蜂房哈夫尼菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆、表达及酶学性质研究

从蜂房哈夫尼菌（Hafnia alvei）中克隆获得一个植酸酶编码基因appA, 该基因全长1335bp,编码444个氨基酸,其中前33个氨基酸为信号肽,成熟蛋白的理论分子量为45.2kD。将基因appA 克隆到大肠杆菌E. coli表达载体pET-22b(+),并在大肠杆菌中表达, 表达产物具有植酸酶活性。对表达的酶蛋白进行纯化,并初步研究了该酶的酶学性质,结果表明：酶的作用最适pH值为4.5;在pH 2.0～10.0范围内, 酶活性保留80％以上;酶的作用最适温度为60℃;酶的比活性为356.7U/mg,酶动力学分析表明其K,/i>_m为0.49mmol/L,V_max为238U/mg;该酶对胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶有一定的抗性。该研究为哈夫尼菌属来源植酸酶的首次报道。     

青蒿鲨烯合酶基因的克隆、结构分析与大肠杆菌表达

用RT-PCR方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)中克隆了一个1 539 bp全长鲨烯合酶cDNA.青蒿鲨烯合酶氨基酸序列与拟南芥、烟草、人类、酵母鲨烯合酶的一致性分别为70%、77%、44%和39%.青蒿鲨烯合酶基因组DNA结构很复杂,包括14个外显子和13个内含子.全长的或C末端截短的鲨烯合酶cDNA被克隆进原核表达载体pET30a并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)中诱导表达.但在含有全长的鲨烯合酶cDNA的大肠杆菌中并没有观察到预期大小的鲨烯合酶表达,而C末端截短疏水区30个氨基酸的鲨烯合酶可在大肠杆菌中过量表达.     

过表达乙酰辅酶A乙酰基转移酶2基因(RKAcat2)对红冬孢酵母产类胡萝卜素的影响

[背景] 乙酰辅酶A乙酰基转移酶（Acetyl Coenzyme A Acyltransferase,Acat）是硫解酶家族的一员,分为I型和II型,而II型作为甲羟戊酸（Mevalonate,MVA）途径的第一个限速酶,其表达水平和催化活性会影响萜类及其衍生物的合成量。[目的] 分析Acat II型基因的过表达对红冬孢酵母产类胡萝卜素的影响。[方法] 从红冬孢酵母YM25235菌株中克隆编码Acat II型的基因RKAcat2,将其回转到红冬孢酵母YM25235菌株中,构建一株RKAcat2基因过表达菌株进行分析。[结果] 与对照菌株相比,RKAcat2基因过表达使YM25235菌株中类胡萝卜素含量提高了50.53%,而菌株中油脂含量降低了22.80%,脂肪酸组成中油酸含量显著下降了17.78%,而且菌株中乙酰辅酶A （Coenzyme A,CoA）的含量也下降了13.64%。[结论] 过表达RKAcat2基因促进更多乙酰CoA进入MVA途径中,从而提高了类胡萝卜素的合成水平,这与部分MVA途径和类胡萝卜素合成途径中基因的转录分析结果一致。研究结果可为进一步通过代谢工程手段提高产油红酵母中类胡萝卜素及其特定组分含量的研究提供参考。     

菘蓝IiEMF基因的克隆与功能分析

该研究以菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)转录组数据为基础,克隆得到菘蓝EMF基因的cDNA全长,命名为IiEMF。(1)序列分析表明,IiEMF基因开放阅读框长度为1896 bp,编码631个氨基酸。进化树分析表明,菘蓝IiEMF蛋白与甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)EMF蛋白亲缘关系最为接近。(2)实时定量PCR结果显示,IiEMF在菘蓝不同器官中均有表达,且在叶中表达量最高,果实中表达量最低;IiEMF基因在菘蓝抽薹开花过程中叶内的表达量呈先升后降的趋势,并于初花期表达量达到最高后逐渐降低回落;在花/果期IiEMF基因表达量较花蕾中明显降低。(3)成功构建了超表达载体pCAMBIA1300-EMF,经农杆菌介导侵染拟南芥,PCR鉴定表明,有7株为超表达转IiEMF基因植株。(4)表型观察发现,在长日照和短日照条件下,与野生型相比2个转IiEMF基因拟南芥株系的开花时间都明显较早(提前6~10 d),且转IiEMF基因株系的莲座叶数比野生型多10片以上,叶片也比野生型大而肥厚。(5)qRT-PCR检测结果显示,在拟南芥营养生长过程中,过表达IiEMF显著抑制了拟南芥AtAP1、AtCO和AtLFY的表达,而促进了AtFLC的表达;当拟南芥开花时,转基因株系中的AtAP1和AtFLC表达量均高于野生型,AtCO和AtLFY的表达量显著低于野生型。研究表明,过量表达IiEMF基因能够促使拟南芥提前开花,且IiEMF可能是通过影响多种开花途径来共同调节促进拟南芥的早花。     

Alpha-momorcharin enhances Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection through modulation of reactive oxygen species

Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC), a member of the plant ribosomal inactivating proteins (RIPs) family, has been proven to exhibit important biological properties in animals, including antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumour activities. However, the mechanism by which α-MMC increases plant resistance to viral infections remains unclear. To study the effect of α-MMC on plant viral defence and how α-MMC increases plant resistance to viruses, recombinant DNA and transgenic technologies were employed to investigate the role of α-MMC in Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. Treatment with α-MMC produced through DNA recombinant technology or overexpression of α-MMC mediated by transgenic technology alleviated TMV-induced oxidative damage and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during TMV-green fluorescent protein infection of N. benthamiana. There was a significant decrease in TMV replication in the upper leaves following local α-MMC treatment and in α-MMC-overexpressing plants relative to control plants. These results suggest that application or overexpression of α-MMC in N. benthamiana increases resistance to TMV infection. Finally, our results showed that overexpression of α-MMC up-regulated the expression of ROS scavenging-related genes. α-MMC confers resistance to TMV infection by means of modulating ROS homeostasis through controlling the expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes. Overall, our study revealed a new crosstalk mechanism between α-MMC and ROS during resistance to viral infection and provides a framework to understand the molecular mechanisms of α-MMC in plant defence against viral pathogens.     

草菇MADS-box转录因子Vvrin1基因过表达转化子菌株的构建及其生长速度的初步差异分析

新鲜草菇味道鲜美,香味浓郁,而且营养丰富,是具有中国特色的食药用菌。草菇采后极易开伞,低温贮藏（10℃以下）则容易自溶、渗水腐、发出异味,是最不易贮藏的食用菌之一。本课题组先前的研究表明草菇MADS-box转录因子Vvrin1基因可能在草菇菌柄的伸长、菌盖的开伞过程中起到一定的作用。因此,本研究以Vvrin1基因为研究对象,构建该基因的过表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的方法进行转化草菇异核菌株H1521菌丝块。通过潮霉素抗性平板筛选,PCR扩增潮霉素抗性基因及Vvrin1基因过表达特异片段,qRT-PCR分析拟转化子菌株内的Vvrin1基因表达量,最终获得了8个比较可靠的转化子。进一步对这些转化子的表型进行初探,发现其中7个转化子的生长速度比出发菌株H1521快,具有显著性差异（P<0.05）,且转化子菌丝更浓密,菌落表面颜色更深,推测草菇MADS-box转录因子Vvrin1基因可能参与了菌丝阶段生长速度和色素合成或积累的调控。研究结果为进一步研究草菇MADS-box转录因子Vvrin1基因的功能提供了菌株材料及数据支持。     

Septin 7 is required for orderly meiosis in mouse oocytes

Septin 7 is a conserved GTP-binding protein. In this study, we examined the localization and functions of Septin 7 during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Immunofluorescent analysis showed that intrinsic Septin 7 localized to the spindles from the pro-MI stage to the MII stage. Knockdown of Septin 7 by siRNA microinjection caused abnormal spindles and affected extrusion of the first polar body. Septin 7 mRNA tagged with myc was injected into GV stage oocytes to overexpress Septin 7. Overexpressed Myc-Septin 7 localized to the spindle and beneath the plasma membrane displaying long filaments. Fluorescence intensity of spindle α-tubulin in myc-Septin 7-injected oocytes was weaker than that of the control group, demonstrating that Septin 7 may influence recruitment of α-tubulin to spindles. MII oocytes injected with myc-Septin 7 exhibited abnormal chromosome alignment, and parthenogenetic activation failed to allow extrusion of the second polar body, suggesting that overexpression of Septin 7 may affect extrusion of the polar body by disturbing the alignment of chromosomes and regulating α-tubulin recruitment to spindles. In summary, Septin 7 may regulate meiotic cell cycle progression by affecting microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics in mouse oocytes.     

cDNA,genomic sequence and overexpression of crystallin alpha-B Gene (CRYAB) of the Giant Panda

αB-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein, has been shown to prevent the aggregation of other proteins under various stress conditions. Here we have cloned the cDNA and the genomic sequence of CRYAB gene from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively. The length of cDNA fragment cloned contains an open reading frame of 528bp encoding 175 amino acids and the length of the genomic sequence is 3189bp, containing three exons and two introns. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other four species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Bos taurus. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda CRYAB to that of these species are 93.9%, 91.5%, 91.5% and 95.3%, respectively, and the homologies for amino acid sequences are 98.3%, 97.1%,97.7% and 99.4%, respectively. Topology prediction shows that there are only four Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites in the CRYAB protein of the Giant Panda. The cDNA of CRYAB was transfected into E. coli, and the CRYAB fused with the N-terminally His-tagged protein gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 24KDa polypeptide, which accorded with the predicted protein. The expression product obtained could be used for purification and study of its function further.