小鼠发情周期卵泡发育动态及其对超数排卵的影响

该文探讨了小鼠发情周期中阴门状态、阴道脱落细胞类型变化规律、卵泡发育规律及其相互关系,并比较了发情周期不同阶段的超排效果。结果表明,采用阴门状态观察法和阴道脱落细胞涂片法,能有效判断小鼠发情周期阶段。卵巢组织切片观察结果表明,在发情周期不同阶段,小鼠的卵泡发育和黄体的生成与消退存在明显的规律性变化;小鼠发情周期中,其阴门状态、阴道脱落细胞种类及卵泡发育动态之间存在相关关系;发情周期不同阶段开始超排的小鼠,其配种见栓率和回收胚胎平均数均存在明显差异,发情前期显著优于发情后期与间情期(P<0.05),并高于发情期,但差异不显著(P>0.05),即阴门状态观察法与阴道脱落细胞涂片法均可用于小鼠发情周期阶段的判断,发情前期为最适宜的小鼠超排时期。     

卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡相关蛋白的研究进展

哺乳动物的卵巢中存在大量卵泡。大多数卵泡在发育过程中发生闭锁而消失,只有少数可以发育到成熟而排卵。卵泡是由卵母细胞与其周围的颗粒细胞构成的。卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡是卵泡闭锁的主要原因。颗粒细胞凋亡相关蛋白通过参与凋亡通路及凋亡信号转导调节凋亡。本文就哺乳动物卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡相关蛋白的研究进展进行综述。     

猪分离卵泡体外培养过程中Fas/FasL对颗粒细胞凋亡的作用

从猪卵巢分离完整有腔卵泡,按质量分为3类：健康卵泡、早期闭锁卵泡和晚期闭锁卵泡。猪分离卵泡经眼观检查后再行石蜡切片和HE染色,形态学研究表明,眼观检查对于健康卵泡的判定准确率为92％。取健康卵泡按直径大小分为3组：直径＞5 mm大卵泡组、3～5 mm中卵泡组和≤3 mm小卵泡组。卵泡培养8、16和24 h,以Annexin-V FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测壁层颗粒细胞凋亡情况,结果发现培养卵泡颗粒细胞的总凋亡率（早期凋亡＋晚期凋亡）在8 h时就已达到70%以上,至24 h则为81.1%～94.6%。收集无血清培养0、8、16、24、48和72 h的卵泡颗粒细胞,用real time PCR SYBRgreen法检测各组卵泡颗粒细胞FasL和Fas mRNA相对表达量。各级卵泡颗粒细胞中FasL mRNA水平随培养时间显著增加,培养至24 h达最大值（P＜0.05）;小卵泡颗粒细胞FasL mRNA水平均高于大、中卵泡组。各级卵泡颗粒细胞Fas mRNA相对表达量在培养前（0 h）差异不显著,8 h时显著增加,48 h达最大值。该实验表明,所用无血清卵泡培养体系可有效诱导卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡,细胞凋亡是卵泡闭锁的主要诱因,但卵泡闭锁程度可因卵泡大小而异,小卵泡似乎更容易发生闭锁。     

细胞程序性死亡在卵泡闭锁中的作用及机制

卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡和自噬在动物卵巢卵泡闭锁过程中发挥重要的调控作用。新近研究表明,铁死亡和焦亡也参与卵巢卵泡闭锁过程。铁死亡是一种铁依赖性脂质过氧化和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)积累引起的细胞死亡形式。研究证实,自噬和凋亡介导的卵泡闭锁过程中也有典型的铁死亡特征。细胞焦亡是依赖于Gasdermin蛋白的促炎性细胞死亡,可通过调节卵泡颗粒细胞调控卵巢繁殖性能。本文综述了几种细胞程序性死亡独立或相互作用参与调控卵泡闭锁的作用及机制,以期扩展卵泡闭锁机制的理论研究,为细胞程序性细胞死亡诱导卵泡闭锁的作用机制提供理论参考。     

Annexin I在PCOS大鼠颗粒细胞中的表达及意义

目的：探讨膜联蛋白I（AnnexinI）在多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）大鼠卵泡颗粒细胞的表达及生物学意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法及灰度值测定AnnexinI在PCOS组和对照组的卵泡颗粒细胞中的表达。结果：AnnexinI在两组中的各级卵泡颗粒细胞中均有表达,PCOS组AnnexinI在窦状卵泡中表达显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：PCOS组AnnexinI在窦状卵泡颗粒细胞的表达上调,且PCOS中窦状卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡增加,说明AnnexinI参与了卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡过程,并且发挥了重要作用。     

AnnexinⅠ在PCOS 大鼠颗粒细胞中的表达及意义

目的:探讨膜联蛋白Ⅰ(AnnexinⅠ)在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠卵泡颗粒细胞的表达及生物学意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法及灰度值测定AnnexinⅠ在PCOS组和对照组的卵泡颗粒细胞中的表达。结果:AnnexinⅠ在两组中的各级卵泡颗粒细胞中均有表达,PCOS组AnnexinⅠ在窦状卵泡中表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:PCOS组AnnexinⅠ在窦状卵泡颗粒细胞的表达上调,且PCOS中窦状卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡增加,说明AnnexinⅠ参与了卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡过程,并且发挥了重要作用。     

闭锁卵泡中肾素—血管紧张素质系统的变化

目的：探讨卵巢局部的肾素－血管紧张素系统（RAS）在卵泡闭锁中的作用。方法：应用卵巢细胞双室培养,放射免疫测定（RIA）及免疫组化方法研究猪卵巢的健康卵泡和闭锁卵泡的颗粒细胞和卵泡内膜细胞与RAS的关系;观察了血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ)拮抗剂Saralasin及血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂Captopril的作用。结果（1）与健康卵泡相比较,闭锁卵泡的卵泡液及卵泡内膜细胞培养液中的AngⅡ浓度明显升高,肾素浓度则明显降低;而颗粒细胞培养液中的AngⅡ和肾素浓度均无明显改变;（2）闭锁卵泡切片的AngⅡ,2型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（AT2）染色明显强于健康卵泡;AngⅡ和AT2水平在双室培养的闭锁卵泡的卵泡内膜细胞中明显强于健康卵泡的卵泡内膜细胞;健康和闭锁卵泡的颗粒细胞中的AngⅡ,AT2水平变化不大;（3）双室培养中加入Saralasin或Captopril培养48h后,（a)与健康卵泡相比,闭锁卵泡的卵泡内膜细胞培养液中的AngⅡ浓度显降低,肾素浓度明显升高;（b)健康和闭锁卵泡的卵泡内膜细胞AngⅡ和AT2免疫组化染色均呈现下降,（c)RIA结果显示,健康和闭锁卵泡的颗粒细胞培养液中的AngⅡ和肾素浓度无明显变化;免疫组化结果显示,颗粒细胞的AngⅡ,AT2水平亦无显改变。结论：卵泡闭锁与卵巢RAS密切相关,AngⅡ和AT2是卵泡闭锁的重要相关因子;卵泡闭锁过程中卵巢局部的RAS变化主要发生在卵泡内膜细胞;Saralasin和Captopril可能通过调节卵巢RAS而具有抑制卵泡闭锁的作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ在小鼠卵泡闭锁中的作用

应用幼年小鼠经孕马血清促性腺激素（pregnant mares serum gonadotropin,PMSG)处理的动物模型,研究了卵泡从发育到闭锁动态变化过程中血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）的作用。结果表明：（1）24日龄小鼠给予PMSG（10IU/只）后6d时,卵巢中出现大量闭锁卵泡,颗粒细胞DNA琼脂糖电泳显示了梯形条带;（2）随卵泡闭锁发生,卵巢AngⅡ含量增加;（3）AngⅡ显著拮抗FSH刺激颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的作用。我们认为,AngⅡ参与了对小鼠卵泡闭锁的调节。     

四眼斑水龟卵泡和卵的超声波扫描研究

使用超声波技术检测了6只雌性四眼斑水龟的卵黄卵泡(包括生长卵泡和排卵前卵泡)、闭锁卵泡和输卵管卵的大小和数量.结果 表明:四眼斑水龟卵巢卵黄卵泡数目和大小呈明显的周期性变化,检测到的卵黄卵泡长径范围为4～24 mm(n=186).8月份卵泡数目开始增多,卵泡长径逐渐增大,至12月份排卵前期卵泡数量达最大值,卵巢发育成熟.排卵前期卵泡长径范围为19～24 mm(n=56),最大排卵前期卵泡出现于12月.排卵时间是1月至3月.闭锁卵泡长径范围在10～20 mm(n=14)之间,仅在10月至次年3月能检测到少数的闭锁卵泡.     

甾体激素合成快速调节蛋白mRNA在卵泡发育和闭锁过程的表达

以孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ）激发的ＳＤ大鼠卵巢为模型,用３′－末端原位标记和形态健康卵泡和闭锁卵泡,用原侠杂交方法研究了在卵泡发育和闭锁过程中甾体激素合成快速调节蛋白（ＳｔＡＲ）ｍＲＮＡ的表达规律。发现ＳｔＡＲｍＲＮＡ在膜－间质细胞和黄体化颗粒细胞中表达,未黄体化颗粒细胞和卵母细胞均无表达。ＰＭＳＧ注射后１２小时卵巢内已有ＳｔＡＲｍＲＮＡ的表达,２４小时表达量升高,７２小时表达量达高峰。ＰＭＳ     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.