黑果蝇dlts品系的温度敏感时期及dlts基因多效影响的自主性研究

本文采用D.T.Suzuki的方法,研究了黑果蝇Drosophila virilis Sturt dl^ts品系的温度敏感时期和致死时期的相互关系。选择了31℃为限制温度,25℃为许可温度。对于成虫盘缺损的研究用了12个小时为一个脉冲或24个小时为一个脉冲的热处理,用扫描电镜技术辅助对成虫形态缺损的研究。对于成虫盘缺失和重复的关系主要在48小时为一个脉冲的热处理盘中进行,对dlts基因的表达采用了遗传嵌合性的研究,其结果如下：1两个不连续的温度敏感时态对致死的影响是在第1龄幼虫、第2龄幼虫、第3龄幼虫和进入蛹期后的10个小时。温度敏感时态和致死时态并不一致,而是先于致死时态几个小时。2温度敏感时态对成虫形态的影响是：触角的重复和复眼的缺失发生在第2龄和第3龄幼虫期。足关节融合及跗节和腿节的缩短发生在第3龄幼虫期,翅脉硬化主要发生在第3龄幼虫期即将结束进入前蛹期的这段时间。第3龄幼虫期是成虫盘发生缺陷比较集中的时期,可以明显见到足、复眼、翅和刚毛的缺陷,同源异型突变体也在这个时期发生。同源突变体的变化主要是足、触角片段及刚毛和触角片段的相互转移。3每一个成虫盘缺陷部有自己明显的特征,根据它们成虫盘的形态缺陷和热处理的时间性,所有的成虫盘缺陷变化都可以分为这样三类：缺失,重复,缺失和重复并存。4遗传镶嵌测试表明：dl^ts基因是自主表达的,且具有一定的时间、环境和组织的特殊性。     

环青海湖地区天然草地时序光谱特征参量分析

获取了环青海湖地区4类主要天然草地2003年5~10月共16个时相的地面高分辨率光谱数据,并利用植被指数技术、导数光谱技术、植被光谱维特征提取模型及包络线归一化技术提取了多个光谱特征参量,通过对各参量在生育期内分布规律的分析,给出了能较好地表征草地生长发育规律时序特征参量的具体分布;最后计算了4类天然草地各时序特征参量的平均散度,结果表明黄边位置λY、红边位置λV、红边斜率SV、绿峰半高宽wλG、红谷半高宽wλR、去包络红谷净面积AR'和归一化植被指数NDV I对于天然草地分类更有效。     

Effects of Nitrogen fertilisation and regrowth period on fatty acid concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Information on lipids in forages is scarce, and effects of nitrogen (N) application level and regrowth period on the fatty acid (FA) concentration and composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were studied. N was applied at 0, 45 and 100 kg ha^?1, and swards were cut after various regrowth periods, resulting in six treatments designed as randomised blocks with three replicates. The stages of development ranged from vegetative to elongating swards, with herbage yield levels from 1.9 to 4.2 t dry matter (DM) ha^?1. Concentrations of individual FA were determined by gas chromatography, and canopy characteristics and herbage quality were assessed. The treatments resulted in canopies with contrasting DM yields and protein concentrations. Five FAs, representing 98% of total FAs, were studied in detail. On an average, the concentration of these major FAs in fresh grass was 15.1 g kg^?1 DM, and 69% of the major FAs consisted of C18:3. Regrowth period affected (P < 0.05) the total FA concentration, and significantly (P < 0.01) lower concentrations of C18:3 and C16:1 were found after a longer period of regrowth. N application resulted in higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of all FAs. The FA composition was not affected by N application, but a longer regrowth period significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the proportion of C18:3 and increased those of C18:2 and C16:0. A strong, positive overall linear relation was found between the concentrations of total FAs and C18:3 with the crude protein concentration in the herbage. These studies demonstrate opportunities to affect the FA concentration and composition of FA in herbage through management strategies, which could affect milk FA composition.     

土壤水分对温室春黄瓜苗期生长与生理特性的影响

以津优1号黄瓜为试验材料．研究了土壤不同水分含量对温室春黄瓜苗期生长与生理特性的影响。结果表明,在土壤水分为田间持水量90％时．黄瓜幼苗长势健壮,茎粗大,根系活力强,叶绿素含量和光合速率高．与其它处理差异显著,说明土壤含水量过高或过低均不利于培育黄瓜壮苗。株高和叶面积随土壤含水量的升高而增加;细胞汁液浓度随土壤含水量的升高而降低．且对植株水分状况反应十分敏感,可以用来作为判断植株水分盈亏状况的生理指标。     

栽培川西獐牙菜中6种药用成分的测定方法和动态积累研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法对川西獐牙菜中6种药用成分不同生长期的含量进行了测定.色谱柱为Kro-masilC18 250mm×4.60mm,5μm ,流动相为甲醇-0.02%的磷酸水溶液,检测波长260nm.该方法具有很好的线性关系和回收率.结果显示,川西獐牙菜全草的最佳采收期为9月中旬 花果期 .     

鄂报春（Primula obconica Hance）亲缘地理学的初步研究

为了获得鄂报春（Primula obconica Hance）的种内亲缘地理学信息,对叶绿体基因组上非编码区trnL-trnF的序列变异进行了分析.获得的20个单倍型具有一定的地理分布结构.对这些单倍型进行系统发育分析,得到了三个主要分支：东部分支广泛分布于中国东南部、湖南、湖北、四川和云南;四川分支分布于四川西部;云南分支分布于云南西北部.东部分支分布面积较后两个分支大,并且在东部分支中可以发现一定的演化关系.结合古气候学和地质学信息,推测东部分支中现存的单倍型由冰期时气候变冷导致鄂报春快速迁移而形成,云南、四川分支中的单倍型可能是在各自的避难所中得以保存.同时本文也简要地探讨了鄂报春几个亚种之间的分类学关系.     

Less input same output: simplified approach for population size assessment in Lepidoptera

With the aim of creating a simplified sampling scheme that would retain the accuracy of standard mark–release–recapture (MRR) sampling, but at a greatly reduced cost, we analysed 23 capture–recapture data sets from spatially closed populations of six Lepidoptera species according to the constrained Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. Subsequently the relationships between the estimates of population parameters were investigated in order to develop a regression equation that would enable us to calculate seasonal population size without sampling the population throughout the entire flight period. The proportion of individuals flying at peak population was highly variable (CV=0.39), but the variation decreased considerably (CV=0.14) after different life span and flight period length were accounted for. Over 90% of the variance of this proportion was explained by the life span:flight period length ratio. Simulations of hypothetical sampling schemes proved that schemes covering the second and third quarter of the flight period performed much better than those restricted to the second quarter only. The accuracy of seasonal population size estimated with the regression equation developed was comparable for intensive schemes (daily sampling) and non-intensive ones (sampling once in 2 or 3 days). We propose a simplified method of surveying butterfly populations that should be based on checking the presence of flying adults at the beginning and end of the flight period to assess its length, and MRR sampling covering its middle part, with intervals between capture days corresponding to the average life span of investigated butterflies.     

福建柏开花与结实物候期的研究

福建柏1年2次花期,春花期4—5月,果期当年10月,种子无生活力;秋花期9～10月,果期翌年10月,种子有生活力,有效花期在秋季。开花结实的生物学及物候学特性与适生区的地点、地类、海拔、温度等地理气候因子紧密相关,总体变异规律：秋花期、球果成熟期、种子散落期山区比半山区早,半山区比丘陵区早,高海拔地区比低海拔地区早．发芽率山区〉半山区〉丘陵区。     

北京地区黑鹳越冬期的取食行为

2004年12月至2005年3月在北京十渡地区的二渡和涞水县野三坡两地采用目标取样法对越冬期黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)的取食行为进行了观察。每星期观察一次,累计观察246 h。黑鹳觅食处水深5~40 cm左右,以鱼类和螺类为食,其中鱼类占90%以上;平均每小时进食20次左右,黑鹳在两个研究地点取食的食物没有差别(P=0.439>0.05)。黑鹳取食长度小于4 cm的鱼类最多,占取食总次数的65.0%。成体和亚成体对不同大小鱼类的取食比例无差异(小于4 cm的鱼类,P=0.513>0.05;5~8 cm,P=0.979>0.05;≥9 cm,P=0.657>0.05)。在成体与亚成体对不同体型鱼类的搜寻时间中,成体搜寻较小食物的时间短于亚成体(P=0.008<0.05)。对食物的处理时间随着鱼类大小递增而延长,亚成体在处理较小食物上花费的时间相对较长(小于4 cm的鱼P=0.002<0.05;5~8cm的鱼P=0.001<0.05),表明亚成体的取食经验不足。保护越冬期黑鹳的最佳对策是减少对其取食活动和取食地的人为干扰。