非细胞体系核重建过程中两类膜泡在环形片层及核被膜形成中的作用

非洲爪蟾卵经钙离子载体Ａ２３１８７激活后,在１０,０００ｇ下离心得到爪蟾卵提取物,ＬａｍｂｄａＤＮＡ中入上述提取物可构建出染色质结构,并在染色质表面重建核被膜,同时,在染色质外的区域形成环形片层。核被膜在环形片层有相似的发生途径,它们都是由两类在形态、大小、膜结构上有明显差别的膜泡融合而来,首先是直径２００ｎｍ的圆形小膜泡相互融合成双层膜片层,同时核孔复合体在双层膜上大量装配;以这些双层膜片层为基     

利用腺病毒DNA与爪蟾卵提取物在非细胞体系中重构细胞核(简报)

1983年,Lohka和Masui首先报道,用精子染色质与卵提取物一起温育,可以组装成具有典型结构的细胞核。这种核不仅具有合成DNA的能力,而且还能进入M期。同年,     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)在细胞内的DNA合成动态与形态发生过程

对IBRV感染牛肾细胞的DNA合成动态以及该病毒在细胞内的形态发生过程进行了研究。病毒DNA合成的速度在接种病毒后6小时出现一个峰值,随后减慢,并在病毒感染24小时前停止。核壳体的出现是在病毒感染后8小时细胞的细胞核内,而在这一时期细胞中还可见到极少量的成熟病毒。纽胞核内的病毒核壳体装配在接种病毒后24小时左右停止,而病毒核壳体的成熟与释放过程则在这一时期达到高潮。     

Composition and structure of nucleolar skeleton (nucleolar matrix)——Actin and fibrillarin are two main protein components of nucleolar skeleton

Purified nucleoli of HeLa cells were treated sequentially with nonionic detergent, nucleic acid enzyme, low salt and high salt. The residual nucleolar structure termed nucleolar skeleton (nucleolar matrix) was shown as a fine network under electron microscope with DGD embedding-unembedding technique. Such structures of BHK-21 cell and mouse liver cell are similar to that of HeLa cell. The protein composition of the nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells was analyzed. The protein composition of such nucleolar residual shows obvious difference from the compositions of nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold. The major protein composition of the nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells contains 6-7 polypeptides. Their molecular weights are about 48, 43, 36 and 33 ku. Further studies show that actin and fib-rillarin are two major protein components of nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells.     

Assembly characteristics of plant keratin intermediate filaments in vitro

After selective extraction and purification, plant keratin intermediate filaments were reassembled in vitro. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs showed that acidic keratins and basic keratins can assemble into dimers and further into 10 nm filaments in vitro. In higher magnification images, it can be seen that fully assembled plant keratin intermediate filaments consist of several thinner filaments of 3 nm in diameter, which indicates the formation of protofilaments in the assembly processes. One of the explicit features of plant keratin intermediate filaments is a 24—25 nm periodic structural repeat alone the axis of beth the 10 nm filaments and protofilaments. The periodic repeat is one of the fundamental characteristic of all intermediate filaments, and demonstrates the half staggered arrangement of keratin molecules within the filaments.     

植物角蛋白中间纤维在体外的装配特性

经选择性抽提与纯化的植物角蛋白在体外进行重组装 ,扫描隧道显微镜及负染电镜显示 ,酸性角蛋白和碱性角蛋白在体外能自组装成 10nm中间纤维 .在装配的初期阶段 ,可观察到角蛋白二聚体 ,在二聚体中部有非螺旋的连接肽链 ,它是二聚体进一步装配的基础 .对完整 10nm纤维的观察可发现 ,每根 10nm纤维是由多根直径为 3nm的纤维组成 ,这反映了中间纤维组装过程中所形成的原丝等中间结构状态 .在 10nm纤维及原丝的纵向都存在 2 3～ 2 5nm的重复周期 ,这一周期是所有中间纤维的典型特性 ,它说明了角蛋白分子在组装过程中发生了半分子交错 .     

衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp)中间纤维及核纤层存在的证实(简报)

衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp)是属于绿藻门的最低等单细胞植物,为典型的真核生物。迄今以衣藻为材料所作的有关细胞骨架方面的研究多集中在微管蛋白(tubulin)。C.J.Miller等曾以衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)全蛋白与几种中间纤维抗体进行免疫印迹实验有阳性反应,但是衣藻中是否存在中间纤维与核纤层是不清楚的问题。衣藻中间纤维与核纤层的形态研究更未见报道。目前认为中间纤维-核纤     

染色体端粒研究的进展

粒为真核生物染色体的天然末端。它对稳定以及染色体的完全复制有着十分重要的作用。许多种生物的端粒DNA分子结构及其复制机制已被阐明,不少资料显示端粒在细胞中有着特殊的行为,并推测端粒可能参与了染色体的空间组织等核功能。