天麻栽培用蜜环菌的遗传多样性、生长和水解酶

蜜环菌Armillaria是一种广泛分布的担子菌,是栽培中药天麻所必须的共生菌。为揭示我国天麻栽培用和鄂西地区部分野生蜜环菌资源的遗传多样性和生物学特性,本文收集了9个省市EF-1-α的19个蜜环菌商品菌株和鄂西地区20株野生蜜环菌菌株,以IGS、ITS和elongation factor-1-alpha（EF-1-α）为分子标记对这些菌株进行系统发育与遗传多样性分析,并对影响与天麻共生的生物学特性（菌索发育和胞外水解酶活性）进行对比研究。结果表明,这19株蜜环菌商品菌株分别归属于2个clade。其中,有18个菌株聚在cladeⅢ,说明不同来源的蜜环菌商品菌株之间系统发育关系很近;通过对蜜环菌的系统发育、菌索生长以及胞外水解酶活性的研究,总体上商品种优于鄂西的野生蜜环菌生物种。从鄂西野生蜜环菌中筛选出4个具有潜在栽培价值的菌株。本研究为天麻栽培生产中蜜环菌菌种的选择提供参考。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transient MaFT expression in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves

To optimize Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation assay in mulberry (Morus alba L.), various infiltration methods, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens) strains, and bacterial concentrations were tested in mulberry seedlings. Compared with LBA4404, GV3101 harboring pBE2133 plasmids presented stronger GUS signals at 3 days post infiltration using syringe. Recombinant plasmids pBE2133:GFP and pBE2133:GFP:MaFT were successfully constructed. Transient expression of MaFT:GFP protein was found in leaves, petiole (cross section), and shoot apical meristem (SAM) of mulberry according to the GFP signal. Moreover, MaFT:GFP mRNA was also detected in leaves and SAM via RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. An efficient transient transformation system could be achieved in mulberry seedlings by syringe using A. tumefaciens GV3101 at the OD₆₀₀ of 0.5. The movement of MaFT expression from leaves to SAM might trigger the precocious flowering of mulberry.     

Long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 facilitates glioma cell sensitivity to cisplatin by suppressing excessive autophagy in an mTOR-dependent manner

Malignant glioma is a severe type of brain tumor with a grim prognosis. The occurrence of resistance compromises the efficacy of chemotherapy for glioma. Long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has recently become an attractive target for cancer therapy by regulating cell growth, invasion, and migration. Nevertheless, its role in glioma chemoresistance remains elusive. In the current study, the expression of GAS5 was decreased in glioma cell lines, and lower levels of GAS5 were observed in U138 and LN18 glioma cells that had low sensitivity to cisplatin. Functional assay confirmed that knockdown of GAS5 enhanced cell resistance to cisplatin in U87 cells, which had a relatively high expression of GAS5. Conversely, elevation of GAS5 increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin in U138 cells that had a relatively low expression of GAS5. Mechanistically, cisplatin exposure evoked excessive autophagy concomitant with an increase in autophagy-related LC3II expression and a decrease in autophagy substrate p62 expression, which was reversely muted after GAS5 overexpression. In addition, GAS5 restored cisplatin-inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Preconditioning with mTOR antagonist rapamycin engendered not only mTOR inhibition but also abrogated GAS5-mediated depression in cisplatin-evoked autophagy. Notably, blocking the mTOR pathway also attenuated GAS5-increased sensitivity to cisplatin in U138 cells. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that GAS5 may blunt the resistance of glioma cells to cisplatin by suppressing excessive autophagy through the activation of mTOR signaling, implying a promising therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in glioma.     

厌氧氨氧化在污水处理中的研究进展

厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)是指厌氧氨氧化细菌在厌氧条件下以亚硝酸盐为电子受体将氨氮氧化为氮气的过程。由于在节能降耗和环境友好上的独特优点,基于厌氧氨氧化原理的脱氮技术被公认是目前最具应用前景的生物脱氮技术,因此自发现以来一直是国内外研究的热点。综述近年有关厌氧氨氧化细菌、厌氧氨氧化机理、反应的影响因素及其在污水处理应用方面的研究进展,并展望厌氧氨氧化在污水处理领域的发展方向。     

去胡须对大鼠行为及桶状皮层的影响

目的:研究外周去胡须后大鼠行为及桶状皮层(barrel cortex,BC)的可塑性变化。方法:SD大鼠随机分组(n=4):正常对照(A组),出生后第2天去除双侧颊脂垫组(B组),出生后第2天去除右侧颊脂垫组(C组),出生后1～5d每天剪右侧胡须,从出生后第5天起不剪由其胡须自由生长组(D组)。出生后第30天时称体重,测量左侧D2胡须长度,观测行为学变化(如狭缝实验、自由探索行为和趋壁行为)。采用细胞色素氧化酶组织化学法研究barrel排列与发育情况。结果:A组能迅速辨别出正确狭缝并钻入,平均用时(5.6±2.3)s;B组大鼠只有当鼻尖碰到狭缝壁时才会钻入狭缝。C组大鼠当其右侧脸颊靠近狭缝时,不能辨别出狭缝,只有当其掉转身体,用左侧胡须探测时才可能迅速钻入正确的狭缝。D组的表现同C组,B、C、D组大鼠进入正确狭缝的所用时间均显著长于A组(P0.01,P0.05,P0.01)。去除双侧颊脂垫的大鼠其左趋壁时间、右趋壁时间以及总趋壁时间均较正常大鼠短。去除右侧颊脂垫组的大鼠右趋壁时间也显著短于正常(P0.05)。四组大鼠左侧D2胡须长度以及体重均无显著差异。从出生后第2天时一直剪除右侧胡须的小鼠在出生后第30天时发现其barrel变小,排列较混乱,barrel之间的界限不清,皮层细胞色素氧化酶(CO)反应的灰度明显变淡。结论:外周去传入不引起大鼠体重改变及残留胡须长度的代偿性改变,但可引起其趋触及探索行为方面的改变。外周去传入可导致barrel形状及排列的可塑性变化。     

酒色着色菌利用产酸克雷伯氏菌发酵废液产氢

研究了酒色着色菌(Chromatium vinosum DSM185)利用产酸克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella oxytoca HP1）发酵产氢废液进行光发酵和暗发酵产氢的可行性,以达到对产氢底物的充分利用和对产氢废液的进一步处理。研究结果表明C.vinosum可以利用K.oxytoca的发酵废液进行光发酵产氢和暗发酵产氢。C.vinosum发酵产氢后废液中残余还原糖和主要有机酸（丁酸）的含量明显降低,发酵产氢的最佳pH为6.5,添加0.1%(W/W)NH₄Cl能促进产氢。在光照条件下丁酸利用率可达54.38%,产氢量达36.97 mL/mg;在黑暗条件下丁酸利用率可达36.01%,产氢量达37.50mL/mg。     

栎金钱菌活性提取物抗衰老研究

用栎金钱菌活性提取物灌胃衰老模型小鼠,观察其对小鼠血清SOD活性、肝组织MDA和脂褐素的含量、脾指数、胸腺指数和肾指数的影响。结果表明,栎金钱菌活性提取物能使雄性小鼠血清SOD活性提高40.16%,肝MDA含量减少47.12%,肝脂褐素含量减少89.48%,脾指数增加35.13%,胸腺指数增加48.92%,肾指数增加11.26%,表明栎金钱菌活性提取物具有良好的抗衰老作用。栎金钱菌活性提取物800mg/kg·d的剂量具有最好的抗衰老效果,且具有性别的差异,对雄性小鼠的抗衰老作用略优于对雌性小鼠的。     

产氢菌Enterobacter sp.和Clostridium sp.的分离鉴定及产氢特性

在高温水体中分离得到2株具有较高产氢活性的微生物菌株Z-16和C-32。根据两菌株的16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株Z-16为Enterobactersp.,菌株C-32为Clostridiumsp.。研究了起始pH值、反应温度、碳源等对菌株放氢活性的影响。菌株Z-16的最适产氢条件为:反应系统起始pH7·0,反应温度35℃,以蔗糖为产氢底物。在最适条件下,菌株Z-16的氢转化率为2·68molH2/mol蔗糖。菌株C-32的最适产氢条件为:反应系统起始pH8·0,反应温度35℃,以麦芽糖为产氢底物。在最适条件下,菌株C-32的氢转化率为2·71molH2/mol麦芽糖。以葡萄糖为碳源时,菌株Z-16和菌株C-32的氢转化率分别为2·35和2·48molH2/mol葡萄糖。     

Gypsophin: a novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitory cyclic peptide from the roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana

An unusual new cyclic peptide with a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione unit, gypsophin (1), was isolated from Gypsophila oldhamiana. Its structure was elucidated by the spectroscopic evidences. The stereochemistry was determined by application of the Marfey's method and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with IC50 of 305 microM.