制备小鼠染色体新法——利用腹腔引流细胞制备染色体

利用外周血淋巴细胞体外培养法制备染色体,已被广泛应用于各类动物。在小鼠也有成功的报道,但在实际应用中还极不稳定,用同样的材料和条件,分裂相也会     

大白鼠年龄变化的形态学观察

年龄变化是生物学领域中的一个重大问题,它广泛地引起人们的关心和注意。年龄的形态学指标则是防治衰老,寻找衰老机制不可缺少的环节,以往在国内外也曾做过相当的工作,但终由于取材不一,实验条件有所差异,对于全面概括衰老过程,总结年龄变化规律存在一定困难,而且既有资料比较零星,为此我们决定以大白鼠作为实验对象,分别在内分泌腺——甲状腺、     

猕猴神经细胞内脂褐素的研究

神经系统的年龄变化,引起了许多学者的注意。在生命发展过程中,神经细胞最显著的变化之一是“消耗色素”的聚集。这种色素一般被认为是脂褐素。曾经有些学者提出其中还有一部分是黑色素,出现于老年人的植物性神经节(Kuntz,1938;Treux,1940)及脊神经节细胞中(Gardner,1940;Wolf与Pappenheimer,1945;Clara,1954)。但后来Sulkin(1953)的工作却否定在人体交感神经节里有黑色素的存在。许多作者曾指出脂     

6—DMAP和胚胎干细胞代数对异种重构卵体外发育的影响（简报）

The development of reconstructed oocytes and the survival rate of cloned animal were affected by many factors during nuclear transfer. The genetic constitution and the genetic state of donor nucleus were proposed to be primary factors, which affected the survival rate of cloned animal. In addition, the survival rate of cloned animal might be influenced by nuclear transfer technique itself and passages of donor cells as well as the activation methods of oocytes. We reconstructed oocytes with outbreeding Kunming albino mouse ES cells and enucleated rabbit oocytes, and analyzed the effects of the passages of ES cells and 6-DMAP on the development of interspecific reconstructed oocytes. The interspecific reconstructed ES-rabbit oocytes were activated either by combined two set electric pulses and 6-DMAP or by two set electric pulses alone. The rate of cleavage was significantly higher for the group (86.2%) treated with 6-DMAP than the group (64.2%, P < 0.05) treated with electric pulses only, and the rate of blastocysts was 17.0% and 13.4% respectively, which were not significantly different between two groups. When ES cells that had been passed for 24 and 14 generations were used as donors, the cleavage rates of the reconstructed oocytes were 88.5% and 82.1%, respectively (P > 0.05), and the rates of blastolation were 16.7% and 15.4%, respectively (P > 0.05). The results show that 6-DMAP increases the cleavage rate of reconstructed oocytes derived from ES cells, and affects slightly the developmental rate of blastocysts. There are no differences when high passage and low passage ES cells are used as nuclear donors.     

家兔胚泡ICM在体外培养系统中的行为

一、用显微外科方法从兔早期胚泡分离来的ＩＣＭ在所用的体外培养系统中的行为,因ＩＣＭ的生长状态而不同。呈带状生长的ＩＣＭ从近端向远处延伸,而细胞的分化则从远端逐渐向近端进行,它具有明显的极性。细胞的分化秩序井然,层次分明。因此呈状生长的ＩＣＭ适艇于进行细胞分化和细胞谱系的研究。二、呈团块状生长的ＩＣＭ,没有明显的极性,细胞分化开始于团块的外表面,逐渐向中央进行,分化开始稍晚一些,速度也较慢,这种生长     

仙苔病毒诱导细胞融合效力的研究

用瓦克(Walker)256-大白鼠未分化腺癌细胞和鸡红血球二种细胞来研究仙苔病毒诱导细胞融合的效力、与鸡胚尿囊液,病毒的血凝单位(HAU),病毒的不同稀释度、病毒在鸡胚中繁殖的时间,分布于不同密度梯度离心带的病毒颗粒,及病毒毒种的关系;并比较了不同细胞系统对仙苔病毒融合效力的影响,提出了融合因子存在于病毒颗粒本身,而不似存在于尿囊液中。文中从细胞融合这一角度,认为同一病毒毒种繁殖出来的子代是不同质的,有高融合效力的和低融合效力的病毒颗粒。HAu不能反映各种不同融合效力病毒颗粒的含量,因而其与融合效力不直接相关。病毒在鸡胚中繁殖的时间及毒种的质量,影响病毒子代的融合效力。病毒的不同稀释度和不同细胞系统影响病毒的融合效力,但这种影响不是绝对的,而是相对。     

Developmental Fate of Artificially Disordered Somite Cells after Heteroplastic Transplantation

A disordered somite pattern could be produced artificially when the segmental lateral plate of chickembryo was replaced by dissociated cells of quail segmental pate.The artificially disordered somitepattern formed at either place was used in our work as a model to analyze the mechanism of thedevelopment and differentiation of somite on chick embryo.Our conclusions include the following:1.Although the formation of somites from the dissociated segmental plate cells does not requirespecial environment,the development and differentiation of the somltes require a special environmentwhich is related to the neural tube and notochord.The effect of this special environmental factor maydecrease gradually with the increase of the distance from neural tube to lateral plate.2.The somites located on paraxial area at different distances to the axis have different fates indevelopment.3.The formation of epithelial vesicles is the property of somite cells and the epithelial vesicle is thestructural basis of somite differentiation.If and factor interferes with the differentiation of thesomite,the epithelial vesicle of the somite will be degenerated within certain period of time.4.During resegmentation of the somite,the number,size and arrangement of sclerotome in situ donot depend on the somite from which they are derived.5.Somite cells do not transdifferentiate into kidney tubule directly from their original epithelialvesicles,but are reorganized from the free cells dispersed from the disrupted somites.6.The establishment of cell commitment may involve several steps.Before commitment isestablished the of cell commitment is labile.7.The differentiation of sclerotome starts with the rupture of epithelial wall of somites and thedirection of its movement depends not only on the notochord but also on their position with respectto the neural tube and notochord.8.The disordered somite pattern doesn't influence the segmentation of dorsal root ganglia in situ,but causes the formation of the ectopic dorsal root ganglia.Key Words:Somite differentiation;Artificial disordered somite pattern;Chimeral somite;Resegmentation of sclerotome;Distribution of dorsal root ganglia     

家兔胚泡ICM在体外培养系统中的行为

一、用显微外科方法从兔早期胚泡分离来的ICM在所用的体外培养系统中的行为,因ICM的生长状态而不同。呈带状生长的ICM从近端向远处延伸,而细胞的分化则从远端逐渐向近端进行,它具有明显的极性。细胞的分化秩序井然,层次分明。因此呈带状生长的ICM适用于进行细胞分化和细胞谱系的研究。二、呈团块状生长的ICM,没有明显的极性,细胞分化开始于团块的外表面,逐渐向中央进行。细胞分化开始稍晚一些,速度也较慢,这种生长状态的ICM适用于分离胚胎干细胞。三、兔子胚外内胚层从ICM分化来,它经历了二次分化的过程。第一次发生于培养后第三天(相当于交配后第七天),形成第一胚外内胚层-胚外体壁内胚层,它向远处迁移,远离原始外胚层。培养后四天(相当于交配后第八天),形成第二种胚外内胚层-胚外脏壁内胚层,它尾随体壁内胚层向远处迁移,其后缘的部分细胞向原始外胚层附近的滋胚层下面侵润。四、胚外体壁内胚层和脏壁内胚层的细胞是由少数决定了的和离开ICM的细胞分化和增殖而来。五、文中讨论了早期胚胎细胞分化的谱系问题。     

家兔囊胚在饲养层上的生长行为

研究了家兔囊胚在饲养层上的生长行为。结果表明,滋养层细胞铺展后,形成一层透明的膜状结构。覆盖在内细胞团之上。内细胞团在４８小时后,可见到一定程度的增殖,第３天增殖速度加快。生长的内细胞团可呈团状、条状、网状和混合型四种形态。混合型内细胞团分化出现较早,呈团状、条状和网状生长的内细胞团分化较晚。团状内细胞团一般在原位生长,而呈条状和网状生长的内细胞团增殖很快并迅速扩展到各处。滋养层细胞覆盖于未分化的