Heart sarcolemmal Ca2+ transport in endotoxin shock: I. Impairment of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport

Effects of endotoxin administration on the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport in canine cardiac sarcolemma were investigated. The results show that the sidedness of the sarcolemmal vesicles was not affected but the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport in cardiac sarcolemma was decreased by 22 to 46% (p < 0.05) at 4 h following endotoxin administration. The kinetic analysis indicates that the V_max for ATP and for Ca²⁺ were decreased by 50% (p < 0.01) and 32% (p < 0.01), respectively, while the Km values for ATP and Ca²⁺ were not significantly affected after endotoxin administration. Magnesium (1–5 mM) stimulated while vanadate (0.25–3.0 M) inhibited the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport, but the Mg²⁺-stimulated and the vanadate-inhibitable activities remained significantly lower in the endotoxin-treated animals. These data demonstrate that endotoxin administration impairs the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport in canine cardiac sarcolemma and that the impairment is associated with a mechanism not affecting the affinity towards ATP and Ca²⁺. Additional experiments show that the Ca²⁺ sensitivity of the Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was indifferent between the control and endotoxic groups suggesting that endotoxic injury impairs Ca²⁺ pumping without affecting Ca²⁺-ATPase activity. Since sarcolemmal ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport plays an important role in the regulation of cytosolic Ca²⁺ homeostasis, an impairment in the sarcolemmal ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport induced by endotoxin administration may have a pathophysiological significance in contributing to the development of myocardial dysfunction in endotoxin shock.     

NO—样松驰因子在大鼠止血带休克中的作用

为探讨NO-样松驰因子(NO-LRF)在休克中的效应及其病理生理意义,本工作在大鼠止血带休克(ToS)模型上发现离体灌流的主动脉环对去甲肾上腺素的反应性降低,组织cGMP含量增加。用NO前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)或NO合成阻断剂L-NNA,可溶性乌苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝灌流,分别增强或减轻ToS动物主动脉的上述变化,而且这些药物的作用不受血管内皮是否存在的影响。实验结果提示非内皮细胞源的NO-LRF是引起ToS动物血管低反应性的因素之一。体内实验表明 L-Arg治疗缓解,而L-NNA恶化ToS病程,提示NO-LRF可能参与机体的适应保护机制。     

热刺激在植物体内的传递效应

以高粱(Sorghum bicolor)和大豆(U.S.Soybean)幼苗为材料研究了仅植物很部受到热刺激时,其未直接受到温度影响的叶组织细胞的反应。当13天龄的高粱幼苗根部经受45℃4小时热处理时,发现其未直接受到热刺激的叶细胞内合成了一些异常的蛋白质,估测的分子量分别为80kD、70kD、33kD和17kD。最明显的两条蛋白质谱带是70kD和17kD。6天龄的大豆幼苗,当其根部经受40℃3小时热处理时,在其叶细胞内也检测到两条较为明显的蛋白质谱带,其分子量分别为60kD和17kD。观测到的这些异常蛋白质命名为‘热应激效应蛋白’,并与热应激蛋白在分子量大小分布上进行了比较。另外,还报道了利用蛋白质合成抑制剂,亚胺环己酮(cyclohexlmide)探讨了热应激蛋白与植物热耐性方面的可能关联。     

Triploidy induction in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus L. using pressure,heat and cold shocks

Summary The results of a study aimed at the identification of treatment optima for triploidy induction in recently fertilised Oreochromis niloticus L. eggs by altering the intensity, duration and timing of application of pressure, heat and cold shocks are reported. Preliminary, but not directly comparable, trials suggested the following treatments to be close to the individual agent optima. Pressure: 8,000 psi 2-min duration applied 9 min after fertilisation (a.f.); heat: 41 °C, 3.5-min duration applied 5 min a.f., cold: 9°C, 30-min duration applied 7 min a.f. In a directly comparable trial in which the eggs of eight different females were separately exposed to the optimum shocks listed above, individual triploid yields were more variable following cold shocks and mean triploid yields were, therefore, higher following pressure and heat shock. These and other results obtained are presented and the light they shed on the timing of the second meiotic division in this species is discussed.     

Molecular responses of plants to an increased incidence of heat shock

Abstract. Climatic change as a result of the greenhouse effect is widely predicted to increase mean temperatures globally and, in turn, increase the frequency with which plants are exposed to heat shock conditions, particularly in the semi-arid tropics. The consequences of extreme high-temperature treatments on plants have been considered, particularly in relation to the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the capacity to acquire thermotolerance. The heat shock response is described using results obtained with seedlings of the tropical cereals, sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ). A gradual temperature increase, as would occur in the field, is sufficient to induce thermotolerance. The synthesis of HSPs is a transient phenomenon and ceases once the stress is released. Despite the persistence of the HSPs themselves, de novo synthesis of HSPs is required for the induction of thermotolerance each time high temperatures are encountered. The effect of a repeated, diurnal heat shock was investigated and genotypic differences found in the ability to induce the heat shock response repeatedly.     

Changes in pulmonary Cu−Zn contents in superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock of rabbit

Contents of Cu and Zn of into-pulmonary blood (IPB), out-pulmonary blood (OPB), Lung tissue, and supernatant and macrophages of Lung Lavage were determined in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock of rabbits. Zn of pulmonary tissue was 11.42 +/- 0.60 and 14.52 +/- 1.78 (micrograms/g wet wt) in SMAO shock and control groups, respectively. Content of Zn was found to be lower, Cu was not changed, and Cu/Zn ratio increased in lung tissue in SMAO shock. Contents of Cu and Zn in other samples were not changed. The results suggest that lower Zn in lung tissue related to acute lung injury.     

Oxidative stress responses and shock proteins in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2 (PCC-7942)

Oxidative stress responses were tested in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942 (R2). Cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and high light intensities. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase were correlated with the extent and time-course of oxidative stresses. Ascorbate peroxidase was found to be the major enzyme involved in the removal of hydrogen peroxide under the tested oxidative stresses. Catalase activity was inhibited in cells treated with high H₂O₂ concentrations, and was not induced under photo-oxidative stress. Regeneration of ascorbate in peroxide-treated cells was found to involve mainly monodehydroascorbate reductase and to a lesser extent dehydroascorbate reductase. The induction of the antioxidative enzymes was dependent on light and was inhibited by chloramphenicol. Peroxide treatment was found to induce the synthesis of eight proteins, four of which were also induced by heat shock.Abbreviations ASC ascorbate - DHA dehydroascorbate - MDA monodehydroascorbate - GSH reduced glutathione - GSSG oxidized glutathione - ASC Per ascorbate peroxidase - DHA red. dehydroascorbate reductase - MDA red. monodehydroascorbate reductase - GSSG red. glutathione reductase - HSP heat shock proteins - PSP peroxide shock proteins - C_m chloramphenicol