甲基苄基亚硝胺对与人、大鼠和鸡肝脏或食管上皮细胞混合培养的V_(79)细胞的致突变作用

用人,雄性Wistar大鼠和雄性莱亨鸡的肝细胞,或食管上皮细胞与V_(79)细胞混合培养,观察甲基苄基亚硝胺(MBN)经肝细胞或食管上皮细胞代谢后,能否产生活性代谢产物,从而诱导V_(79)细胞突变及其它有关的生物学反应。研究结果初步表明,大鼠和鸡肝细胞可以明显代谢MBN产生活性代谢产物,诱导混合培养的V_(79)细胞SCE和微核增高以及6-TG抗性突变。人胎儿肝细胞也可以代谢这种亚硝胺并诱导V_(79)细胞6-TG抗性突变,但对SCE和微核诱导明显偏低。说明这三种肝细胞代谢MBN在性质上是比较近似,可能在代谢激活程度上有一定差异。在食管上皮细胞和V_(79)细胞混合培养的实验中,大鼠食管上皮可以明显代谢MBN诱导V_(79)细胞SCE和微核的增高及6-TG抗性突变。鸡食管上皮细胞未见有明显的代谢MBN引起V_(79)细胞突变的作用。26只雄性莱亨鸡喂以MBN实验最长者达975天,总剂量为1674毫克,结果未见一例鸡发生食管癌。结果表明鸡的食管上皮可能对某些挥发性亚硝胺的致癌作用是不敏感的,目前没有证据支持在林县高发区中所发现的鸡咽食管癌是由于已找到的挥发性亚硝胺引起的。人食管上皮细胞具有一定的代谢MBN产生有致突变作用的代谢产物的能力,然而人与人之间有明显的个体差异。和大鼠相比,人食管代谢MBN诱导V_(79)细胞突变的能力明显较低,有关亚硝胺在高发区人食管癌发生中的作用还有待进一步深入研究。     

温度对高山岭雀能量平衡的影响

近几十年来已有一系列测定鸟类能量平衡受环境因素影响的研究方法的报告,如Zim-merman(1965),West和Hart(1966),West(1960),Kontogiannis(1968),Ken-deigh(1975),Davis(1955)等人对家麻雀(Passer domesticus)等几种小型鸟类在恒定温度、波动温度及不同日照等条件下所作的实验研究,证明了在实验室中测定温度和光照对能量平衡的影响,并进而计算自然条件下逐月出现的能量平衡的变化是可能的。另外,产卵、     

我国甘肃省鬃蚤属(蚤目:蠕形蚤科)新种记述

兰州大学生物学系的同志们曾从文县的黄鼬体上采得一种鬃蚤,经我们研究,认为是一个新种并订为文县鬃蚤,兹记述如下。文县鬃蚤 Chaetopsylla wenxianensis新种 鉴别特征 新种较近杭州鬃蚤Chaetopsylla hangchowen Liu,1939和圆钩鬃蚤 Chaetopsylla mikado Rothschild,     

Characterization of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)

Nine tetrarepeat microsatellite loci for Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) were characterized. By using 35 individuals of unknown relationship collected from Taiwan, we evaluated the polymorphism of these loci. The number of alleles for each locus ranged from five to 12 (mean = 8.78 alleles) and the observed heterozygosity from 0.429 to 0.962 (mean = 0.688) and all loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectation.     

Characterization and the broad cross‐species applicability of 20 anonymous nuclear loci isolated from the Taiwan Hwamei (Garrulax taewanus)

We isolated 20 anonymous nuclear loci (8556 bp in total) from the Taiwan Hwamei (Garrulax taewanus), an endemic songbird of Taiwan. A panel of nine to 15 individuals with unknown relationship was used to characterize polymorphism of these loci. We identified 46 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) in 15 polymorphic loci. Frequency of SNPs was one per every 186 bp in average. Nucleotide diversity, θ, ranged from 0.00054 to 0.00371 per locus. We also tested cross‐species applicability of these loci on 17 species from eight different passerine families. All 20 loci could be successfully amplified (ranged from one to 16 species, mean = 7.9 species).     

闽北大桕蚕的研究

乌桕的食叶害虫种类颇多,在闽北永安、建阳一带,食害比较严重者首推大桕蚕与小桕蚕。而前一种在上述两地,已发现有大量发生的现象。 有关大桕蚕的观察记载,最早可能是Donovan(1842);往後有Sowerby(1925,1928)和Chan(1929),尤其後者曾经发表了相当详细的研究报告。从经济观点出发,他们是着重於丝茧的应用;笔者等却为歼除害虫、保护乌桕生长起见,前後在永     

松毛虫黑卵蜂(Telenomus dendrolimus Chu)在林内散放后的习性观察

一.绪言 松毛虫是为害松林的主要害虫之一,松树被害后丧失针叶,妨碍了树木的正常发育,轻者造成大面积松林枯萎,重者致使树木枯死,从而影响国家工业化建设所需木材的供应和造林事业的顺利开展。几年来在党和政府英明领导下在积极防除方面曾采取了人工捕杀与化学防除等办法,对歼灭松毛虫起了一定效果。至於应用松毛虫天敌消灭松毛虫的生物防除法过去在国内尚缺乏深入的研究。因而仍无成熟经验来指导实     

Drastic post‐LGM expansion and lack of historical genetic structure of a subtropical fig‐pollinating wasp (Ceratosolen sp. 1) of Ficus septica in Taiwan

The climatic oscillations of the last glacial period have had profound influences on the demography and levels of genetic diversity of extant species. Molecular evidence of glacial effects on temperate species has been well documented, whereas little is known regarding that on subtropical species. Here we present analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (1052 bp) and genotypes at 15 microsatellite loci to investigate the historical demography, population structure and ongoing gene flow of an undescribed fig‐pollinating wasp (Ceratosolen sp. 1) of Ficus septica in subtropical Taiwan. Reconstructed historical demography based on the coalescent tree of COI sequences suggests that C. sp. 1 has undergone a drastic population expansion which was tightly coupled with climatic changes since the last glacial maximum (LGM). The magnitude of the population size change was approximately 500‐fold, indicating that the population of this wasp and its host was likely highly compressed during the last glacial period. The lack of significant population differentiation (F_ST < 0.02, for all pairwise F_ST values) may be due to rapid postglacial expansion facilitated by long‐distance dispersal, although a low frequency of first‐generation migrants was detected. Our results clearly demonstrate how recent climatic changes since the LGM and dispersal ability have jointly shaped the genetic composition of a subtropical fig‐pollinating wasp.