猪卵巢体外保存温度对卵母细胞染色质构型和成熟能力的影响

Most porcine oocytes used in studies on embryo biotechnology and the in vitro production of embryos are currently obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered gilts. The duration and temperature during ovary transportation and handling might, therefore, affect the recovery of culturable COCs, chromatin configuration and developmental competence of oocytes. The effects of ovary storage temperature on chromatin configuration and in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes were examined in this study. Ovaries collected from a slaughterhouse were stored in vitro for 8 h under different temperatures. The results showed that more culturable COCs were isolated from the ovares stored at 39℃ than that from ovaries stored at 31℃ or 20℃ and before storage. Thirty-one centidegree was the best storage temperature in terms of cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation and morphology of the first polar body after in vitro maturation culture. The ability of cumulus expansion was completely lost in COCs derived from ovaries stored at 39℃ for 8 hours. Ovary storage （at both 31℃ and at 20℃ ） increased the proportion of oocytes with the GVc configuration in which chromatin condensed into a single big clump at the nucleolus and the functional significance of this configuration needs further investigations [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 51 （5）： 919 923, 2005].     

猪原始生殖细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

Embryonic germ cells (EG cells) are pluripotential undifferentiated stem cells isolated from cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs). Like ES cells, EG cells are of importance for gene targeting, therapeutical cloning and organ trans-plantation. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize EG cells from porcine PGCs. The genital ridges from 24- 26 days old porcine embryos were treated in 0.02% EDTA for 20 min and pricked with a needle to release PGCs. The isolated PGCs were cultured on a SNL feeder layer in an EG cell medium. The EG cell medium consisted of Dulbecco‘‘s modified Eagle‘‘ s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20 % Buffalo rat lever (BRL) cell-conditioned medium, 15 % fe-tal bovine serum, 1 mmol L-glutamine, 0.1 mol nonessential amino acids, 10 μmol β-mercaptoethanol and antibiotics.The freshly isolated PGCs were positive for alkaline phosphatase activity and Periodic acid-Schiff‘‘ s staining. Under this culture regime, PGCs could be maintained in an undifferentiated state and used for further cultures. One strain of the cul-tured PGCs was cultured 8 times, and alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the colony formed from this strain.These cultured PGCs could spontaneously differentiate into fibroblast-like cells. These data suggested that we had success-fully isolated EG-like cells from oorcine PGCs.     

前培养对猪卵母细胞生发泡染色质构型和体外成熟的影响

在体外成熟培养时使卵母细胞过早接触高浓度激素可能影响体外成熟卵母细胞的质量。本实验研究了推迟卵母细胞与激素接触时间对卵母细胞GV染色质构型、卵母细胞核成熟质量及极体形态的影响。结果表明：猪体外成熟卵母细胞的极体形态不同,分为完整、退化、碎裂和无极体四种。在不含激素培养液中前培养12h,A类卵母细胞的GV-1比例(48．2％)明显高于在含激素培养液中前培养12h卵母细胞(27．1％);而前者的GV-3比例(19．6％)却明显低于后者(50．8％);前者成熟卵母细胞的极体完整率(59．6％)也明显高于后者(27．5％)。这说明推迟卵母细胞与激素接触时间可能提高体外成熟卵母细胞的质量和发育同步水平。     

发情周期不同时期猪卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的观察

为探讨猪发情周期不同时期卵泡发育和闭锁的规律及机理,本实验通过TUNEL原位标记,H,E．染色以及放射免疫测定等手段研究了猪发情周期不同阶段卵巢表面各类卵泡数量的变化。各类卵泡中颗粒细胞的凋亡比例,闭锁卵泡的形态变化以及发情周期各阶段血清孕酮及雌二醇水平的变化等问题。卵泡的总数在发情间期最多,为26．8个／卵巢,发情期最少,为7．4个／卵巢。小放泡的数量在发情间期最多。为15个／卵巢,在发性期数量最少,为5．7个／卵巢。中等卵泡数量在发情间蜞多,为8．5个／卵巢,在发情后期卵巢中无中等卵泡。大卵泡的数量在发情前期最多,为7．4个／卵巢,在发情后期最少,为0个。小卵泡的颗粒细胞凋亡比例（各时期平均21．03％）显著高于大卵泡,在发情后期显著降低。中等卵泡的颗粒细胞凋亡比例（平均16．6％）在发情前期显著低于其它各期。大卵泡的颗粒细胞凋亡比例（平均11．2％）在发情周期各阶段无显著差异,均显著低于中等卵泡和小卵泡。