西双版纳傣族“龙山”的生态学意义

傣族“龙山”是西双版纳地区傣族的民族植物文化中的一例。其概念是“神居住的地方”,在这个地方的动植物都是神的家园里的生灵,是神的伴侣,是不能砍伐、狩猎和破坏的。人     

我国植物种群生态研究的成就与展望

种群生态学以种群作为研究对象,无论在理论上还是在方法上都是生态学中发展最快,最为活跃的一个领域,也是生态学研究中的一个极其重要的层次,因为它是物种存在和进化的基本单位,是生物群落和生态系统的基本组成。一、植物种群生态学研究的历史Graunt于1662年进行了人类种群的生命     

生态因子对中药甘草质量影响的初步研究

甘草是一种常用中药,由于具有“调和诸药”之功效而成为方剂中最常用的一味药。古有“十方九草”之说,可见对甘草的需求量之大;目前,对甘草的需求不仅仅限于医药界,在食品、轻工、畜牧等行业也有广泛的应用。然而,由于长期滥采、滥挖,只挖不种,使得甘草的蕴藏量急剧下降,有些地区的甘草资源濒临枯竭。例如,东北松嫩平原,原是我国“东草”商品的主产区之一,并大量出口国外,     

茶园生态环境对红茶芳香化学物质及品质影响

国内外研究均表明,芳香化学物质是构成红茶品质的主要化学物质。茶叶中芳香化学物质的形成,与茶树品种、加工工艺密切相关。至于茶园生态环境和气象因子对红茶     

Reduced orthostatic tolerance following 4 h head-down tilt

The cardiovascular responses to a 10-min 1.22 rad (70 degrees) head-up tilt orthostatic tolerance test (OST) was observed in eight healthy men following each of a 5-min supine baseline (control), 4 h of 0.1 rad (6 degrees) head-down tilt (HDT), or 4 h 0.52 rad (30 degrees) head-up tilt (HUT). An important clinical observation was presyncopal symptoms in six of eight subjects following 4 h HDT, but in no subjects following 4 h HUT. Immediately prior to the OST, there were no differences in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance for HDT and HUT. However, stroke volume and cardiac output were greater for the control group. Mean arterial pressure for the control group was less than HDT but not HUT. Over the full 10-min period of OST, the mean arterial pressure was not different between groups. Heart rate increased to the same level for all three treatments. Stroke volume decreased across the full time period for control and HDT, but only at 3 and 9 min for HUT. There was a higher total peripheral resistance in the HDT group than control or HUT. The pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time ratio was less in HDT than for control or HUT groups. These data indicate a rapid adaptation of the cardiovascular system to 4 h HDT that appears to be inappropriate on reapplication of a head to foot gravity vector. We speculate that the cause of the impaired orthostatic tolerance is decreased tone in venous capacitance vessels so that venous return is inadequate.     

颈动脉内注入腺苷对呼吸,血压和肾交感神经活动的影响

在33只麻醉家兔,观察了颈动脉内注入腺苷所诱发的平均动脉压、心率,呼吸和肾交感神经活动的变化。结果如下:(1)颈动脉内注入腺苷后,平均动脉压呈剂量依赖性下降;呼吸加快,深度变化不明显,剪断窦神经后注入腺苷,仍引起平均动脉压下降,而呼吸变化消失。(2)隔离的颈动脉窦灌流液内加入腺苷后,平均动脉压下降,心率减慢;颈动脉体(CB)失活后反应消失。(3)将腺苷灌注到颈动脉窦区后,平均动脉压下降,肾交感神经传出放电活动增加,CB 失活或剪断窦神经后,反应消失。由此提示:腺苷可作为兴奋 CB 的一种物质,引起平均动脉压降低,心率减慢,呼吸加强和肾交感神经放电活动增加。     

Effects of oxygen partial pressure and combined nitrogen on N2-fixation (C2H2) associated withZea mays and other gramineous species

Summary The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effects of oxygen partial pressure (pO₂) and combined nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ ) on rates of acetylene reduction (AR) associated with roots of intact corn, sorghum, and pearl millet plants. Soil-grown plants were carefully removed from soil and incubated hydroponically with the root system enclosed in a plastic cylinder; the tops were left exposed to ambient conditions. Oxygen concentrations around the root systems were controlled by sparging the nutrient solution with known quantities of O₂ in N₂. Ammonium nitrogen was added to the nutrient solution following establishment of AR rates to determine its effect on rates of N₂-fixation (AR). Substantial AR rates (0.1–1.5 mol C₂H₄ g dry wt^–1 h^–1) were associated with roots exposed to 0–2% O₂ (v/v) (0.0–2.02 kPa) in N₂ following at 12–24 h period of exposure to the reduced oxygen tension. Root systems exposed to air failed to demonstrate AR while those exposed to 100% N₂ showed lower activity than those at reduced pO₂ values. Addition of NH ₄ ⁺ (10–20 g N ml^–1 of nutrient solution) reduced AR by 75–90% within 24 h after addition. Oxygen uptake by roots exposed to low pO₂ was substantially reduced.     

电离辐射引起胃排空延迟机理的初步探讨

本文观察了800rad照射后胃肠肌电的变化及切斷内脏神经与电刺激迷走神经对官的影响,初步分析了电离辐射引起胃排空延迟的机理。结果是:800rad照后大鼠胃肠肌电的峰波平均振幅胃幽部窦部照后1小时至第4天明显降低(P<0.05);幽门括约肌政变不大;十二指肠球部照后第3～7天明显下降(P<0.01)。切断内脏神经后照射大鼠胃肠肌电的峰波平均振幅胃幽门窦部变化不大,幽门括约肌照后1小时至第5天明显升高(P<0.05),十二指肠球部照后第3～7天明显下降(P<0.05)。800rad照后第4天大鼠胃对电刺激迷走神经的反应性明显降低(P<0.01)。上述结果表明:照后胃排空延迟的原因不仅与神经-体液调节紊乱有关,而且与射线损伤了平滑肌,使其兴奋性暂时的功能性降低有关。此外照后由于十二指肠球部运动的变化而使内感受器对胃运动的调节发生紊乱也是值得重视的因素。     

延髓中缝核区注射谷氨酸钠降低大鼠动脉血压的作用

本工作研究了大鼠延髓中缝核在心血管活动调整中的作用。通过埋植套管向大鼠延髓中缝核区注射神经元兴奋剂谷氨酸钠5-μg可明显降低血压,抑制交感神经传出活动,心率无显著改变。降血压效应可被脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射5-HT受体阻断剂肉桂硫胺50μg,或腹腔注射赛庚啶15mg/kg所部分对抗;并可被皮下注射阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮1mc/kg所削弱。结果提示:延髓中缝核-脊髓5-HT下行通路对脊髓的血管调节功能起抑制性影响,内源性阿片样物质可能参与该机制。