cDNA,genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">GAPDH</Emphasis>) from the Giant Panda

GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway and it is related to the occurrence of some diseases. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of GAPDH were cloned successfully from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using the RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively. Both sequences were analyzed preliminarily. The cDNA of GAPDH cloned from the Giant Panda is 1191 bp in size, contains an open reading frame of 1002 bp encoding 333 amino acids. The genomic sequence is 3941 bp in length and was found to possess 10 exons and 9 introns. Alignment analysis indicates that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved in some mammalian species, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Canis lupus familiaris and Bos taurus. The homologies for the nucleotide sequences of the Giant Panda GAPDH to that of these species are 90.67, 90.92, 90.62, 95.01 and 92.32% respectively, while the homologies for the amino acid sequences are 94.93, 95.5, 95.8, 98.8 and 97.0%. Primary structure analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the putative GAPDH protein is 35.7899 kDa with a theoretical pI of 8.21. Topology prediction showed that there is one Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase active site, two N-glycosylation sites, four Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, seven Protein kinase C phosphorylation sites and eight N-myristoylation sites in the GAPDH protein of the Giant Panda. The GAPDH gene was overexpressed in E. coli BL21. The results indicated that the fusion of GAPDH with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 43 kDa polypeptide. The SDS-PAGE analysis also showed that the recombinant GAPDH was soluble and thus could be used for further functional studies.     

cDNA cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 gene (RPLP1) from the giant panda

RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E.coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.     

cDNA, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of ribosomal protein S25 gene (RPS25) from the Giant Panda

RPS25 is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit encoded by RPS25 gene, which is specific to eukaryotes. Studies in reference to RPS25 gene from animals were handful. The Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), known as a “living fossil”, are increasingly concerned by the world community. Studies on RPS25 of the Giant Panda could provide scientific data for inquiring into the hereditary traits of the gene and formulating the protective strategy for the Giant Panda. The cDNA of the RPS25 cloned from Giant Panda is 436 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 378 bp encoding 125 amino acids. The length of the genomic sequence is 1,992 bp, which was found to possess four exons and three introns. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of the coding sequence shows a high homology to those of Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus as determined by Blast analysis, 92.6, 94.4, 89.2 and 91.5%, respectively. Primary structure analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the putative RPS25 protein is 13.7421 kDa with a theoretical pI 10.12. Topology prediction showed there is one N-glycosylation site, one cAMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, two Protein kinase C phosphorylation sites and one Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site in the RPS25 protein of the Giant Panda. The RPS25 gene was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 and Western Blotting of the RPS25 protein was also done. The results indicated that the RPS25 gene can be really expressed in E. coli and the RPS25 protein fusioned with the N-terminally his-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 17.4 kDa polypeptide. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPS25 were cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda using RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively, which were both sequenced and analyzed preliminarily; then the cDNA of the RPS25 gene was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 and immunoblotted, which is the first report on the RPS25 gene from the Giant Panda. The data will enrich and supplement the information about RPS25, which will contribute to the protection for gene resources and the discussion of the genetic polymorphism.     

Comparative Analysis and Molecular Characterization of a Gene BANF1 Encoded a DNA-Binding Protein During Mitosis from the Giant Panda and Black Bear

Barrier to autointegration factor 1 (BANF1) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mitosis. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of BANF1 were cloned from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus mupinensis) using RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively. The cDNA of the BANF1 cloned from Giant Panda and Black Bear is 297 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 270 bp encoding 89 amino acids. The length of the genomic sequence from Giant Panda is 521 bp, from Black Bear is 536 bp, which were found both to possess 2 exons. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to some mammalian species studied. Topology prediction showed there is one Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, one Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, one Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site, one N-myristoylation site, and one Amidation site in the BANF1 protein of the Giant Panda, and there is one Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, one Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site, one N-myristoylation site, and one Amidation site in the BANF1 protein of the Black Bear. The BANF1 gene can be readily expressed in E. coli. Results showed that the protein BANF1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 14 kD polypeptide that formed inclusion bodies. The expression products obtained could be used to purify the proteins and study their function further.     

Molecular cloning of ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) cDNA from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and its potential value in phylogenetic study

The cDNA fragment of ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) was cloned from Ailuropoda melanoleuca using RT-PCR method. The cDNA fragment is composed of 475 bp, containing an open reading frame of 145 amino acids. Alignment analyses indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to other known RPL26 sequences from vertebrates and invertebrates. The cDNA sequence was used to construct phylogenetic trees with other known vertebrate and invertebrate RPL26 sequences, and the obtained trees demonstrated similar topology with the classical systematics, indicating the potential value of RPL26 gene in phylogenetic analysis.     

Cloning and characterization of calreticulin and its association with salinity stress in P. trituberculatus

Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved and multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein and plays important roles in salinity stress response. Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important fishery species, and water salinity conditions influence its commercial farming significantly. In order to research the function of calreticulin under salinity stress, the full-length cDNA sequence of calreticulin from P. trituberculatus (PtCRT) was firstly cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of PtCRT is 1676 bp with 1218 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 405 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the deduced acid amino sequences of PtCRT shared the highest homology to CRT of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (89 %). Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that PtCRT was expressed in all detected tissues and showed the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. In addition, salinity challenge significantly influenced the expression level of PtCRT in gill. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in cDNA sequence of PtCRT, and one SNP was associated with the salt tolerant trait. All results indicated that PtCRT plays an important role in mediating the salinity adaption of P. trituberculatus.     

Isolation and Characterization of the PKAr Gene From a Plant Pathogen,Curvularia lunata

By using EST database from a full-length cDNA library of Curvularia lunata, we have isolated a 2.9 kb cDNA, termed PKAr. An ORF of 1,383 bp encoding a polypeptide of 460 amino acids with molecular weight 50.1 kDa, (GeneBank Acc. No. KF675744) was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PKAr shows 90 and 88 % identity with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A regulatory subunit from Alternaria alternate and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Pt-1C-BFP, respectively. Database analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PKAr shares considerable similarity with that of PKA regulatory subunits in other organisms, particularly in the conserved regions. No introns were identified within the 1,383 bp of ORF compared with PKAr genomic DNA sequence. Southern blot indicated that PKAr existed as a single copy per genome. The mRNA expression level of PKAr in different development stages were demonstrated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the level of PKAr expression was highest in vegetative growth mycelium, which indicated it might play an important role in the vegetative growth of C. lunata. These results provided a fundamental supporting research on the function of PKAr in plant pathogen, C. lunata.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase-C from mouse.

Mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase-C (LDH-C) cDNA was cloned and sequenced from lambda gt11 expression library. The LDH-C cDNA insert of 1236 bp consists of the protein-coding sequence (999 bp), the 5' (54 bp) and 3' (113 bp) non-coding regions, and the poly(A) tail (70 bp). The Northern blot analysis of poly(A)-containing RNAs from mouse testes and liver indicates that the LDH-C gene is expressed in testes but not in liver, and that its mRNA is approx. 1400 nucleotides in length. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the mouse LDH-C cDNA show 73% and 72% homologies, respectively, with those of the mouse LDH-A. The Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from mouse liver and human placenta indicates the presence of multiple LDH-C gene-related sequences.     

Analysis of Cationic Amino Acid Transport Activity in Canine Lens Epithelial Cells

Cationic amino acid transport activity in a canine lens epithelial cells (LEC) line was investigated. The transporter activity of arginine was 0.424 ± 0.047 nmol/mg protein min, while the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of the canine cationic amino acid transporter (CAT), reduced transport activity by 30%. A full-length cDNA sequence of canine CAT1 was 2558 bp long and was predicted to encode the 629 amino acid polypeptides. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine CAT1 showed similarities of 92.1% and 88.6% to those of the human and mouse, respectively. Western blot analysis detected a band at 70 kDa in a membrane protein sample of LEC. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that CAT1 was ubiquitously detected in all tissues examined.     

Cloning,chromosome mapping and expression pattern of porcine PLIN and M6PRBP1 genes

The PAT proteins, named after the three PLIN/ADRP/TIP47 (PAT) proteins, PLIN for perilipin, ADRP for adipose differentiation-related protein and TIP47 for tail-interacting protein of 47 kDa, now officially named M6PRBP1 for mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding protein 1, is a set of intracellular lipid droplet binding proteins. They are localized in the outer membrane monolayer enveloping lipid droplets and are involved in the metabolism of intracellular lipid. This work describes the cloning and sequencing of porcine PLIN and M6PRBP1 cDNAs, the chromosome mapping of these two genes, as well as the expression pattern of porcine PAT genes. Sequence analysis shows that the porcine PLIN cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1551 bp encoding 516 amino acids and that the porcine M6PRBP1 cDNA contains a coding region of 1320 bp encoding 439 amino acids. Comparison of PLIN and M6PRBP1 amino-acid sequences among various species reveals that porcine and bovine proteins are the most conserved. Porcine PLIN and M6PRBP1 genes have been mapped to pig chromosomes 7 and 2, respectively, by radiation hybrid analysis using the IMpRH panel. Expression analyses in pig showed a high expression of PLIN mRNA in adipose tissue, M6PRBP1 mRNA in small intestine, kidney and spleen and ADRP mRNA in adipose tissue, lung and spleen.     

Complete nucleotide sequence of a CDNA encoding porcine tumor necrosis factor‐alpha

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), produced by immune cells, is a cytokine with a central role in the mediation of inflammatory responses to infection and injury. We report the nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequence of a full length porcine TNF‐α cDNA. The complete cDNA nucleotide sequence is 1650 bp in length (not including the poly A tail) and has an open reading frame of 696 bp encoding a 232 amino acid protein. The porcine TNF cDNA sequence shows homologies of 86, 77, and 82% to human, murine, and lapine TNF cDNA sequences in the coding regions, respectively. The 5’ untranslated region of the cDNAs shows little sequence similarity. However, the 3´ untranslated region contains highly conserved sequences among all species, especially the TTATTTAT motif characteristic of cytokine messages.     

Novel fluorescent protein from Hydnophora rigida possess cyano emission

Currently, a broad diversity of fluorescent proteins among marine organisms range from cyano-red emissions. Fluorescent proteins differ in their DNA sequences from green fluorescent protein (GFP). We identified cDNA encoding the gene of a new protein from the reef coral Hydnophora rigida of the Merulinidae family. Both the spectral properties and putative primary sequence of the protein has been determined. The cloned cDNA encode peptide we call HriCFP is comprised of 134 amino acids. It has characteristics of a cyano fluorescent protein (HriCFP) and its sequence is markedly different from known GFP from the hydroid jellyfish Aequorea victoria. HriCFP was cloned, expressed, purified and exist as monomer. The peptide mass finger print on the purified protein confirmed identity of HriCFP.     

割手密醛脱氢酶ScALDH基因的克隆与表达分析

该研究从甘蔗细茎野生种(割手密Saccharum spontaneum)中克隆抗旱相关的基因Sc ALDH,并分析其在干旱处理条件下的表达情况和序列特征。利用RT-PCR技术克隆甘蔗的ALDH基因片段,并对其核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分析。使用NCBI Blastx、ORF finder、Mega、NCBI Conserved Domain Search等程序对其分别进行不同物种氨基酸比较、开放阅读框(ORF)寻找、进化树及保守序列分析,并用Real Time-PCR分析所克隆基因在干旱胁迫前后的表达差异。结果表明:克隆出甘蔗的ALDH基因片段,总长度为1996bp,其中蛋白质编码区(CDS)全长1524bp,编码508个氨基酸;与其它物种ALDH类蛋白氨基酸序列有很高的同源性,有ALDH家族的保守序列,并含有完整的开放阅读框,系统进化树分析显示与玉米的蛋白质亲缘关系最近;Real timePCR数据表明,在干旱胁迫下,随着干旱时间的延长,该基因的表达量呈持续积累的表达模式。总体上来说,该基因对干旱胁迫显著表达。利用RT-PCR技术克隆的甘蔗ALDH基因,属于ALDH蛋白家族的一员,具有其典型的功能域,该基因在干旱胁迫过程中参与抗旱作用。该研究结果为野生种资源开发、优良抗旱亲本选择和培育抗旱性强甘蔗品种提供了参考依据。     

麻疯树鲨烯合酶基因SQS的克隆及生物信息学分析

以麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)总RNA为模板,根据已报道的鲨烯合酶基因序列设计简并引物,用RACE方法克隆得到麻疯树鲨烯合酶基因全长cDNA,命名为JcSQS。JcSQS全长1609 bp,包含1个1242 bp的开放阅读框,预测麻疯树鲨烯合酶基因编码的蛋白含有413个氨基酸。JcSQS具有鲨烯合酶类的保守结构域,JcSQS 蛋白与蓖麻、柿、木榄等植物中SQS基因编码的氨基酸序列具有高度同源性。这为研究麻疯树萜烯类物质的生物合成和调控机制奠定了基础。     

Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding growth hormone from Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

A tissue-specific cDNA library was constructed using polyA⁺ RNA from pituitary glands of the Indian catfishHeteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and a cDNA clone encoding growth hormone (GH) was isolated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers representing the conserved regions of fish GH sequences the 3′ region of catfish GH cDNA (540 bp) was cloned by random amplification of cDNA ends and the clone was used as a probe to isolate recombinant phages carrying the full-length cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA clone is 1132 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp; the reading frame encodes a putative polypeptide of 200 amino acids including the signal sequence of 22 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the cDNA are 58 bp and 456 bp long, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence ofH. fossils GH shared 98% homology with other catfishes. Mature GH protein was efficiently expressed in bacterial and zebrafish systems using appropriate expression vectors. The successful expression of the cloned GH cDNA of catfish confirms the functional viability of the clone.