Synthesis, characterization and properties of chromium(III) complex [Cr(SA)(en)2]Cl.2H2O

The reaction of chromium(III) chloride, salicylic acid (SA) and ethylenediamine (en) led to the formation of chromium complex [Cr(SA)(en)(2)]Clx2H(2)O(1). The crystal structure belongs to monoclinic system with the space group P2(1), R(1)=0.0358. In this compound, Cr(III) atom is six-coordinated in octahedral coordination geometry by one phenolic hydroxyl oxygen, one carboxylate oxygen from the salicylic acid and four nitrogen atoms from two ethylenediamine molecules, respectively. The transfer manners of Cr(III) from the title compound to the low-molecular-mass chelator, ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the iron-binding protein apoovotransferrin (apoOTf) were followed by a combination of UV-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectra in 0.01M Hepes at pH 7.4. The results show that Cr(III) can be transferred from the complex to apoovotransferrin with the retention of the salicylate acted as a synergistic anion.     

寄生刺槐绿虎天牛的姬蜂并记述一新种(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道了寄生刺槐绿虎天牛Chlorophorus diadema(Motschulsky)的2种姬蜂:新种刺槐天牛善姬蜂Aritranis robiniae sp.nov.和泰山筒瘤姬蜂Pimplaetus taishanensis He,1996.新种的模式标本保存在国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.     

SPLUNC1多肽抗体的设计、制备与鉴定

通过设计SPLUNC1蛋白的一段多肽,快速制备抗SPLUNC1的多肽抗体,检测多肽抗体的性能,为SPLUNC1的功能研究提供可靠的平台. 用DS Gene1.1软件分析SPLUNC1蛋白的跨膜结构域、二级结构、疏水性、亲水性以及抗原性等,综合考虑抗体设计的其它因素,设计出两段15～20个氨基酸的多肽.将合成后的多肽与钥孔戚血蓝素（keyhole limpet hemocyanin,KLH）偶联,同时初筛出宿主血清与SPLUNC1无交叉反应的新西兰家兔,用与KLH相连的SPLUNC1多肽免疫家兔,2个月后获取血清,亲和纯化出抗SPLUNC1多肽抗体,通过ELISA法检测其效价,免疫印迹与免疫组化检测其特异性与适用范围.通过该方法得到了高效价与高特异性的SPLUNC1多克隆特异性抗体,ELISA法测定其效价可达到1∶10⁵,通过对包含有PLUNC家族不同成员的蛋白混合物进行Western印迹检测证明,该多肽抗体具有较高的特异性,不与同一家族中的其它蛋白发生交叉反应,而且该抗体可用于免疫组化,说明所制备的分泌性蛋白SPLUNC1抗体具有高特异、高效价等特点,将为SPLUNC1基因的功能研究提供有用的研究材料.     

Supramolecular assemblies of new 2-D complexes: Syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of {[MnAu2(CN)4(NITpPy)2(H2O)2]}n and {[Co(N(CN)2)2(NITpPy)2(H2O)2]}n

Two new complexes, {[MnAu₂(CN)₄(NITpPy)₂(H₂O)₂]}_n (1) and {[Co(N(CN)₂)₂(NITpPy)₂(H₂O)₂]}_n (2), have been synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray analysis for the complexes 1 and 2 demonstrates that each M(II) (M = Mn or Co) ion assumes a distorted octahedral MN₄O₂ coordination polyhedron. Four nitrogen atoms come from the cyanide groups and the pyridyl rings in a common plane, and two oxygen atoms come from the H₂O molecules in trans-positions. The structures of complexes 1 and 2 illustrate that aurophilicity and/or hydrogen bonding interactions play important roles in increasing dimensionality. Magnetic investigations on complexes 1 and 2 show the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions.     

One-dimensional coordination polymers made of transition metal-nitronyl nitroxide radical with dicyanoaurate(I) bridges

Three 1-D transition metal-nitronyl nitroxide radical complexes with dicyanoaurate(I) bridges, [M(NIT3py)₂][Au(CN)₂]₂ [NIT3py = 2-(3′-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, M = Mn, Co, Zn (1-3)], were synthesized and structurally characterized. Three compounds are all isostructural in monoclinic, C2/c space group with Z = 4. The [Au(CN)₂]⁻ anions link [M(NIT3py)₂] units via μ₂-bridging mode, leading to a linear coordination chain. The M(II) ion adopts a distorted octahedral geometry with four N atoms from [Au(CN)₂]⁻ groups and two pyridyl-N atoms from NIT3py ligands. The magnetic behavior shows that the couplings are both weak antiferromagnetic between Mn(II) and NIT3py and between Co(II) and NIT3py.     

Mutagenesis of echinocandin B overproducing Aspergillus nidulans capable of using starch as main carbon source

Abstract

Echinocandin B, a kind of antimycotic with cyclic lipo-hexapeptides, was produced by fermentation with Aspergillus nidulans using fructose as main carbon source. The objective of this study was to screen a high-yield mutant capable of using cheap starch as main carbon source by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) treatment in order to decrease the production cost of echinocandin B. A stable mutant A. nidulans ZJB19033, which can use starch as optimal carbon source instead of expensive fructose, was selected from two thousands isolates after several cycles of ARTP mutagenesis. To further increase the production of echinocandin B, the optimization of fermentation medium was performed by response surface methodology (RSM), employing Plackett-Burman design (PBD) followed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimized fermentation medium provided the optimal yield of echinocandin B, 2425.9?±?43.8?mg/L, 1.3-fold compared to unoptimized medium. The results indicated that the mutant could achieve high echinocandin B production using cheap starch as main carbon source, and the cost of carbon sources in fermentation medium reduced dramatically by about 45%.     

The correlations between system treatment efficiencies and aboveground emergent macrophyte nutrient removal for the Hsin-Hai Bridge phase II constructed wetland

This study investigated the correlations between the system treatment efficiencies and total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) accumulations of aboveground tissues of the wetland macrophytes of Hsin-Hai Bridge phase II constructed wetland. Among 19 emergent macrophytes studied, the optimal TN contents, 3.82% and 3.52% (w/w) were found for water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and Ludwigia x taiwanensis; while the optimal TP contents were found for the above two macrophytes at 0.64% and 0.83% (w/w). The accumulations of total plant TN and TP uptakes increased from 213 to 403 kg and 41 to 75 kg from March 2007 to the peak at September 2007, respectively. The TN ratios between plant tissue accumulations and the removals from the influents were 1.57%, 2.76%, 1.51% and 3.2% from March 2007 to March 2008. In the same period, the TP ratios between plant tissue accumulations and the removals from influents were 1.71%, 8.0%, 0.58% and 10.1%. The roles of the uptakes by aboveground portions of emergent macrophytes in system nutrient removals from the influents were more significant during growth seasons.     

冬小麦根系时空分布动态及产量对不同氮源配施的响应

为了解不同氮(N)源(有机/无机肥)配施对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)根系时空分布特征和产量的影响, 采用微根管(minirhizotron)动态监测技术, 以强筋小麦品种‘豫麦34’为试验材料, 在等养分条件下, 设置不施肥(T₀)、100%尿素N (T₁)、75%尿素N + 25%鸡粪N (T₂)、50%尿素N + 50%鸡粪N (T₃)、25%尿素N + 75%鸡粪N (T₄)和100%鸡粪N (T₅)等6个有机N与化肥N配施处理, 研究分析了‘豫麦34’在不同生育时期及0-100 cm土层中根系直径、根长密度、根长生长量和死亡量等根系特征参数的变化及其产量表现。结果表明, 施肥不仅有利于各生育时期及不同土层中根系直径、根长密度和根长生长量的增加, 而且增加了根长死亡量, 促进了根系的周转。对不同配施处理进行比较, 发现T₃处理(尿素和鸡粪等氮配施)的效果最为显著, 全生育期平均根长密度、周期生长量与周期死亡量分别较对照T₀增加了55.52%、57.79%和61.61%, 有效分蘖数、穗粒重、经济产量和经济系数也以T₃处理增加最多, 分别较T₀增加了52.63%、43.90%、40.16%和12.02%; 穗粒数在T₄处理下最大, 较T₀增加了45.79%; 生物产量在T₅处理下最高, 比T₀增加了26.95%。因此, 不同氮源合理配施有利于促进冬小麦根系的生长及在不同土层中的扩展, 提高冬小麦产量。尿素和鸡粪为N源时等氮配施(50 : 50)的效果最佳。     

不同冬小麦品种在3种质地土壤中氮代谢特征及利用效率分析

为明确不同土壤质地条件下不同品种冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)的氮代谢和利用特征, 筛选与土壤质地相适宜的高产和氮高效利用的优质小麦品种, 采用大田试验的方法, 在同一生态类型区砂土、壤土和黏土3种质地土壤上, 以当地生产上大面积应用的强筋小麦‘郑麦366’ (‘ZM366’)和中筋小麦‘矮抗58’ (‘AK58’)、‘周麦22’ (‘ZM22’)为材料, 系统地研究了土壤质地对不同冬小麦品种主要生育时期叶片氨同化关键酶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、游离氨基酸含量、花前和花后不同器官氮素积累和分配、氮素再分配等氮代谢过程及产量、品质和氮素利用效率等的影响。结果表明: 在这3种土壤质地上, 不同品种冬小麦旗叶GS活性和游离氨基酸含量均呈倒“V”型变化特征。各品种小麦旗叶GS活性、游离氨基酸含量大小及达到最大值的时期不一样, 砂土条件下峰值早于壤土10天左右出现, 且在5月22日已检测不到GS活性和游离氨基酸含量。花前和花后小麦地上部及各器官氮积累量(NA)、氮再分配量(NR)、成熟期籽粒产量和氮素当季利用率(NUE)均以壤土上为最高。氮素转运率(NRE)、花前再分配氮素对籽粒氮素的贡献率(NRC)、氮素生理效率(NPE)、氮收获指数(NHI)以砂土上为最高。其中, 砂土上NRC达82.46%-95.84%, 是花后的7倍左右; 壤土和黏土条件下花后吸收的氮素在籽粒氮素的积累中占有较大的比例, 贡献率分别为36.6%和29.2%。同一土壤质地上3个品种比较, 在砂土上, GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及NUE和NPE以‘郑麦366’最高, 而壤土上以‘矮抗58’最高, 黏土上则以‘周麦22’最高。因此, 在生产上应培育和选择与土壤质地相适应的小麦品种, 砂土地种植‘郑麦366’, 壤土条件下种植‘矮抗58’, 黏土条件下种植‘周麦22’, 可以在获得较高产量和品质的同时, 提高氮素利用效率。