Comparative study of the transfection efficiency of commonly used viral vectors in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brains

Viral vector transfection systems are among the simplest of biological agents with the ability to transfer genes into the central nervous system.In brain research,a series of powerful and novel gene editing technologies are based on these systems.Although many viral vectors are used in rodents,their full application has been limited in non-human primates.To identify viral vectors that can stably and effectively express exogenous genes within nonhuman primates,eleven commonly used recombinant adeno-associated viral and lentiviral vectors,each carrying a gene to express green or red fluorescence,were injected into the parietal cortex of four rhesus monkeys.The expression of fluorescent cells was used to quantify transfection efficiency.Histological results revealed that recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors,especially the serotype 2/9 coupled with the cytomegalovirus,human synapsin Ⅰ,or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ promoters,and lentiviral vector coupled with the human ubiquitin C promoter,induced higher expression of fluorescent cells,representing high transfection efficiency.This is the first comparison of transfection efficiencies of different viral vectors carrying different promoters and serotypes in non-human primates (NHPs).These results can be used as an aid to select optimal vectors to transfer exogenous genes into the central nervous system of non-human primates.     

利用慢病毒载体观察microRNA-194对人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS生物学特性的影响

目的：通过构建携带针对microRNA-194的shRNA载体及过表达载体,包装慢病毒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS,改变细胞内microRNA-194基因的表达水平,研究microRNA-194对细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响,为探索microRNA-194作为骨肉瘤生物治疗的新靶点提供理论和实验依据。方法：PCR扩增pri-miR-194及miR-194-5成熟体,克隆于慢病毒载体plent-i GFP中,转染大肠杆菌感受态细胞,收获并浓缩慢病毒颗粒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS。进行MTT,流式,平板克隆等试验。结果：1.重组慢病毒表达质粒构建正确,过表达及抑制过表达重组慢病毒的滴度分别为1.5×108TU/ml及4×108TU/ml;2.microRNA-194过表达的人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS细胞增殖速度,凋亡率及细胞周期相较于其它实验组都有明显变化（P〈0.01）。结论：成功构建了microRNA-194过表达及抑制过表达慢病毒表达载体;miR-194的表达水平对U2-OS细胞的增殖和凋亡造成显著影响。microRNA-194可能成为骨肉瘤治疗的潜在新靶点,但该基因对骨肉瘤发生发展的作用及其机制尚待进一步研究。     

大鼠脂肪基质细胞成脂分化及慢病毒感染的实验研究

目的诱导大鼠脂肪基质细胞成脂分化,观察慢病毒感染效果。方法大鼠脂肪基质细胞培养至第3代后,间接免疫荧光法鉴定细胞表面抗原CD44,并采用MTT法绘制生长曲线;第3代基质细胞成脂诱导分化为脂肪细胞,油红O染色法鉴定,并行慢病毒感染。结果第3代脂肪基质细胞表面抗原CD44表达呈阳性;细胞生长曲线呈"S"形。细胞经成脂诱导分化剂诱导10d后,胞内有大量脂滴形成,脂滴大小不等。油红O染色显示脂滴被染成红色;携带GFP报告基因的慢病毒可感染成熟脂肪细胞,感染率约为80%,且细胞被感染后状态良好。结果 慢病毒可高效感染由大鼠脂肪基质细胞成脂诱导分化成的脂肪细胞,为研究脂肪细胞的基因功能、相关疾病的基因治疗提供了一个有效工具。     

Identification of conserved lentiviral sequences as landmarks of genomic flexibility

Considering that recombinations produce quasispecies in lentivirus spreading, we identified and localized highly conserved sequences that may play an important role in viral ontology. Comparison of entire genomes, including 237 human, simian and non-primate mammal lentiviruses and 103 negative control viruses, led to identify 28 Conserved Lentiviral Sequences (CLSs). They were located mainly in the structural genes forming hot spots particularly in the gag and pol genes and to a lesser extent in LTRs and regulatory genes. The CLS pattern was the same throughout the different HIV-1 subtypes, except for some HIV-1-O strains. Only CLS 3 and 4 were detected in both negative control HTLV-1 oncornaviruses and D-particle-forming simian viruses, which are not immunodeficiency inducers and display a genetic stability. CLSs divided the virus genomes into domains allowing us to distinguish sequence families leading to the notion of 'species self' besides that of 'lentiviral self'. Most of acutely localized CLSs in HIV-1s (82%) corresponded to wide recombination segments being currently reported.     

Synergistic Effects of Interleukin-7 and Pre-T Cell Receptor Signaling in Human T Cell Development

The role of IL-7 in pre-T cell receptor (TCR) signaling during human T cell development is poorly understood. To study this, we engineered Molt3, a T cell progenitor T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, using lentiviral IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) to serve as a model system. IL-7 promoted pre-TCR activation in IL-7Rα^hi Molt3 as illustrated by CD25 up-regulation after anti-CD3 stimulation. Anti-CD3 treatment activated Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways as proven using specific inhibitors, and IL-7 further enhanced both signaling pathways. The close association of IL-7Rα with CD3ζ in the pre-TCR complex was illustrated through live imaging confocal fluorescence microscopy. These results demonstrate a direct and cooperative role of IL-7 in pre-TCR signaling.     

过表达miR-153非小细胞肺癌细胞稳转株的构建及鉴定

目的:构建过表达miR-153的非小细胞肺癌的稳转细胞株,为进一步探讨miR-153在肺癌发生发展中的作用奠定基础。方法:构建具有嘌呤霉素抗性的miR-153慢病毒载体;体外培养非小细胞肺癌细胞系SPC-A-1和A549,加入浓度梯度的嘌呤霉素溶液,筛选出最佳浓度;使用慢病毒转染细胞株,并在转染72 h后用荧光显微镜检测绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的表达,评价转染效率;体外实验使用PCR检测miR-153在稳转株的表达;稳转株移植裸鼠体内成瘤,取出瘤体后检测瘤体内EGFP和miR-153的表达。结果:完成过表达miR-153慢病毒载体及阴性对照载体的构建;确定嘌呤霉素最佳筛选浓度:在SPC-A-1细胞中的浓度为2.0 g/mL,A549细胞中的浓度为3.0 g/mL;目的基因miR-153被慢病毒成功导入SPC-A-1细胞和A549细胞中,荧光显微镜下能直接观察到EGFP。转染miR-153组和阴性对照组的PCR实验结果显示:在SPC-A-1细胞中,miR-153的表达量为92.9±20.6,明显高于阴性对照组(P=0.016);在A549细胞中,miR-153的表达量为2624.6±153.4,显著高于阴性对照组(P0.001)。稳转株能在裸鼠体内形成移植瘤,瘤体内明显有EGFP的表达;与阴性对照组的瘤体相比,移植瘤组miR-153的表达量为显著上调(P=0.048)。结论:成功构建过表达miR-153的非小细胞肺癌的稳转细胞株。     

Highly conserved structural properties of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein despite substantial sequence variation among diverse clades: implications for functions in viral replication

Although the HIV-1 Env gp120 and gp41 ectodomain have been extensively characterized in terms of structure and function, similar characterizations of the C-terminal tail (CTT) of HIV gp41 remain relatively limited and contradictory. The current study was designed to examine in detail CTT sequence conservation relative to gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain and to examine the conservation of predicted physicochemical and structural properties across a number of divergent HIV clades and groups. Results demonstrate that CTT sequences display intermediate levels of sequence evolution and diversity in comparison to the more diverse gp120 and the more conserved gp41 ectodomain. Despite the relatively high level of CTT sequence variation, the physicochemical properties of the lentivirus lytic peptide domains (LLPs) within the CTT are evidently highly conserved across clades/groups. Additionally, predictions using PEP-FOLD indicate a high level of structural similarity in the LLP regions that was confirmed by circular dichroism measurements of secondary structure of LLP peptides from clades B, C, and group O. Results demonstrate that LLP peptides adopt helical structure in the presence of SDS or trifluoroethanol but are predominantly unstructured in aqueous buffer. Thus, these data for the first time demonstrate strong conservations of characteristic CTT physicochemical and structural properties despite substantial sequence diversity, apparently indicating a delicate balance between evolutionary pressures and the conservation of CTT structure and associated functional roles in virus replication.     

慢病毒载体介导GHRH基因在小鼠肌肉组织表达及对动物生长的影响

人与动物体内生长激素受生长激素释放激素(Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone,GHRH)与生长激素抑制激素(Somatostatin,SST)两种因子共同调节,在体内表达外源GHRH,可以提高体内GH基础水平,进而达到促进体内GH释放,加速动物生长的效果.对慢病毒载体系统加以改造,使之成为C...     

LIM结构域蛋白FHL1C抑制Notch信号途径的转录激活研究

目的：克隆人表达FHL1C基因以及建立真核表达载体和慢病毒载体。方法：从人的骨骼肌细胞来源的cDNA中扩增并克隆人FHL1C基因的编码区,连接至pMD-18T载体酶切鉴定后测序。序列测定确认后,双酶切pMD18T-FHL1C回收片段,插入真核表达载体,构建真核表达载体pCMV-Myc-FHL1C酶切鉴定正确后,转染Hela细胞及Cos7细胞,用Western Blot检测其在转染细胞中的表达,用双荧光素报告基因系统检测其对Notch信号作用。构建FHL1C-IRES-GFP表达单元,建立慢病毒表达载体plen-ti6/V5-FHL1C-IRES-GFP,包装慢病毒后感染培养的细胞,用免疫荧光显微镜、Western Blot检测分析其在被感染的细胞中的表达。结果：通过PCR方法成功扩增了人FHL1C基因的编码区。通过转染Hela及Cos7细胞,使用Western Blot检测其蛋白水平表达,双荧光报告基因系统分析均能够下调激活的Notch信号。成功构建了FHL1C慢病毒表达载体pLenti6/V5-FHL1C-IRES-GFP,包装慢病毒,把获取的慢病毒感染细胞后通过荧光显微镜证实被感染的细胞绿色荧光蛋白正确表达,Western Blot检测证实其表达。结论：成功建立起FHL1C真核表达载体及慢病毒表达系统,为研究急性T淋巴细胞白血病与Notch信号转导通路之间的关系奠定了基础。