海洋红酵母Y2发酵产类胡萝卜素条件的研究

目的 对海洋红酵母Y2高产类胡萝卜素的发酵条件进行优化.方法 在摇瓶条件下,研究培养基成分和培养条件对海洋红酵母Y2生长和类胡萝卜素合成的影响,同时进行海洋红酵母Y2发酵过程的动态分析.结果 海洋红酵母Y2优化培养基组合为葡萄糖45 g/L,蔗糖15 g/L,酵母粉5 g/L,蛋白胨2.5 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1 g/L,磷酸二氢钠3 g/L,硫酸镁7.5 g/L,氯化钾3 g/L,氯化钠5 g/L.最适培养参数为:温度20℃,培养基初始pH为5,接种量为10％,250 mL摇瓶装液量为10～50 mL.类胡萝卜素的合成主要集中在对数生长期和稳定期.海洋红酵母Y2最适收获时间为72 h.种龄以36 h为宜.结论 利用优化培养基,在最适条件下培养海洋红酵母Y2,类胡萝卜素产量达到4.97 mg/L,比基础培养基提高了60.32％.     

Long‐term preservation of a collection of Rhizoctonia solani using cryogenic storage

Rhizoctonia solani is an important plant pathogen for a number of crops and maintaining an extensive collection of reference isolates is important in understanding relationships of this pathogen with multiple hosts. Current long‐term storage methods typically call for frequent transfer increasing the risk of changes in morphological, physiological or virulence characteristics. Cryopreservation using storage in liquid nitrogen (LN) was evaluated to examine the potential for storage of a R. solani culture collection containing 106 isolates (primarily from sugar beet). Cultures were stored on autoclaved barley grains in the vapour phase of LN. After 60 days, 5 years and 10 years in storage, all isolates were tested for viability by calculating the percentage of barley grains from which R. solani mycelia grew. Five years after initial storage, all isolates except one had no change in viability. After 10 years in storage, 67 of 106 isolates had no significant decrease in viability, 39 of 106 isolates had a significant decrease in viability but only 9 isolates had less than 10% growth, with 4 having no growth. A subset of isolates stored for 10 years were tested for pathogenicity on a susceptible (FC901) and resistant (FC703) sugar beet germplasm. All isolates tested maintained approximately the same level of virulence that they had prior to storage on both germplasms. This indicates that cryogenic methods are suitable for the preservation or storage of R. solani culture collections, although efficacy may vary with individual isolates.     

冬虫夏草和中国被毛孢形态学再研究

产自甘肃省冬虫夏草主产区的冬虫夏草具有丰富的形态多样性,少教具有2-4个子座,个别子座叉状分枝.通过移栽培养,对冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis子座的发育过程进行了连续观察,并对子囊孢子的萌发及中国被毛孢Hirsutella sinensis的形态特征进行了再研究.观察到:在子囊孢子弹射期,子座可...     

普通荞麦植株茎段快速繁殖技术的研究

以普通养麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench）植株带节茎段为外植体,用正交设计法研究不同激素处理对荞麦腋芽、丛生芽和根的诱导及分化过程的影响,建立了荞麦离体培养快速繁殖技术。极差分析表明,6-BA是诱导荞麦茎段腋芽和根发育的主要因素,TDZ是诱导丛生芽的关键因素。诱导荞麦茎段腋芽发育的最佳培养基为：MS0＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L,腋芽诱导率为67．9％。其中,以第二、三节位的腋芽诱导率较高,达80％以上。诱导荞麦茎段丛生芽发育的最佳培养基为：MS0＋6-BA4．0mg／L＋TDZ0．06mg／L,丛芽分化率为166．7％。诱导生根的最佳培养基为：1／2MS0＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA1．0mg／L,生根率为82．8％。该组织培养技术的建立为养麦快速繁殖提供了新途径。     

Hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor promote spheroid formation in polyurethane foam/hepatocyte culture and improve expression and maintenance of albumin production

In our previous pre-clinical study with pig hepatic failure, an artificial liver with polyurethane foam (PUF)/primary porcine hepatocyte spheroids had superior curative effect. We examined the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, on the quick formation of hepatocyte spheroids and albumin production. Spheroids were formed in the pores of PUF within 3 days regardless of addition of growth factors. In particular, spheroids were formed within 1 day in medium containing 100 ng/ml HGF and 50 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF). 10,000 ng/ml HGF was effective for albumin production, but the activity dramatically decreased after 6 days in EGF-free medium. On the other hand, 100 ng/ml HGF was effective for albumin production in EGF-containing medium. Albumin production rate with ≥1000 ng/ml HGF was about 1.5 times higher than that with 100 ng/ml HGF. Furthermore, albumin production rate at 3 weeks was about 1.5 times higher than that at 2 days with 1000 ng/ml HGF. The maintenance of albumin production rate depended on the activity of the individual cell and not cell growth. In other words, we were able to show the effectiveness of HGF for functional hepatocyte organoid formation in PUF pores.     

Cultivating the uncultured: limits, advances and future challenges

Since the invention of the Petri dish, there have been continuous efforts to improve efficiency in microbial cultivation. These efforts were devoted to the attainment for diverse growth conditions, simulation of in situ conditions and achievement of high-throughput rates. As a result, prokaryotes catalysing novel redox reactions as well as representatives of abundant, but not-yet cultured taxa, were isolated. Significant insights into microbial physiology have been made by studying the small number of prokaryotes already cultured. However, despite these numerous breakthroughs, microbial cultivation is still a low-throughput process. The main hindrance to cultivation is likely due to the prevailing lack of knowledge on targeted species. In this review, we focus on the limiting factors surrounding cultivation. We discuss several cultivation obstacles, including the loss of microbial cell–cell communication following species isolation. Future research directions, including the refinement of culture media, strategies based on cell–cell communication and high-throughput innovations, are reviewed. We further propose that a combination of these approaches is urgently required to promote cultivation of uncultured species, thereby dawning a new era in the field.     

河南鄣邓遗址浮选碳化植物遗存分析

先商文化一直是学术界探索的重点,商代文明的诸多特征在先商文化时期已萌芽或得到加强。然而,对这一时期的经济与生业模式,相关研究尚有欠缺。本文对河南安阳鄣邓遗址先商文化时期的大植物遗存进行了分析,结果表明,粟是该时期先民最重要的作物,黍其次;小麦、大豆已被利用,但只是处于辅助地位。这些是先商文化时期农业的最直接证据,与文献记载及考古研究得出的先商农业发展状况基本一致。发轫于河北中部地区的商族最初的生计方式为渔猎畜牧,在南下的过程中逐渐学习并采纳了中原地区的生计方式,这对商族的发展壮大起到了积极的推动作用。     

食品卫生微生物学检验培养基质量分析

为探讨培养基ISO国际标准对国内培养基质控的等效性,选择国内外4家培养基生产厂家的霉菌培养基、酵母菌培养基和显色培养基,从质控菌株生长率、抑菌效果等方面进行质量分析比对试验.生长率质控标准菌株在各种霉菌培养基、酵母菌培养基上的生长率均值均大于0.5,在显色培养基上的生长率均值均大于0.7,符合ISO国际标准.经统计分析,试验的4家培养基厂家生产的培养基质量水平差异不显著(P＞0.05),这为将新出台的培养基国家标准拟等效采用培养基ISO国际标准提供了基础材料和依据.     

蛹虫草培养液成分研究Ⅱ

目的：研究蛹虫草人工培养液的化学成分。方法：利用硅胶柱层析、制备薄层、SephadexLH-20、重结晶等方法分离、纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定其化学结构。结果：分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为3,7,8-三甲基-异咯嗪（1）;琥珀酸（2）;胸腺嘧啶（3）;虫草素（4）;腺苷（5）;2吲哚乙丁二酰胺（6）;1（-5-羟甲基）-呋喃-3-羧基-β-咔啉（7）;5（-1-甲基丙基）-3,6-氧代-2-哌嗪乙酰胺（8）。结论：化合物1,6,7为首次从虫草属真菌中分离得到。