced by light intensity. Within the range of 0–100 μmol · m² -s⁻¹, the increasing of light intensity resulted in the decreasing of the growth increment and the increasing of the curvature of rice root, (v) The growth increment and the curvature reached the maximum at 30°C with the temperature treatment of 10–40°C. (vi) Blue-violet light could prominently induce the negative phototropism of rice root, while red light had no such effect. (vii) The auxin (IAA) in the solution, as a very prominent influencing factor, inhibited the growth, the negative phototropism and the gravitropism of rice root when the concentration of IAA increased. The response of negative phototropism of rice root disappeared when the concentration of IAA was above 10 mg · L⁻¹     

植物向光素

向光素是继光敏色素、隐花色素之后发现的一种蓝光受体,分子量120 kD,能够结合黄素单核苷酸(FMN)进行自动磷酸化作用,它介导植物向光性运动、叶绿体移动与气孔开放等反应,在蓝光信号传导反应中它启动生长素载体的运动和诱导Ca2 的流动,从而调节植物细胞相关的反应.文章就这一领域的研究作介绍.     

水稻根的负向光性及其影响因素

用水培法观察水稻根的生长, 发现: (ⅰ) 水稻的种子根和不定根, 以及由这些根上长出的分枝根都有负向光倾斜生长的习性. 稻根的负向光倾斜度一般在25° ~ 60°之间, 通常高节位不定根的负向光倾斜度大于低节位不定根的, 更大于种子根的. (ⅱ) 稻根的负向光倾斜生长是由于根尖受光侧细胞的生长量大于背光侧细胞的生长量所致. (ⅲ) 感受光的部位是根冠. 对根冠遮光而给根其他部分照光时根的生长不表现出负向光性; 剥除根冠而保留根尖分生区和伸长区时根会失去负向光性; 剥除根冠而保留根冠原始细胞时稻根在新根冠长出时会恢复背光生长的习性. (ⅳ) 稻根的生长量和负向光倾斜度受光强影响, 在0~100 mmol/(m²·s)的范围内, 根的生长量随光强的提高而减少, 根负向光性角度随光强的提高而增大. (ⅴ) 在10℃ ~ 40℃的温度处理中, 30℃时稻根生长量和负向光性角度最大. (ⅵ) 蓝紫光能显著诱导稻根的负向光性反应, 而红光则无效. (ⅶ) 水培液中的生长素浓度对稻根的生长和向性反应有显著影响. 在0~100 mg/L浓度范围中, 随着生长素浓度的提高对根的伸长生长、负向光性和向重性反应的抑制程度加剧, 当生长素浓度≥10 mg/L时稻根的负向光性反应消失.     

植物向光性反应的研究进展

本文对近年来有关植物向光性反应的研究结果作一综述：1) 向光素和隐花色素是植物向光反应中的主要光受体,光敏色素在植物向光性反应中也起一定的作用; 2) 对植物的光辐照度-弯曲度曲线的分析,可知植物的正向光性运动有两种反应,即第一次正向光性弯曲和第二次正向光性弯曲; 3) 拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和水稻(Oryza sativa)等植物的根系具有负向光性的特性,根的负向光性倾斜生长角度为负向光性生长和向重性生长相互作用的矢量和; 4) 生长素的胞间运输依赖于生长素载体,生长素载体的不对称分布和动态运动是生长素极性运输和向性运动的分子基础。