Site-Specific Structural Variations Accompanying Tubular Assembly of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein

The 231-residue capsid (CA) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) spontaneously self-assembles into tubes with a hexagonal lattice that is believed to mimic the surface lattice of conical capsid cores within intact virions. We report the results of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on HIV-1 CA tubes that provide new information regarding changes in molecular structure that accompany CA self-assembly, local dynamics within CA tubes, and possible mechanisms for the generation of lattice curvature. This information is contained in site-specific assignments of signals in two- and three-dimensional solid-state NMR spectra, conformation-dependent ¹⁵N and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts, detection of highly dynamic residues under solution NMR conditions, measurements of local variations in transverse spin relaxation rates of amide ¹H nuclei, and quantitative measurements of site-specific ¹⁵N–¹⁵N dipole–dipole couplings. Our data show that most of the CA sequence is conformationally ordered and relatively rigid in tubular assemblies and that structures of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) observed in solution are largely retained. However, specific segments, including the N-terminal β-hairpin, the cyclophilin A binding loop, the inter-domain linker, segments involved in intermolecular NTD–CTD interactions, and the C-terminal tail, have substantial static or dynamical disorder in tubular assemblies. Other segments, including the 3₁₀-helical segment in CTD, undergo clear conformational changes. Structural variations associated with curvature of the CA lattice appear to be localized in the inter-domain linker and intermolecular NTD–CTD interface, while structural variations within NTD hexamers, around local 3-fold symmetry axes, and in CTD–CTD dimerization interfaces are less significant.     

Further studies of human whole-body radiofrequency absorption rates

Further studies of human whole-body radiofrequency (RF) absorption rates were carried out using a TEM-cell exposure system. Experiments were done at one frequency near the grounded resonance frequency (approximately 40 MHz), and at several below-resonance frequencies. Absorption rates are small for the K and H orientations of the body, even when grounded. For the body trunk in an E orientation, the absorption rate of a sitting person is about half of the rate for the same person standing with arms at the sides; the latter in turn is about half the rate for the same subject standing with arms over the head. Two-body interactions cause no increase in absorption rates for grounded people. They do, however, increase the absorption rates for subjects in an E orientation in free space; the largest interaction occurs when one subject is lambda/2 behind the other (as seen by the incident wave). When these results are applied to practical occupational exposure situations, the whole-body specific absorption rate does not exceed the ANSI limit of 0.4 W/kg for exposures permitted by the ANSI standard (C95.1-1982) at frequencies from 7 to 40 MHz.     

Biological effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields on Salmonella typhimurium and Drosophila melanogaster

Salmonella typhimurium and Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to continuous wave (CW) 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation, pulsed 3.10-GHz electromagnetic radiation, CW 27.12-MHz magnetic fields, or CW 27.12-MHz electric fields (only Drosophila). The temperatures of the treated sample and the nonexposed control sample were kept constant. The temperature difference between exposed and control samples was less than +/- 0.3 degrees C. Ames' assays were made on bacteria that had been exposed to microwaves (SAR 60-130 W/kg) or RF fields (SAR up to 20 W/kg) when growing exponentially in nutrient broth. Survival and number of induced revertants to histidine prototrophy were determined by common plating techniques on rich and minimal agar plates. The Drosophila test consisted of a sensitive somatic system where the mutagenicity was measured by means of mutations in a gene-controlling eye pigmentation. In none of these test systems did microwave or radiofrequency fields induce an elevated mutation frequency. However, a significantly higher concentration of cells was found in the bacterial cultures exposed to the 27-MHz magnetic field or 2.45-GHz CW and 3.10-GHz pulsed microwave radiation.     

超声引导下神经阻滞麻醉联合全身麻醉对股骨头置换老年患者麻醉效果及术后认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究超声引导神经阻滞麻醉联合全身麻醉对股骨头置换老年患者的麻醉效果及对术后认知功能的影响。方法：选取2019年1月至2021年12月期间我院收治的150例拟行股骨头置换术的老年患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各75例。对照组患者行常规全身麻醉,观察组在对照组的基础上行超声引导下神经阻滞麻醉,比较两组患者的血流动力学指标,拔管时间、苏醒时间和复苏室停留时间,苏醒后疼痛,术后认知功能及不良反应的发生率。结果：观察组患者各时间点的心率（HR）和平均动脉压（MAP）均较对照组低（P＜0.05）。观察组拔管时间、苏醒时间和复苏室停留时间均较对照组短（P＜0.05）。观察组患者术后视觉模拟评分（VAS）均低于同一时间点的对照组（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组患者术后1 h、12 h和24 h的简易智力状态检查（MMSE）评分均较高（P＜0.05）,观察组术后1 h、12 h和24 h术后认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率无差异（P＞0.05）。结论：超声引导神经阻滞麻醉可稳定血流动力学,缩短拔管、苏醒及复苏室停留时间,减轻术后疼痛,改善术后认知功能,减少POCD的发生,值得临床推广。     

不同剂量右美托咪定联合超声引导下多点髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年全髋关节置换术中的应用效果分析

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下多点髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合不同剂量右美托咪定在老年全髋关节置换术（THA）中的应用效果。方法：选取2019年11月-2022年12月北京积水潭医院贵州医院择期行THA的老年患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为A组（n=40）、B组（n=40）、C组（n=40）,三组均接受超声引导下多点髂筋膜间隙阻滞治疗,在此基础上,A组、B组、C组分别给予0.5 μg/kg、1.0 μg/kg、1.5 μg/kg右美托咪定注射液。对比三组临床指标、血流动力学指标、应激反应指标、脑神经损伤情况,观察三组围术期间不良反应发生情况。结果：B组、C组的阻滞消退时间、拔管时间长于A组,首次下床时间短于A组（P<0.05）。B组、C组的阻滞消退时间、拔管时间、首次下床时间对比无差异（P>0.05）。三组麻醉诱导后即刻（T1）~手术结束时（T3）时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）升高后降低（P<0.05）。B组、C组的T1~T3时间点HR、MAP均低于A组,且B组低于C组（P<0.05）。三组T3时间点皮质醇（Cor）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）升高（P<0.05）。B组、C组的T3时间点Cor、IL-6、TNF-α均低于A组,且B组低于C组（P<0.05）。B组、C组的T3时间点中枢神经特异性蛋白（S100β）均低于A组,且B组低于C组（P<0.05）。B组、C组的T3时间点脑源性神经生长因子（BDNF）均高于A组,且B组高于C组（P<0.05）。三组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下多点髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合1.0 μg/kg右美托咪定在THA中具有更好的麻醉效果,可缩短首次下床时间,减轻机体应激反应、血流动力学波动以及脑部神经损伤。     

超声引导下隐神经联合IPACK阻滞对老年全膝关节置换术患者应激反应、炎性细胞因子及膝关节活动度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下隐神经联合腘动脉与膝关节后囊间隙（IPACK）阻滞对老年全膝关节置换术（TKA）患者应激反应、炎性细胞因子及膝关节活动度的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法,将无锡市中医医院2021年3月~2022年9月期间收治的102例初次行TKA的老年患者分为观察组（超声引导下隐神经联合IPACK阻滞镇痛处理）和对照组（超声引导下隐神经镇痛处理）,每组各51例。对比两组疼痛情况、炎性细胞因子、应激反应指标、不良反应发生率、膝关节活动度。结果：观察组术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后48 h肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β、β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后48 h血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、皮质醇（COR）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后24 h、术后48 h膝关节活动度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下隐神经联合IPACK阻滞用于TKA患者,具有较好的镇痛效果,可减轻应激反应,抑制炎性细胞因子过度分泌,改善膝关节活动度,麻醉效果较好。     

A circular waveguide irradiation system for nonhuman primates: design and dosimetry

A 275-MHz exposure system, consisting of a circular waveguide irradiator and a transparent plastic animal cage, has been developed to accommodate rhesus monkeys weighing up to 15 kg. The vertically oriented waveguide is composed primarily of stainless steel and is fitted with an inner cage fabricated from a tubular section of acrylic plastic. Circularly polarized electromagnetic energy at 275 MHz, either pulsed or continuous wave (CW), can be propagated from the removable top section of the waveguide. The cage is designed to function as the monkey's permanent home. It is fitted with a lever-actuated behavioral performance device on which the monkey responds according to a predetermined schedule to obtain a daily food ration. The system can be adapted to provide for the collection of metabolic and physiologic data as well. Dosimetric measurements were conducted with six rhesus monkeys weighing 3.0-7.2 kg and with a 4-kg model. The dosimetric results show that about one-third of the net incident energy is absorbed by a subject in this system at a normalized specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.33 (W/kg)/(mW/cm2).     

超声引导下腔内射频消融联合点式剥脱治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果观察

目的:探讨超声引导下腔内射频消融(radiofrequency endovenous obliteration,RFO)联合点式剥脱治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取2017年10月至2018年10月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的下肢静脉曲张患者共320例(320条肢体),将其随机分为观察组200例和对照组120例。观察组200例(200条肢体)采用超声引导下腔内射频消融联合点式剥脱进行治疗,对照组120例(120条肢体)采用传统大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱、曲张静脉点式剥脱治疗。比较两组患者平均住院时间、术后并发症的发生情况及术后1年下肢静脉的彩超随访情况。结果:观察组患者平均住院时间较对照组显著缩短,术后皮肤瘀斑、皮下血肿、隐神经损伤、切口感染的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者术后1年复查,其复发率及大隐静脉主干闭塞情况比较差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与传统大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱、曲张静脉点式剥脱治疗相比,超声引导下腔内射频消融联合点式剥脱治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效及安全性均更高,有利于患者术后康复。     

Association Between Mobile Phone Radiation Exposure and the Secretion of Melatonin and Cortisol,Two Markers of the Circadian System: A Review

The extremely important use of mobile phones in the world, at all ages of life, including children and adolescents, leads to significant exposure of these populations to electromagnetic waves of radiofrequency. The question, therefore, arises as to whether exposure to these radiofrequencies (RFs) could lead to deleterious effects on the body's biological systems and health. In the current article, we review the effects, in laboratory animals and humans, of exposure to RF on two hormones considered as endocrine markers: melatonin, a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland and cortisol, a glucocorticosteroid synthesized by the adrenal glands. These two hormones are also considered as markers of the circadian system. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Web of Sciences (ISI Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, and EMF Portal. From this review on RF effects on cortisol and melatonin, it appears that scientific papers in the literature are conflicting, showing effects, no effects, or inconclusive data. This implies the need for additional research on higher numbers of subjects and with protocols perfectly controlled with follow‐up studies to better determine whether the chronic effect of RF on the biological functioning and health of users exists (or not). Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:5–17. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society     

化疗联合冷循环射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的效果分析

目的：探讨化疗联合冷循环射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法：108例原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组,均给予灌注化疗,每4周进行一次灌注化疗,对照组（n=54）进行3次,治疗组（n=54）只进行一次。治疗组给予冷循环射频消融术。评价生活质量Kamofsky评分,治疗前后检查患者的血、尿、便常规,肝肾功能（包括天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶（AVr）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆红素、肌酐及尿素氮等指标）,甲胎蛋白（AFP）,T细胞亚群和加强肝脏CT扫描。随访1年,经CT确定肝癌复发。结果：治疗组Kamofsky评分有效率为59．26％,对照组Kamofsky评分有效率为37．03％,两组Kamofsky评分有效率相比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组治疗后症状变化相比较,除腹胀外其余各项指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。治疗后两组相比较,ALT和AFP差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后两组T细胞亚群变化相比较,治疗组各项指标均变化显著（P〈0．05）。治疗后随访一年,治疗组复发率为22．22％;对照组复发率为53．70％。两组治疗一年后复发率相比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：化疗结合冷循环射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌疗效肯定,并发症及副作用小,复发率低。