双歧杆菌发酵番茄生产保健饮料

以新鲜的番茄为原料,加工成番茄汁后,采用双歧杆菌发酵生产制成保健饮料,通过单因素及正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为:菌种添加量为4%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间10 h,原汁质量分数60%;辅料添加量:果胶0.15%,PGA0.1%,黄原胶0.1%,磷酸二氢钠0.05%;产品调配的最佳配方为:蜂蜜4%,蔗糖3%,水果香精2%     

Exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains abrogate in vitro the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins on eukaryotic cells

Aims: To evaluate the capability of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from human and dairy origin to antagonize the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins. Methods and Results: The cytotoxicity of Bacillus cereus extracellular factors on Caco‐2 colonocytes in the presence/absence of the EPS was determined by measuring the integrity of the tissue monolayer and the damage to the cell membrane (extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity). Additionally, the protective effect of EPS against the haemolytic activity of the streptolysin‐O was evaluated on rabbit erythrocytes. The EPS produced by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis A1 and IPLA‐R1, Bifidobacterium longum NB667 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml^?1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0·5 mg ml^?1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. Conclusions: The production of EPS by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria could antagonize the toxicity of bacterial pathogens, this effect being EPS and biological marker dependent. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work allows gaining insight about the mechanisms that probiotics could exert to improve the host health.     

大肠杆菌-双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体的构建及内皮抑素基因的表达

目的:构建大肠杆菌-长双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体,并通过此载体使人内皮抑素基因在大肠杆菌和长双歧杆菌中得到表达。方法:以质粒pDG7、pBCSK( )、pET-9C为基础,构建大肠杆菌-长双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体pET-1128,并将人内皮抑素基因插入到新构建的表达载体中,分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和长双歧杆菌NQ-1501。诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和WesternBlot鉴定。结果:成功构建了大肠杆菌-双歧杆菌穿梭载体,人内皮抑素基因在大肠杆菌和长双歧杆菌中均可表达。结论:构建的穿梭载体为今后用双歧杆菌作为生理菌载体进行肿瘤的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health

Probiotics are usually defined as microbial food supplements with beneficial effects on the consumers. Most probiotics fall into the group of organisms' known as lactic acid-producing bacteria and are normally consumed in the form of yogurt, fermented milks or other fermented foods. Some of the beneficial effect of lactic acid bacteria consumption include: (i) improving intestinal tract health; (ii) enhancing the immune system, synthesizing and enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients; (iii) reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance, decreasing the prevalence of allergy in susceptible individuals; and (iv) reducing risk of certain cancers. The mechanisms by which probiotics exert their effects are largely unknown, but may involve modifying gut pH, antagonizing pathogens through production of antimicrobial compounds, competing for pathogen binding and receptor sites as well as for available nutrients and growth factors, stimulating immunomodulatory cells, and producing lactase. Selection criteria, efficacy, food and supplement sources and safety issues around probiotics are reviewed. Recent scientific investigation has supported the important role of probiotics as a part of a healthy diet for human as well as for animals and may be an avenue to provide a safe, cost effective, and 'natural' approach that adds a barrier against microbial infection. This paper presents a review of probiotics in health maintenance and disease prevention.     

耐氧双歧杆菌的分离和鉴定

从中年人粪便中分离到136株可疑双歧杆菌,通过耐氧力测定获得一株耐氧性菌.经属和种的系统生理生化鉴定,确认为长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum).小范围饮用实验结果表明,该菌对便秘有疗效.     

双歧杆菌合剂促进急性坏死性胰腺炎肠粘膜损伤修复的实验研究

观察双歧杆菌合剂对急性坏死性胰腺炎（ＡＮＰ）犬肠粘膜损伤修复的作用。经主胰管注入牛磺胆酸钠和胰蛋白酶复制犬ＡＮＰ模型,观察ＡＮＰ时及双歧杆菌合剂治疗后肠粘膜组织结构变化,肠组织蛋白、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及肠通透性改变,检测血中内毒素（ＬＰＳ）水平,脏器细菌培养。结果发现,双歧杆菌合剂治疗后,ＡＮＰ犬肠粘膜损害明显减轻,肠粘膜绒毛宽度、高度和面积显著增加,肠组织蛋白含量增加,肠通透性显著下降,血中ＬＰＳ水平下降１～２倍,脏器细菌易位率减少３７５％。结论：双歧杆菌合剂能显著促进ＡＮＰ时肠粘膜损伤的修复,保护肠屏障功能,减少肠道ＬＰＳ和细菌易位     

对双歧杆菌DM9227株的实验研究 Ⅲ.双歧杆菌DM9227株与蜡样芽胞杆菌DM423株共生关系的初步研究

本文对厌氧的双歧杆菌DM9227株与需氧的蜡样芽胞杆菌DM423株的共生关系进行了初步研究。将DM9227株与DM423株分别单独及按一定比例等量混合接种于BS肉汤内进行培养,间隔一定时间检测两菌在培养基内菌数的消长情况。结果表明DM423株与DM9227株之间呈偏生关系,即DM423株对DM9227株有促进作用,且在两菌比例适宜(1:100)情况下促进作用更明显,而DM9227株对DM423株有抑制作用。进一步将接种DM423株的Nb琼脂平板与接种DM9227株的BS琼脂平板在普通环境下一起密闭培养,可见厌氧的DM9227株生长良好,提示DM423株可能是通过消耗氧气,降低培养基的Eh,从而促进DM9227株生长的。     

对双歧杆菌DM9227株的实验研究——Ⅰ.双歧杆菌DM9227株的试管内生物拮抗作用的研究

本文对由健康婴儿分离的双歧杆菌DM9227株进行了试管内的生物拮抗试验。将双歧杆菌DM9227株分别与金黄色葡萄球菌、产毒性大肠杆菌及侵袭性大肠杆菌以一定的比例等量混合接种于PYG液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。试验证明双歧杆菌DM9227株能明显抑制上述3种细菌的生长繁殖,显示出较强的生物拮抗作用。拮抗机制可能与双歧杆菌DM9227株能产生一定量的醋酸和乳酸,降低培养基的pH,从而抑制该3种菌的生长有关。     

短双歧杆菌和嗜酸性乳杆菌对小鼠抗肿瘤活性的激活作用

用活的短双歧杆菌,嗜酸性乳杆菌和BCG给昆明小鼠腹腔注射,在原位激活后,由肝脏分离的非实质性细胞(NPC)对YAC-1,P815和L929的细胞毒性作用,以及NPC和Kupffer(KC)培养上清中所显示出对三株瘤细胞的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)活性都比对照组明显增强。其次,胸腺细胞和脾细胞对ConA刺激的增殖反应也明显增强。实验结果表明双歧杆菌和乳杆菌在小鼠体内诱发抗肿瘤活性的启动能力与BCG几乎相等。