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11.
有益微生物缓解花生连作障碍机理研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
花生是我国重要的油料作物,种植过程中会遇到连作障碍问题.有益微生物可以有效缓解花生连作障碍,其机理包括有益微生物分解化感物质、改变花生根际微生物区系、增加花生抗病能力、促进花生结瘤固氮、促进花生养分吸收五个方面.阐明该机理,对花生连作障碍缓解有指导意义,对其他作物连作障碍的缓解也有参考价值. 相似文献
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棉铃虫的谷胱甘肽S—转移酶(GSTs):杀虫药剂和植物次生性物质的诱导与GSTs对杀虫药剂的代谢 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)中肠谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)对甲基对硫磷和灭多威的代谢能力明显高于对马来酸二乙酯(DEM)和两个混剂。LD5剂量的对硫磷和灭多威对棉铃虫3龄幼虫GSTs的活性均没有诱导增加的影响,用LD50的选择剂量仅对硫磷组GSTs活性增加15%。用含0.01%的芸香苷、2-十三烷酮和槲皮素的人工饲料饲养棉铃虫经1~4代后,GSTs活性提高4~18倍。3种植物次生性物质诱导组对灭多威和溴氰菊酯的敏感度均没有明显的变化,而槲皮素组对甲基对硫磷的敏感度则降低近一半,芸香苷和2-十三烷酮组对甲基对硫磷的敏感度略有降低。这种对甲基对硫磷敏感度的变化可能与上述GSTs活性的变化有关。 相似文献
15.
The heritable nature of differential responses by Microplitis croceipes(Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to airborne allelochemicals was investigated. Four isofemale lines were tested for three generations in a flight tunnel. Flight response was found to be strongly dependent on the familial origin, with two highly responsive lines being clearly differentiated from two less responsive ones. Each isofemale line could also be recognized by typical behaviors that suggested that M. croceipesfemales may inherit independent characters of sensory acuity to plant and to host chemicals and of learning ability. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. 1. The effect of increasing concentrations of an iridoid glycoside, catalposide, was tested on a generalist and an adapted specialist lepidopteran, using artificial diets.
2. Two strains of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae), were tested. Larvae of a wild strain showed a negative dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of catalposide (up to 7.2% dry weight), while a laboratory strain showed no such pattern. Choice tests using the laboratory strain showed that these larvae often preferred diets relatively low in catalposide over those with higher concentrations.
3. In contrast, larvae of the iridoid glycoside specialist, the buckeye, Junonia coenia Hübner (Nymphalidae), showed a positive dose-dependent response and grew better on diets with higher doses of catalposide.
4. We tested whether the improved growth of J. coenia at higher concentrations of catalposide may have been due to extra glucose yielded by hydrolysis of catalposide. Larvae were fed increasing doses of glucose equivalent to the amount potentially obtained by hydrolysing the quantities of catalposide used in the previous experiment. However, added glucose did not effect growth, suggesting that increased growth at higher catalposide concentrations was due to increased feeding rates. 相似文献
2. Two strains of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae), were tested. Larvae of a wild strain showed a negative dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of catalposide (up to 7.2% dry weight), while a laboratory strain showed no such pattern. Choice tests using the laboratory strain showed that these larvae often preferred diets relatively low in catalposide over those with higher concentrations.
3. In contrast, larvae of the iridoid glycoside specialist, the buckeye, Junonia coenia Hübner (Nymphalidae), showed a positive dose-dependent response and grew better on diets with higher doses of catalposide.
4. We tested whether the improved growth of J. coenia at higher concentrations of catalposide may have been due to extra glucose yielded by hydrolysis of catalposide. Larvae were fed increasing doses of glucose equivalent to the amount potentially obtained by hydrolysing the quantities of catalposide used in the previous experiment. However, added glucose did not effect growth, suggesting that increased growth at higher catalposide concentrations was due to increased feeding rates. 相似文献
17.
P. A. F. Bohm F. M. L. Zanardo M. L. L. Ferrarese O. Ferrarese-Filho 《Biologia Plantarum》2006,50(2):315-317
The changes in activities of soluble and cell wall-bound peroxidases and lignin contents in juglone-stressed soybean (Glycine max) seedlings and their relationships with root growth were investigated. Soybean seedlings (3-d-old) were cultivated in nutrient
solution supplemented with 0.5 to 25 μM juglone for 24 h. Length and dry mass of roots decreased after 5 to 25 μM juglone
treatments. Low juglone concentrations (≤ 1 μM) increased soluble peroxidase activity, while high concentrations (≥ 10 μM)
inhibited activities of soluble and cell wall-bound peroxidases. Juglone (≤ 1 μM) did not affect lignin content but highly
increased lignification after 5 to 25 μM treatments. Results indicate that lignification may be an important step in root
growth reduction of juglone-stressed soybean. 相似文献
18.
水稻化感作用的机制与应用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻是我国的主要粮食作物,其与周围植物的相生相克作用(化感作用)得到越来越多的重视.简要介绍了近来国内外对水稻对高等植物的化感作用的研究成果,介绍其化感作用途径、化感物质的分离、鉴定、可能的作用原理及在生产实践中的应用. 相似文献
19.
Allelopathic substance in rice root exudates: rediscovery of momilactone B as an allelochemical 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kato-Noguchi H 《Journal of plant physiology》2004,161(3):271-276
Much research on rice allelopathy has been directed toward the selection of allelopathic rice strains and the identification of allelochemicals in rice. This paper briefly summarizes recent progress in the rice allelopathy and focuses on rediscovery of momilactone B as an allelochemical. A large number of rice varieties were found to inhibit the growth of several plant species when grown together under field and/or laboratory conditions. These findings suggest that rice probably produces and releases allelochemical(s) into the environment. The putative compound causing the inhibitory effect of rice was recently isolated from rice root exudates, and the chemical structure of the inhibitor was determined by spectral data as momilactone B. In addition, it has been found that momilactone B is released from rice roots into the neighboring environment, and the release level of momilactone B from rice may be sufficient to cause growth inhibition of neighboring plants. These findings suggest that momilactone B may play an important role in rice allelopathy. 相似文献
20.
Anti-cyanobacterial fatty acids released from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Myriophyllum spicatum</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was carried out to identify unknown allelochemicals released from Myriophyllum spicatum and to investigate their anti-cyanobacterial effects. A series of analyses of culture solutions and methanol extracts of M. spicatum using gas chromatograph equipped with a mass selective detector revealed that M. spicatum released fatty acids, specifically, nonanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, and octadecenoic acids. Nonanoic, cis-6-octadecenoic, and cis-9-octadecenoic acids significantly inhibited growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, whereas tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids did not show any effect. When the inhibitory effect of nonanoic acid was compared with those of 4 polyphenols and eugeniin, which are anti-cyanobacterial compounds previously reported to be released by M. spicatum, nonanoic acid was found to be the most inhibitory to M. aeruginosa. These results indicate that not only polyphenols and eugeniin but also fatty acids such as nonanoic acid must be studied to reveal how M. spicatum exerts its allelopathic effect on M. aeruginosa. 相似文献