开花后小黑麦旗叶氮代谢与籽粒蛋白质形成的品种间差异

为了解不同类型小黑麦(×Triticosecale)氮代谢及籽粒蛋白质形成的差异,本文以加工型品种‘东农8809’、饲用型品种‘东农5305’和粮饲兼用型品种‘东农96026’为材料,采用随机区组设计,探究3个类型小黑麦品种氮同化、氮素积累及转运、蛋白质积累特性的变化。结果表明,加工型品种‘东农8809’花后氮素同化量高而氮素转运量低,籽粒蛋白质主要来源于花后植株的同化吸收;饲用型品种‘东农5305’硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性高,旗叶可溶性蛋白含量和游离氨基酸含量较高,对氮的贮存能力高,利于生育后期向籽粒转运;粮饲兼用型品种‘东农96026’的NR和GS活性较低,且生育后期GS降幅大,氮同化能力较低,氮素转运量和氮转运效率小,氮素转运能力弱。     

大气CO2浓度倍增对油菜韧皮部汁液成分及根部氮素积累的影响

以甘蓝型欧洲油菜(Brassica napus) ‘814’和‘湘油15’两个品种为研究对象, 探寻在两个CO₂浓度(自然CO₂浓度: 400 μmol·mol^-1和高CO₂浓度: (800 ± 20) μmol·mol^-1)和两个氮素水平(低氮和常氮)处理下, 欧洲油菜韧皮部汁液中可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量, 以及根部干物质量和氮素累积量的变化。结果表明: 1) CO₂浓度升高提高欧洲油菜韧皮部汁液可溶性糖含量, 施氮条件下‘814’在抽薹期达到0.29%, ‘湘油15’在盛花期达到0.25%, 其含量均显著高于自然CO₂浓度处理。2) CO₂浓度对韧皮部汁液游离氨基酸含量的影响因品种而异, 无论施氮与否, CO₂浓度升高使‘814’的游离氨基含量降低; 而‘湘油15’ CO₂浓度升高促使其在低氮条件下含量升高, 在常氮条件下则降低。3)根部干物质量和氮素累积量均随CO₂浓度升高而增加, 且欧洲油菜韧皮部汁液中可溶性糖含量与游离氨基酸含量与根部干物质量和氮素累积量呈显著正相关。     

氮、钾水平对小麦籽粒蛋白质合成关键酶活性的影响

在大田栽培条件下,以蛋白质含量差异的两个冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种宁麦9号(低蛋白)和扬麦10号(中蛋白)为材料,研究了不同氮、钾施肥水平对小麦旗叶与籽粒中游离氨基酸含量、蛋白质合成关键酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响及其与开花期旗叶氮、钾营养的关系.结果表明,氮、钾施肥显著提高了小麦花后旗叶与籽粒中游离氨基酸和籽粒蛋白质含量、旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及籽粒GS和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,其中氮肥的作用大于钾肥、氮钾肥配合达到最大,对扬麦10号的效应大于宁麦9号.开花期旗叶氮/钾比随施氮水平的增加呈二次曲线变化,随施钾水平的增加呈下降趋势.旗叶GS活性和成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量与氮/钾比均呈显著或极显著的二次曲线关系.因此,旗叶和籽粒中蛋白质合成关键酶活性受开花期旗叶氮/钾比的显著影响,是氮、钾素影响小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的重要生理原因.     

灌浆期高温对冬小麦籽粒氨基酸含量和组成的影响

以强筋小麦品种郑麦366和中筋小麦品种洛旱2号为材料,采用盆栽和人工气候室模拟的方法,研究了花后不同时段(灌浆前期即花后5 d,灌浆中期即花后15 d)和持续时间(处理2 d和4 d)的高温胁迫对籽粒氨基酸含量和积累量(以单粒中氨基酸含量表示)的影响。结果显示:(1)高温胁迫显著增加了小麦籽粒中必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NAA)和总氨基酸(TAA)含量,但降低了其积累量和EAA/TAA,2品种表现一致;(2)灌浆前期高温胁迫对2品种籽粒氨基酸含量的影响大于灌浆中期,而对氨基酸积累量的影响则相反;(3)高温持续时间对籽粒氨基酸含量的影响在2品种间存在差异,洛旱2号籽粒赖氨酸、EAA、NAA和TAA含量均随高温持续时间的延长显著增加,而郑麦366籽粒中上述指标仅在高温胁迫4 d下较对照增加显著;(4)从受高温胁迫的影响看,籽粒EAA/TAA对高温时段更敏感,而氨基酸含量表现为更易受高温持续时间的影响;(5)高温时段与持续时间的互作效应体现在:灌浆前期籽粒氨基酸积累量2品种均以高温胁迫4 d的影响最大,而灌浆中期则均以高温2 d的降幅最大。上述结果表明,小麦籽粒氨基酸及其组分对高温胁迫的响应不仅在品种间存在差异,且受高温时段和持续时间的影响。     

施氮对不同品种冬小麦氮素累积和运转的影响

在鄂北岗地以当地主栽的5个冬小麦品种‘鄂麦14'、‘鄂麦18'、‘鄂麦23'、‘郑麦9023'、和‘洛麦1号'为试验材料,通过田间裂区试验在不施氮(0 kg/hm2)和施氮(195 kg/hm2)条件下研究不同品种小麦氮素的累积、转移与分配规律的差异.结果表明:(1)在扬花期,不施氮处理叶片、茎鞘和穗部氮素累积量均为‘鄂麦14' 最大,积累量分别达到14.2 、16.6 和10.8 kg/hm2;施氮后‘鄂麦23' 的叶片氮素积累量最大(71.5 kg/hm2),‘鄂麦14' 的茎鞘积累量最大(69.0 kg/hm2),‘鄂麦18'的穗部积累量最大(34.2 kg/hm2).(2)成熟后不同部位氮素转移效率表现为叶片>穗>茎鞘,且叶、茎鞘、穗氮素转移效率存在品种差异;不同品种间氮肥效率差异显著,并以‘鄂麦23'的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率最高,而‘郑麦9023'的氮肥生理效率最高.(3)在氮胁迫条件下,扬花前‘鄂麦14'各器官氮素累积量、成熟期的氮素转移率及籽粒氮素累积量都显著高于其它品种;而在施氮条件下,冬小麦各器官氮素的累积、转移与分配因品种不同而异,‘鄂麦14'和‘鄂麦23'籽粒及植株氮素累积量都显著高于其它品种.研究发现,冬小麦氮素的累积、转移与分配受品种与氮素调控共同影响;施氮能显著提高各器官氮素的累积量,且提高的幅度因品种而异.     

水分和氮源类型对小麦根际土壤酶活性和氮素利用效率的影响

本研究以‘郑麦366'(强筋)和‘百农207'(中筋)两个小麦品种为试验材料,分别在全生育期不灌水(W₁)和拔节+抽穗灌两水(W₂)条件下,研究了氯化铵(NT₁)、硝酸钙(NT₂)、尿素(NT₃)和硝酸铵钙(NT₄)4种氮源类型对小麦土壤供氮能力、产量和氮素利用效率的影响,以期为小麦高产高效生产提供理论和技术支撑。结果表明: 1)随着土层深度的增加,开花期土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量呈下降趋势。在W₂条件下,0～60 cm土层铵态氮、硝态氮含量,根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均低于相应W₁条件下,其中强筋小麦郑麦366平均分别下降10.0%、13.3%、7.5%、2.8%和3.9%。2)两个小麦品种0～60 cm土层铵态氮含量均表现为在NT₁和NT₃处理下显著高于其他处理;而硝态氮含量则在NT₂和NT₃处理下显著高于其他处理。与NT₁和NT₂处理相比,NT₃和NT₄提高了灌浆中、后期土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。3)两个小麦品种在NT₃和NT₄处理下籽粒产量和氮素利用效率较高;其中在W₂条件下,郑麦366在NT₃和NT₄处理下的产量较NT₁处理分别增加14.9%和20.7%,NUE分别增加25.6%和13.9%。4)相关分析结果表明, 0～20 cm土壤硝态氮含量、20～40 cm土壤铵态氮含量分别与小麦产量、氮素利用效率呈显著正相关。两种水分条件下,施用尿素和硝酸铵钙均提高了灌浆中、后期根际土壤酶活性,有利于籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的提高。     

水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响

以生产上广泛使用的水稻(Oryza sativa)品种‘汕优63’、‘扬稻6号’和‘武育粳3号’为材料,研究了水分胁迫对结实期水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响。结果表明:正常施氮水平下,花后10~20 d的水分胁迫提高了谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthetase,GS)和谷氨酸合酶(Glutamate synthase,GOGAT)活性,提高了籽粒自身利用无机氮合成氨基酸的能力,从而利于籽粒内蛋白质的积累,而高氮水平下,水分胁迫降低了籽粒自身合成氨基酸的能力。以重量为基数的蛋白质含有率在整个灌浆过程中呈“V”型消长,正常施氮水平下,水分胁迫明显提高了花后15 d至成熟期蛋白质含有率,而高氮水平下,水分胁迫处理的蛋白质含有率明显低于水层灌溉。与水层灌溉相比,水分胁迫提高了正常施氮水平下精米中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,但却明显降低了高氮水平下精米中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量。水分胁迫对稻米中赖氨酸含量的影响因品种、植株的氮营养水平的不同而不同,水分胁迫显著降低了两种氮肥水平下‘汕优63’中赖氨酸含量,但却明显提高‘扬稻6号’中赖氨酸含量;而‘武育粳3号’于两种氮肥水平下表现恰好相反,正常施氮水平下赖氨酸含量略有升高;而高氮水平下赖氨酸含量明显降低。     

花后高温对持绿型小麦叶片衰老及籽粒淀粉合成相关酶的影响

试验选用持绿型冬小麦(Triticum aestivum) ‘豫麦66’ (‘Ym66’)和‘潍麦8号’ (‘Wm8’)为研究材料, 以当地生产上起主导作用的冬小麦品种‘小偃22’ (‘XY22’)和‘小偃6号’ (‘XY6’)为对照。花后用塑料薄膜搭建成增温棚进行高温处理, 测定各品种绿叶数目、叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量及叶片细胞膜透性, 并研究籽粒灌浆成熟期高温对持绿型小麦籽粒淀粉合成相关酶及粒重的影响。结果表明, 高温处理后, 各品种的绿叶数目和叶绿素含量都减少, MDA含量和膜透性都增加, 说明高温加速了小麦叶片衰老。同时, 各品种籽粒中与淀粉合成相关的酶(蔗糖合成酶(SS)和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS))活性都低于正常生长下的籽粒中的酶活性, 其中高温对籽粒SS和AGPP活性的影响不显著,而对籽粒SSS活性的影响显著(p = 0.015)。品种间比较, 持绿型小麦在两种处理下, 都表现出较多的绿叶数目和较高的叶绿素含量; 且3种与淀粉合成相关的酶活性也都高于非持绿型小麦, 说明持绿型小麦酶活性受高温抑制程度较小。相关性分析表明, 所有品种籽粒SS、AGPP、SSS活性都与籽粒灌浆速率成极显著的正相关(相关系数r分别为0.905、0.419和0.801)。因而, 持绿型小麦不仅具有较好的持绿特性, 而且籽粒中与淀粉合成相关的3种酶活性都较高, 这有利于其籽粒淀粉的合成, 从而增加籽粒产量。     

不同施肥水平对不同品种小麦籽粒蛋白质和地上器官游离氨基酸含量的影响

研究了小麦不同品种开花后各地上器官游离氨基酸含量的变化动态及其与籽粒蛋白质含量的关系,以及氮素营养的调节作用。结果表明,小麦叶片和颖壳十穗轴游离氨基酸含量均在开花后持续增加,至花后14d达到最大值,之后开始下降。茎和叶鞘游离氨基酸含量则在开花后上升较缓慢,至花后21d达最大值。籽粒游离氨基酸含量一般在开花后就持续降低。各地上器官游离氨基酸含量与成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量均呈显著或极显著正相关,说明源器宫中游离氨基酸供应充足,有利于籽粒蛋白质积累。增施氮肥能够提高各地上器官中的游离氨基酸含量,进而促进籽粒蛋白质的合成,提高籽粒蛋白质含量。品种之间籽粒蛋白质含量的差异,是由各地上营养器官向籽粒运输氨基酸的综合作用所造成的。     

氮素形态对小麦花后不同器官内源激素含量的影响

采用盆栽方法,研究了酰胺态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮对小麦(Triticum aestivum)花后根系、旗叶和籽粒内源激素IAA、GA₃、ABA和ZR含量的影响。结果表明,小麦不同器官的内源激素含量对3种氮素形态的响应不同。氮素形态调节籽粒灌浆是通过根系、旗叶和籽粒中内源激素的协同作用而实现的。酰胺态氮与硝态氮处理相比,小麦花后5~15 d,旗叶GA₃含量、籽粒IAA和ABA含量较高,籽粒灌浆速率(Grain-filling rate, GFR)较高;花后15~25 d,根系GA₃含量、旗叶IAA和GA₃含量、籽粒ABA含量较高,籽粒IAA含量较低,GFR较低。铵态氮与硝态氮处理相比,小麦花后5 d,籽粒ZR含量较高;花后15 d前后,籽粒IAA、ABA含量较低,GFR较低;花后20~25 d,根系ZR、GA₃含量较低,旗叶IAA、GA₃含量较低,ABA含量较高,籽粒ABA、GA₃含量较低,IAA含量较高,GFR较高。铵态氮比硝态氮处理的小麦籽粒粒重显著增加。铵态氮和酰胺态氮处理比硝态氮处理增产显著。建议在‘豫麦49’施肥时,使用铵态氮或酰胺态氮并配施硝化抑制剂。     

不同类型土壤上种植的不同面筋含量冬小麦品种灌浆期间籽粒中淀粉分支酶活性变化

种植在粘土、壤土和沙土中的3个面筋含量高、中、低的冬小麦品种灌浆期间籽粒中淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性变化均呈单峰曲线,开花后20 d达到峰值.面筋含量高的品种在粘土和沙土上种植的SBE活性较高,而面筋含量中等和较低的品种在粘土和壤土中种植的SBE活性较高.     

Effects of waterlogging and drought on winter wheat and winter barley grown on a clay and a sandy loam soil

Summary The effects of winter waterlogging and a subsequent drought on the growth of winter barley and winter wheat have been examined. We used lysimeters containing soil monoliths with facilities to control the water table and a mobile shelter to control rainfall. Winter wheat was grown on a clay and on a sandy loam, but winter barley only on the clay soil. Lysimeters were either freely-drained during the winter or waterlogged with the water table 10 cm below the soil surface from 2 December until 31 March (that could occur by rainfall with a return period of 2 to 3 years). The lysimeters then were either irrigated so that the soil moisture deficit did not exceed 84 mm, or subjected to drought by limiting rainfall (equivalent to a 1 in 10 dry year in the driest area of England) so that the deficits reached maximum values of 150 mm in the clay and 159 mm in the sandy loam by harvest.Winter waterlogging restricted tillering and restricted the number of ears for all crops; grain yield of the winter barley was decreased by 219 g/m² (30%), and that of winter wheat by 170 g/m² (24%) and 153 g/m² (21% on the clay and sandy loam respectively.The drought treatment reduced the straw weight of winter barley by 75 g/m² (12%) but did not significantly depress the grain yield. For winter wheat on the clay, where the soil was freely-drained during the winter, drought depressed total shoot weight by 344 g/m² (17%) and grain weight by 137 g/m² (17%), but after winter waterlogging, drought did not further depress total or grain weight. In contrast, the winter wheat on the sandy loam was not significantly affected by drought.From these results, which are discussed in relation to other experiments in the United Kingdom, it seems that winter waterlogging is likely to cause more variation in the yield of winter barley and winter wheat than drought.     

Crop uptake and leaching losses of15N labelled fertilizer nitrogen in relation to waterlogging of clay and sandy loam soils

Summary Ammonium nitrate fertilizer, labelled with¹⁵N, was applied in spring to winter wheat growing in undisturbed monoliths of clay and sandy loam soil in lysimeters; the rates of application were respectively 95 and 102 kg N ha⁻¹ in the spring of 1976 and 1975. Crops of winter wheat, oilseed rape, peas and barley grown in the following 5 or 6 years were treated with unlabelled nitrogen fertilizer at rates recommended for maximum yields. During each year of the experiments the lysimeters were divided into treatments which were either freelydrained or subjected to periods of waterlogging. Another labelled nitrogen application was made in 1980 to a separate group of lysimeters with a clay soil and a winter wheat crop to study further the uptake of nitrogen fertilizer in relation to waterlogging. In the first growing season, shoots of the winter wheat at harvest contained 46 and 58% of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to the clay and sandy loam soils respectively. In the following year the crops contained a further 1–2% of the labelled fertilizer, and after 5 and 6 years the total recoveries of labelled fertilizer in the crops were 49 and 62% on the clay and sandy loam soils respectively. In the first winter after the labelled fertilizer was applied, less than 1% of the fertilizer was lost in the drainage water, and only about 2% of the total nitrogen (mainly nitrate) in the drainage water from both soils was derived from the fertilizer. Maximum annual loss occurred the following year but the proportion of tracer nitrogen in drainage was nevertheless smaller. Leaching losses over the 5 and 6 years from the clay and sandy loam soil were respectively 1.3 and 3.9% of the original application. On both soils the percentage of labelled nitrogen to the total crop nitrogen content was greater after a period of winter waterlogging than for freely-drained treatments. This was most marked on the clay soil; evidence points to winter waterlogging promoting denitrification and the consequent loss of soil nitrogen making the crop more dependent on spring fertilizer applications.     

Host-parasite Interactions of Pratylenchus scribneri on Selected Crop Plants

Greenhouse tests were conducted to determine the effects of soil temperature and texture on development of Pratylenchus scribneri and the pathogenicity and reproductive rates of this nematode on selected crop plants. In a sandy loam soil, greatest numbers of P. scribneri were found at 30 and 35 C on sudangrass and sugarbeet, respectively. In a silty clay loam, the nematode reproduced best at 35 C on sugarbeet. Higher populations of P. scribneri were found in the sandy loam than silty clay loam soil at corresponding temperatures. In a pathogenicity test, top and root growth of sudangrass and barley were suppressed by the nematode, whereas no significant growth inhibition was found on wheat and alfalfa. Tests with other vegetable and field crops indicated wide variance in nematode reproduction.     

不同质地土壤对花生根系生长、分布和产量的影响

为了探究土壤类型与花生(Arachis hypogaea)根系生长及产量之间的关系, 采用箱栽的方法, 研究了不同质地土壤(砂土、壤土、黏土)对花生根系生长、分布和产量的影响。砂土和壤土中花生根系干物质重各时期均显著高于黏土中, 但生育后期黏土中花生根系干物质重比壤土和砂土下降相对较慢。从不同类型土壤质地根系分布及根系活力来看, 黏土根系主要分布在上层土壤, 但上层土壤根系活力后期下降慢; 砂土有利于花生根系向深层土壤生长, 但上层土壤根系活力后期下降快; 而壤土对花生根系生长和活力时空分布的影响介于黏土和砂土之间。砂土有利于花生荚果的膨大, 且花生荚果干物质积累早而快, 但后期荚果干物质重积累少; 壤土的花生荚果干物质积累中后期多, 黏土则在整个生育期均不利于花生荚果干物质积累。最终荚果产量、籽仁产量和有效果数均表现为壤土最大、砂土次之、黏土最小。研究表明通气性和保肥保水能力居中的壤土更适合花生的根系生长发育及产量的形成。     

黄土高原不同土壤质地农田土壤碳、氮、磷及团聚体分布特征

结合野外观测和室内分析,研究了黄土高原不同土壤质地农田土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态计量学特征,以及土壤团聚体分布状况,以揭示土壤质地对区域农田土壤肥力的影响,以及土壤团聚体对肥力的调控作用.结果表明: 黄土高原农田土壤大团聚体含量、主要养分含量及其生态计量比值均随土壤质地由细变粗(壤质黏土→黏壤土→砂质壤土)逐渐降低;土壤pH值和微团聚体含量则呈现出相反的变化趋势. 随土壤黏粒含量增加,大团聚体含量、有机碳、全氮和全磷含量,以及C/P和N/P显著增加,土壤pH和微团聚体含量显著降低. 土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量,以及C/P和N/P随大团聚体含量的增加显著增加.表明区域尺度上农田土壤肥力状况取决于土壤质地,并受土壤大团聚体的调节.     

The growth of cereals under soil conditions characteristic of an unstable tilth

Summary In a series of experiments with winter cereals growing in pots, mechanical compaction of moist soil over wheat seed severely inhibited germination — no plants emerged from a compacted sandy loam soil. Conversely, the destruction of the surface tilth by falling water drops had no effect on the rate of emergence of either wheat or oats.Tillered wheat plants, growing at winter temperatures, survived prolonged adverse conditions of soil aeration.     

Soil Texture and Cultivar Effects on Rice (Oryza sativa,L.) Grain Yield,Yield Components and Water Productivity in Three Water Regimes

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of water regime/soil condition (continuous flooding, saturated, and aerobic), cultivar (‘Cocodrie’ and ‘Rondo’), and soil texture (clay and sandy loam) on rice grain yield, yield components and water productivity using a greenhouse trial. Rice grain yield was significantly affected by soil texture and the interaction between water regime and cultivar. Significantly higher yield was obtained in continuous flooding than in aerobic and saturated soil conditions but the latter treatments were comparable to each other. For Rondo, its grain yield has decreased with soil water regimes in the order of continuous flooding, saturated and aerobic treatments. The rice grain yield in clay soil was 46% higher than in sandy loam soil averaged across cultivar and water regime. Compared to aerobic condition, saturated and continuous flooding treatments had greater panicle numbers. In addition, panicle number in clay soil was 25% higher than in sandy loam soil. The spikelet number of Cocodrie was 29% greater than that of Rondo, indicating that rice cultivar had greater effect on spikelet number than soil type and water management. Water productivity was significantly affected by the interaction of water regime and cultivar. Compared to sandy loam soil, clay soil was 25% higher in water productivity. Our results indicated that cultivar selection and soil texture are important factors in deciding what water management option to practice.     

极端晚播对小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

为探索小麦高产高效优质生产技术途径,指导小麦晚播生产实践,2012年10月—2014年6月,以弱春性小麦偃展4110和半冬性小麦矮抗58为材料进行连续2年的田间定位试验,设置了常规适播(10月中旬、240万株·hm^-2)和极端晚播(11月中旬、600万株·hm^-2)两种栽培模式,研究了极端晚播对0～40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量、小麦氮素吸收利用、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素吸收效率的影响.结果表明: 与常规适播处理相比,两个生长季极端晚播处理均使拔节和开花期0～40 cm土壤硝态氮含量显著提高,从而促进拔节后小麦植株氮素吸收积累,成熟期穗部氮素的分配比例也得到提高,最终显著提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和偃展4110的蛋白质产量、氮素吸收效率,但对籽粒产量的影响因品种而异.其中,极端晚播处理使偃展4110的籽粒产量显著提高,而矮抗58的籽粒产量却显著降低.因此,极端晚播栽培模式可维持小麦拔节后的土壤氮供应,有利于提高小麦氮素吸收效率,从而提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,是灌区小麦高产优质的有效途径之一.     

Effect of soil texture and its organic content on the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (MIAU 145 C) in controlling Meloidogyne javanica and stimulating the growth of kidney beans

The efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum (MIAU 145 C) in promoting kidney bean (cv. Goli) growth in different soil texture (sandy loam, loam and clay loam) and organic matter content (0.5 and 2% of leaf litter) was assessed in a factorial experiment in the absence of Meloidogyne javanica. In another factorial experiment, the effect of soil texture, soil organic content and control measure (no control, 10?ml of T. harzianum containing 10⁶ spore ml^?1 and 2?mg ai cadusafos kg^?1 soil) was determined on nematode-infected kidney bean’s growth, fungus controlling activity and M. javanica reproduction. Except for the shoot length, the fungus improved plant growth. Clay loam was not a proper soil type for the cultivation of kidney bean plants (even in the soil without nematode), but the plant grew better in sandy loam and loam soil. The presence of leaf litter in the soil enhanced plant growth, increased fungal efficiency and increased nematode reproduction. It seems that T. harzianum can activate the plant defence system in sandy loam soil. T. harzianum was more effective in sandy loam or loam soil containing 2% organic matter (leaf litter) and reduced the reproduction factor of the nematode in the tested soil textures equally to the chemical nematicide treatment.