Cultivating the uncultured: limits, advances and future challenges |
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Authors: | Karine Alain Joël Querellou |
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Institution: | 1. UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, IUEM, Technop?le Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France 2. UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Pointe du diable, BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Abstract: | Since the invention of the Petri dish, there have been continuous efforts to improve efficiency in microbial cultivation.
These efforts were devoted to the attainment for diverse growth conditions, simulation of in situ conditions and achievement
of high-throughput rates. As a result, prokaryotes catalysing novel redox reactions as well as representatives of abundant,
but not-yet cultured taxa, were isolated. Significant insights into microbial physiology have been made by studying the small
number of prokaryotes already cultured. However, despite these numerous breakthroughs, microbial cultivation is still a low-throughput
process. The main hindrance to cultivation is likely due to the prevailing lack of knowledge on targeted species. In this
review, we focus on the limiting factors surrounding cultivation. We discuss several cultivation obstacles, including the
loss of microbial cell–cell communication following species isolation. Future research directions, including the refinement
of culture media, strategies based on cell–cell communication and high-throughput innovations, are reviewed. We further propose
that a combination of these approaches is urgently required to promote cultivation of uncultured species, thereby dawning
a new era in the field. |
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Keywords: | Culture Isolation Metabolism Microbial community Cell– cell communication High-throughput cultivation |
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