甘薯杂交胚发育过程中的一些生理变化

杂交育种仍是目前甘薯（Ipomoeabatatas）育种的主要手段，而品种间不亲和性的大小和杂交结实率低是制约甘薯杂交育种效果的两个主要因素［”］。迄今已知甘薯存在着15个不同的杂交不亲和群，同群品种间杂交不结实或结实率极低（0％～5％），而异群品种间杂交给实率较高（20％～50％）［‘j。对于杂交结实率低的原因和解决途径，只有少量基干解剖学的观察［”‘’1和利用嫁接、植物生长调节剂提高结实率的报道＊－”。在生理基础方面的研究则未见报道。为此我们选择甘薯高自1号X88－3这一杂交组合（结实率为13．3士l．8％），在8月份的每天…     

科学快讯

日本调查表明多喝绿茶可大幅降低脑梗塞死亡风险新华网东京5月6日报道:日本新公布的调查结果表明,每天坚持喝绿茶:有益健康,适当多喝绿茶甚至可大幅降低脑梗塞的死亡风险。据共同社目前报道,日本东北大学公共卫生学副教授栗山进一等人从1994年起,以日本本州东北地区宫城县4万多名40岁至79岁的中老年人为对象,实施跟踪调查。研究人员按照调查对象每天喝绿茶的量,将他们分成4组进行分析。     

《昆虫知识》2010年第47卷第3期要目预告

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Developmental potency of mouse primitive ectoderm cells,embryonic ectoderm cells,embryonic ectoderm cells and primordial germ cells after blastocyst injection

Developmental potency of primitive and embryonic ectoderm cells from 4.50-day to 6.25-day post-coitum (p.c.) mouse embryos and primordial germ cells from 12.50-day p.c.male genital ridges of fetal mice were studied by direct introducing them into 3.50-day p.c.blastocysts.Sixteen (61.5) overt chimaeras out of 26(50%) offsprings were obtained after transfer of 52 blastocysts injected with 4.50-day primitive ectoderm cells;four (16.0%) overt chimaeras were obtained out of 25 (51.0%) offsprings with 4.75-day primitive ectoderm cells from 49 transferred blastocysts.However,no overt chimaera was obtained with either 5.25-day or 6.25-day embryonic ectoderm cells or 12.50-day male primordial germ cells.GPI analysis of mid-gestation conceptuses developed from injected blastocysts showedthat 5.25-day embryonic ectoderm cells could only contributed to yolk sac of conceptus.Results suggested that implantation acts as a trigger for the determination of primitive ectoderm cells,and their developmental potency becomes limited within a short period of time in normal development.     

甜菜夜蛾在鲁西南地区越冬问题的初步探讨

通过对甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraexigua越冬蛹过冷却点、各虫态发育起点温度、有效积温测定,结合10年来田间调查及越冬观察试验,表明甜菜夜蛾在鲁西南地区一般年份不能安全越冬,得出了每年初代虫源来于外地的结论,这对甜菜夜蛾预测预报和综合防治有着重要的指导作用。     

寄主龄期、过寄生和寄主饥饿处理对菜蛾盘绒茧蜂幼蜂及畸形细胞发育的影响

过寄生、寄生时寄主龄期和寄生后寄主饥饿处理影响菜蛾盘绒茧蜂Cotesia plutellae（Kurdj.）幼蜂及畸形细胞的发育。显微解剖和观察表明,4龄小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L.幼虫被寄生后,其体内菜蛾盘绒茧蜂幼蜂发育不整齐、假寄生比例增高。过寄生后,每头被寄生的寄主血腔中畸形细胞数量明显增多,但直径变小;随着过寄生程度的加剧,幼蜂发育严重受阻。寄主营养显著影响体内幼蜂及畸形细胞的发育,被寄生的小菜蛾经饥饿处理62 h后,体内畸形细胞的数量、活性明显降低,与此同时,幼蜂的发育也受到明显抑制,寄主发育与寄生蜂和畸形细胞的发育呈正相关性。由此可见,寄主不同龄期、过寄生及寄主营养状况均对寄主体内幼蜂和畸形细胞发育产生影响。