The Importance of Amine-degrading Enzymes on the Biogenic Amine Degradation in Fermented Foods: A review

Biogenic amines (BAs) are a class of harmful compounds often be found in high protein foods, especially naturally fermented foods. BAs derive from free amino acid decarboxylation through microbial activities and can cause toxic effects (headache, heart palpitations, vomiting) on humans, depending on individual sensitivity. Indigenous amine-degrading strains or strains producing amine-degrading enzymes (ADEs) have drawn great attention since they play an important role in affecting BA accumulation, and enzymes/genes involved in the biosynthetic mechanisms. They also help maintain the sensory quality of the final products. Besides, due to ADEs’ harmless catalytic products, they can be further utilized in fermented foods and beverages to reduce BAs. This review describes in detail the mechanisms of BAs formation, as well as the diversity of ADEs able to degrade BAs in a model or real food systems. A deeper knowledge of this issue is crucial because ADEs’ activities are often associated with strains rather than species or genera. Moreover, this information can help to improve the selection and characterization of strains for further applications as starters or bioprotective cultures, to obtain high-quality foods with reduced BAs contents.     

DNA reassociation kinetics and hybridization in different angiosperms

Reassociation kinetics ofDaucus carota andPetroselinum crispum (Apiaceae), andDatura innoxia (Solanaceae) are presented. Hybridization of³H-labelled DNA of two carrot cultivars indicate strong qualitative homologies of DNA sequences; nevertheless, certain quantitative differences in some Cotregions seem to exist. However, homologous sequences ofDaucus DNA with DNA ofDatura, and, suprisingly, even with DNA ofPetroselinum are very restricted: between 8% in the repeated regions and ca. 7–9% in the unique regions.     

不同灌溉量夏玉米叶绿素含量的高光谱特征及其反演

植物叶绿素含量直接影响其光合作用，并与植物的光谱特征密切相关。以夏玉米为研究对象，采用人工控水方法研究了夏玉米七叶期不同灌溉量下冠层叶绿素含量特征及其与光谱特征之间的关系。结果表明：灌溉量越少，夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量越低，冠层光谱反射率越高，绿峰位置"红移"，而红边位置"蓝移"。叶绿素含量与光谱特征参数、植被光谱指数之间存在极显著相关关系，据此建立了冠层叶绿素含量高光谱估算模型，且基于植被指数模型较基于单一光谱特征参数模型模拟效果更好。研究结果可为夏玉米叶绿素含量的快速无损测定以及夏玉米干旱监测提供依据。     

Preparation and Evaluation of Differently Sulfonated Styrene–Divinylbenzene Cross-linked Copolymer Cationic Exchange Resins as Novel Carriers for Drug Delivery

The differently sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins were prepared by oil-in-water polymerization and varied degrees of sulfonation. Several characteristics of the obtained resins were evaluated, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectra, the ion-exchange capacity, microscopic morphology, size, and swelling. The resin characteristics were altered in relation to the degree of sulfonation, proving that differently sulfonated resins could be prepared. The behavior of chlorpheniramine (CPM) loading and in vitro release in the USP simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF) of the obtained resins were also evaluated. The CPM loaded in the resinates (drug-loaded resins) increased with the increasing degree of sulfonic group and hence the drug binding site in the employed resins. The CPM release was lower from the resins with the higher degree of sulfonic group due to the increase in the diffusive path depth. The CPM release was obviously lower in SGF than SIF because CPM, a weak base drug, ionized to a greater extent in SGF and then preferred binding with rather than releasing from the resins. In conclusion, the differently sulfonated resins could be utilized as novel carriers for drug delivery.     

微生物分析方法测定保健食品中维生素B6的含量

称取保健强化食品样品,以0.22 mol/L H2SO4、121 ℃高压蒸汽锅水解、吸取合适浓度的检测样品到吡哆醇Y培养基中,接种卡尔斯伯(Saccharomyces Carlsberyensis)酵母菌,于(30±0.5) ℃恒温箱中培养18～22 h,用分光光度计在550 nm波长下测定酵母菌的生长,对应标准生长曲线求得样品中维生素B6(VB6)的含量,同时以同样的方法检测加标回收量.实验结果表明,该方法准确、回收率高、重复性好,便于实验室开展.     

日本血吸虫虫卵、童虫和雌雄成虫膜蛋白的双向电泳

血吸虫寄生生活复杂,中间宿主和终末宿主转换,有性繁殖和无性繁殖交替,由其感染引起的血吸虫病仍严重危害人畜健康(陈贤义等,2002).研究表明,血吸虫不仅能利用宿主的免疫信号分子伪装自己获得宿主的免疫兼容(Salzet et al.,2000),而且还在血吸虫中克隆到宿主信号分子的受体(Ahmed et al.,2001).     

运用微生物法测定保健食品中的维生素B6

介绍运用微生物法测定保健食品中维生素B6的含量。GB／T5009．154—2003将微生物法规定为测定食品中维生素B6的国家标准方法Ⅲ。其原理为卡尔斯伯酵母菌需在有维生素B6存在的条件下才能生长,在一定条件下维生素B6的量与其生长量成正比关系。用分光光度仪在550nm波长下测定该菌的生长．与标准曲线相比较,从而得出该样品中维生素B6的含量。通过对国标方法作较详细的注解,并对有些地方作适当的修改,以期对需要开展此项工作的实验室及其人员会有较大的帮助。     

不同生境与花部特征对巫山淫羊藿结实特性的影响

对不同生境中巫山淫羊藿结实特性进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)三个种群在繁殖时期中不同花部特征的植株繁殖投资差异不大,如每株分枝数、每株花序数和每株开花数差异均不显著;(2)三个种群中每株结实数、每株结实率、每花序结实数在不同花部特征中差异显著,PLS和SAA要显著大于PESS;(3)三种花部特征在不同生境中单株分枝数和单株花序数均无显著差异。在不同花部特征中种群1开花数量相较少,因而在结实方面均值均要小于种群2和种群3;(4)不同花部特征的果实饱满种子数、败育数和败育率均具有显著差异,而种子数差异不大,但在种群间均无显著的差异。说明种子的多少更多地受到花部特征的影响。总之,巫山淫羊藿的结实特性受到生境和花部特征的双重影响,其中花型比生境对巫山淫羊藿结实特性的影响更为明显。