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51.
Heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) analysis: a method for developing near-isogenic lines that differ at quantitative trait loci 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
M. R. Tuinstra G. Ejeta P. B. Goldsbrough 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):1005-1011
Abtract Analysis of near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ at quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be an effective approach for the
detailed mapping and characterization of individual loci. Although NILs are useful for genetic and physiological studies,
the time and effort required to develop these lines have limited their use. Here we describe a procedure to identify NILs
for any region of the genome that can be analyzed with molecular or other genetic markers. The procedure utilizes molecular
markers to identify heterogeneous inbred families (HIFs) that segregate for a genomic region of interest. Each HIF is isogenic
at the majority of loci in the genome, but NILs differing for markers linked to QTL of interest can be extracted from segregating
families. The application of this procedure is described for two QTL associated with seed weight in sorghum. A population
of 98 HIFs was screened with two RAPD markers from different linkage groups that were associated with seed weight. Three segregating
families were identified for each marker. The progeny of these HIFs were characterized for the segregation of seed weight
and other yield components and for markers flanking each QTL. NILs derived from each HIF had significantly different seed
weights confirming the presence of at least two loci that influence seed weight in sorghum.
Received: 16 September 1996 / Accepted: 25 April 1997 相似文献
52.
Toshinori Nagaoka Ken-ichi Umezu Kenji Kouno Satoshi Yoshida Yukio Ishiguro Tadao Ando 《Plant Growth Regulation》1996,20(3):295-302
Water extracts of the compost produced from activated sludge and coffee residue were found to be selectively inhibitory to seed germination of some legumes. Germination rate of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were reduced to 2, 29 and 73% of the control, respectively, by water extracts of the compost (20 g l–1). However, the extracts did not show any inhibition to seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench), African millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.) at the same concentration. The inhibitors in the compost extracts were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the inhibitory activities of seed germination were tested with white clover seeds. Five inhibitors were isolated and identified as 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid (3,4-DCP), 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (3,4-DCB), 3,4,5-trichlorophenylacetic acid, 3,4,5-trichlorobenzoic acid and mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate by 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The inhibitory activities of some authentic chemicals of the inhibitors and the related compounds were compared. The results indicated that the main inhibitor in the compost could be 3,4-DCB, which was contained at the concentration of 6.58 mg kg–1 compost and showed the strongest inhibitory effect on seed germination of white clover among the tested compounds. 相似文献
53.
Enhanced plant regeneration in grain and sweet sorghum by asparagine,proline and cefotaxime 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Summary Cefotaxime ( 50 and 100 mg/1 ), a cephalosporin antibiotic and the amino acids asparagine and proline (200 mg/l) enhanced the production of embryogenic callus, increased the frequency of plant regeneration, and delayed the loss of regeneration potential in immature embryo-derived callus cultures ofSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Although these compounds did not promote callus induction or growth of callus, they influenced plant regeneration considerably in 10 low responding genotypes of grain and high anthocyanin containing sweet sorghums. 相似文献
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在缺钾培养条件下,高粱苗地上部单位鲜重含钾量由于地上部鲜重的增加而下降。从高梁苗钾缺乏症出现的时间、频率和程度来看,Pro培养似乎有利于缓和或减轻缺钾对植物造成的伤害。在同样含钾量情况下,以Ca(NO_3)_2为氮源的苗受到缺钾伤害要重于以Pro为氮源的苗受到的伤害,其钾缺乏症植株的百分数增加值与含钾量降低值之比为0.26,以Pro为氮源的缺钾营养液培养的苗为0.09,即下降同样量的钾前者苗的钾缺乏症的增加要大大地超过后者。Pro并不减轻在缺钾情况下叶绿素含量的下降。 相似文献
58.
Summary The effects of P and Mn on growth response and uptake of Fe, Mn and P by grain sorghum were investigated using nutrient culture. High P and Mn concentrations in solution (greater than 40 and 1 mg/l for P and Mn, respectively) markedly reduced plant height and shoot and root dry weight of 4-week-old sorghum plants. High Mn concentrations in solution increased the concentrations of Mn and P in shoot tissue and uptake of Mn, but depressed the uptake of P. High levels of P enhanced Mn uptake by sorghum and accentuated Mn toxicity at low Mn levels. The tissue Fe and total uptake of Fe were both reduced markedly by the high levels of P and Mn concentrations in solution. The increases of P, Mn and Fe concentrations in root tissue with a concomitant decrease of Fe in shoots suggested that the translocation of Fe from roots to shoots was hindered under high P and Mn conditions. Since coating occurred on root surfaces and intensified with increasing Mn concentrations in the substrate, part of the reduction of Fe in shoots could be attributed to the formation of high valent manganese oxides on the root surfaces which may retain Fe and reduce its absorption by sorghum.Contribution from the Department of Agronomy and Range Sci., University of California, Davis, CA. 相似文献
59.
Dr. D. P. Tripathi S. L. Mehta Professor Dr. N. G. P. Rao 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1981,59(2):113-116
Summary Amino acid composition of proteins from anthers of milo and Indian origin male steriles were determined. Comparison of amino acid between A and B lines showed lower contents of histidine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine and phenylalanine and higher contents of alanine, serine, proline and tyrosine in line A compared to line B. Alanine content in anthers of A lines was more than two fold higher than that in the anthers from B lines. Marked differences in amino acid composition of anthers of A and B lines are suggestive of their involvement in male sterility. Cytoplasmic male steriles of Indian origin M35-1A and M31-2A showed greater similarity but differed from milo, VZM2A and B. 相似文献
60.
杨景峰 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1992,34(5):352-359
以高粱(Sorghum bicolor)和大豆(U.S.Soybean)幼苗为材料研究了仅植物很部受到热刺激时,其未直接受到温度影响的叶组织细胞的反应。当13天龄的高粱幼苗根部经受45℃4小时热处理时,发现其未直接受到热刺激的叶细胞内合成了一些异常的蛋白质,估测的分子量分别为80kD、70kD、33kD和17kD。最明显的两条蛋白质谱带是70kD和17kD。6天龄的大豆幼苗,当其根部经受40℃3小时热处理时,在其叶细胞内也检测到两条较为明显的蛋白质谱带,其分子量分别为60kD和17kD。观测到的这些异常蛋白质命名为‘热应激效应蛋白’,并与热应激蛋白在分子量大小分布上进行了比较。另外,还报道了利用蛋白质合成抑制剂,亚胺环己酮(cyclohexlmide)探讨了热应激蛋白与植物热耐性方面的可能关联。 相似文献