鸟类性别决定机制及性别鉴定的研究进展

鸟类的性别决定是一个多基因参与的级联调控过程。这一过程受Z染色体连锁的DMRT1基因, W染色体连锁的PKC1W和其它多种因子共同调控。本文综述了性别决定基因及其功能、性别鉴定方法等方面的研究进展。Abstract： Avian sex determination is a multiple gene regulation cascade. Genes such as the Z chromosome-linked DMRT1 gene, W chromosome-linked PKCIW gene and other factors have been demonstrated to be involved in this process. In this paper, we review the recent progress in this field. The investigation of functions of sex determinate genes and methods of sexing birds are discussed here.     

三重融合PCR法构建感染性辛德毕斯嵌合病毒cDNA克隆

利用三重融合PCR法,即将3个DNA片段放在同一个反应里进行长片段PCR扩增法,融合得到了包含辛德毕斯病毒XJ-160株结构基因E3、E2、6K、3′UTR和辛德毕斯病毒YN87448株结构基因E1的融合DNA片段E3E26KE13′UTR。通过此融合片段两端引入的XbaI和XhoI酶切位点将其连接到XJ-160株的感染性全基因组cDNA克隆骨架上,成功构建了辛德毕斯病毒株XJ-160与YN87448外膜糖蛋白基因E1相互替换的嵌合病毒cD-NA克隆,命名为pBR-XJ160YE1。该克隆线性化后经体外转录,RNA转录体脂质体法转染BHK-21细胞,36h后细胞发生病变。间接免疫荧光检测到病毒蛋白的表达。提取5次传代后细胞上清中病毒RNA,RT-PCR法检测证明病毒来源于嵌合病毒cDNA克隆。此感染性辛德毕斯嵌合病毒cDNA克隆可以作为研究辛德毕斯病毒E1糖蛋白基因相关功能及XJ-160病毒和YN87448病毒存在单方向血清学反应的分子机理的分子生物学工具。     

Identification of RAPD markers linked to the karnal bunt resistance genes in wheat

A set of 104 wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from a cross between parents resistant (HD 29) and susceptible (WH 542) to karnal bunt (KB) (caused by Neovossia indica) were screened and used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked with resistance to karnal bunt as these would allow indirect marker assisted selection of KB resistant genotypes. The two parents were analysed with 92 RAPD primers. A total of 65 primers proved functional by giving scorable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Of these, 21 (32 %) primers detected polymorphism between the two parental genotypes. Using these primers, bulked segregant analysis was carried out on two bulk DNAs, one obtained by pooling DNA from 10 KB resistant RILs and the other similarly derived by pooling 10 KB susceptible RILs. One marker, OPM-20 showed apparent association with resistance to KB. This was confirmed following selective genotyping of individual RILs included in the bulks.     

Variability in sequence of Strawberry vein banding virus

The variability of the Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) isolates was investigated. In total 267 strawberry plants from 6 European countries and North America were tested for the presence of SVBV. Only 4 plants were positive. Partial genomic sequences of the capsid protein gene of three North American SVBV isolates were determined. Only minor sequence variability (0.7 %) was observed during a comparison with existing nucleotide data of the European and the North American isolates (9 isolates). No variability at all could be found in the annealing regions of primers and probes used for molecular detection of SVBV for these isolates. However, a comparison to a sequence of a Chinese isolate published recently revealed a much higher DNA sequence difference (9.5 %) of this isolate.     

Monitoring of cultivar identity in tissue culture-derived date palms using RAPD and AFLP analysis

In the present study, two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods namely, randomly amplified polymophic DNA (RAPD) and amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed to assess genetic variations, which may appeared, in tissue culture-derived date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) offshoots. Analysis of RAPD banding patterns generated by PCR amplification using 37 random primers gave no evidences for somaclonal variations and the percentage of polymorphic bands in a total of 259 scored bands was zero. Meanwhile, analysis of AFLP banding patterns generated using 13 primer combinations pointed to minor genetic variations in the AFLP banding patterns. The percentage of genetic variations (polymorphism) in tissue culture-derived date palm offshoots belonging to cultivars Sakkoty, Gandila and Bertamoda was 2.6, 0.79 and 1 %, respectively, as revealed by AFLP analysis. The low percentage of genetic variations confirms the genetic stability of tissue culture-derived dry date palm cultivars.     

酿酒酵母ADH3基因的敲除

设计含有与酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)编码乙醇脱氢酶Ⅲ的ADH3基因ORF两侧序列同源的长引物,以质粒pUG6为模板进行PCR构建带有Cre/loxP系统的敲除组件。转化酿酒酵母YS3(Saccharomyces cerevisiae),并将质粒pSH65转入阳性克隆子。半乳糖诱导表达Cre酶切除Kanr基因,在YPD培养基中连续传代培养丢失pSH65质粒,在原ORF处留下一个loxP位点,获得ADH3单倍体缺陷型菌株。利用同样的方法再次敲除双倍体的另一个等位基因。最终获得ADH3双倍体基因缺陷型突变株YS3-ADH3。     

伪狂犬病病毒ul24基因表达蛋白的胞内定位研究

根据GenBank已发表的PrVul24基因序列(NC006151),设计并合成一对引物,PCR扩增出ul24基因编码区,克隆于pEGFP-N1载体,得到重组质粒pUL24-GFP。酶切鉴定,测序及WesternBlot验证重组质粒。ul24基因序列测定结果已提交GenBank,登录号DQ226544。Westernblot分析结果表明UL24-GFP融合蛋白为45KD。将pUL24-GFP转染真核细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜观察融合蛋白的细胞内定位,结果表明UL24-GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核。     

用PCR法快速半定量阴道分泌物中的乳酸杆菌

目的 通过对PCR引物、反应条件及样本处理条件的摸索,建立一种不经过分离培养和DNA提取纯化步骤,直接用乳酸杆菌特异性引物快速定性、半定量妇女阴道分泌物标本中乳酸杆菌的方法.方法 设计乳酸杆菌属特异性引物;对样本处理方法和PCR反应条件进行摸索;比较用PCR法定量阴道分泌物中乳酸杆菌的结果和稀释滴种法定量结果的相关性.结果 （1）用浓度为2%的Tritonx-100处理阴道标本后可在220 bp的位置得到最佳的特异性扩增区带;（2）将MgCl2在PCR反应体系中的终浓度调节至2.5 mmol/L时,可以产生最强的特异性反应扩增带;（3）用PCR法分析阴道分泌物所得菌数与培养所得菌数之间明显相关（P＜0.05）;用PCR法分析阴道分泌物所得灰度值与培养所得菌数之间明显相关（P＜0.05）.结论 将阴道分泌物标本经过简单的离心、洗涤处理后,直接应用PCR法,就可以快速地定性和半定量妇女阴道分泌物标本中的乳酸杆菌.     

一种快速提取肠道微生物总DNA的方法

采集的兔肠道内容物及其粪便样品,通过分散浸泡、震荡洗涤、分级离心、滤器过滤、DNA提取试剂盒提取纯化,可以获得纯度很高的DNA样品。经0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和紫外分光光度计测定,样品A260/A280的比值为1.72±0.02。分别以提取的DNA样品为模板,通过设计的细菌特异引物,对其16S rDNA基因进行PCR扩增,获得了1.6 kb大小特异性很好的预期条带。这为肠道微生物群落的分子生态学研究提供了一种简便、可靠的DNA提取方法。     

银染法检测短串联重复序列(STR)位点PCR产物鉴别MRC-5细胞

通过采用银染法鉴别短串联重复序列聚合酶链式反应(STR)位点的PCR产物来鉴别人二倍体细胞MRC-5株主细胞库、工作细胞库及限制代细胞。运用PCR方法对细胞库的9个STR位点(CSF1PO、TPOX、TH01、F13A01、FESFPS、vWA、D16S539、D7S820、D13S317)和性别鉴别位点Am elogen in进行扩增,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,银染法显影技术,检测MRC-5主细胞库、工作细胞库及限制代细胞的遗传标记。与ATCC公布的MRC-5的荧光STR图谱的8个STR位点和Am elogen in位点相比,MRC-5主细胞库、工作细胞库、限制代细胞的银染STR图谱的9个STR位点和Am elogen in位点,荧光法和银染法重叠的8个位点(CSF1PO、TPOX、TH01、FESFPS、vWA、D16S539、D7S820、D13S317和Am elogen in)数据完全吻合,说明细胞鉴别试验成立。STR图谱作为细胞鉴别的方法简单、易行、准确。